Popanga madzi a gamma kuwola: khalidwe la cheza katundu wa njira

aliyense ayenera munthu tamva za mitundu itatu cheza - Alpha, beta ndi Popanga madzi a gamma. Iwo onse angabuke ndondomeko ya kuvunda nyukiliya ya nkhani, ndi iwo ali mbali monga wamba ndi kusiyana. Kuopsa kwambiri amanyamula mtundu otsiriza cheza. Chimene icho chiri?

Nature wa kuvunda nyukiliya

Kumvetsa katundu mwatsatanetsatane Popanga madzi a gamma-kuwola, m'pofunika kuganizira chikhalidwe cha ionizing cheza. tanthauzo Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu cheza cha mtundu ndi mkulu - pamene izo zifika ku atomu wina, wotchedwa "chandamale atomu", Kuchiswa ndi elekitironi kuyendera kanjira kake. Pamene chandamale atomu zimakhala zabwino mlandu ion (choncho cheza ndi ionizing dzina lake). Ndi dzuwa kapena cheza IR amakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu.

Ambiri, alpha-, beta- ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-limawola n'kusanduka ndi katundu wamba. Zodabwitsa atomu monga kambewu ka poppy. Ndiye elekitironi kanjira chifuniro kuwira momuzungulira. Pamene Alpha, beta ndi Popanga madzi a gamma kuvunda kwa mbewu iyi inyamuka tinthu ting'onoting'ono. Pankhaniyi mlandu nyukiliya chimasintha, ndipo izo zikutanthauza kuti latsopano mankhwala mchitidwe unakhazikitsidwa. Chidutswa anatenga liwiro chimphona ndi mabala mu elekitironi chigoba cha chandamale atomu. Pakutayika ndi elekitironi, maatomu a chandamale amakhala ion ndithu mlandu. Komabe, izi amafotokozera mankhwala ndi chimodzimodzi, chifukwa pachimake pa chandamale atomu akanali yemweyo. The ndondomeko ionization ndi mankhwala chikhalidwe, pafupifupi ndondomeko kumachitika mogwirizana ndi zitsulo zina sungunuka zidulo.

Nanga zikuchitika γ-kuwola?

Komabe, ionizing cheza amapezeka osati pa kuvunda nyukiliya. Iwo amapezeka mabomba nyukiliya ndi nyukiliya. Dzuwa ndi nyenyezi zina, ndipo ikuchitika bomba wa hydrogen maphatikizidwe wa mtima kuwala limodzi ndi ionizing cheza. The zipangizo X-ray ndi tinthu accelerators , nayenso, ndondomeko izi zimachitika. Chuma chachikulu, amene ali Alpha, beta, Popanga madzi a gamma kuwola - ndi yayikulu ionization mphamvu.

Ndipo kusiyana pakati pa mitundu itatu cheza ofunitsitsa ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Cheza anapeza mu m'ma XIX. Palibe amene anadziwa chimene zodabwitsazi. Choncho mitundu itatu cheza mayina mu zilembo Latin. cheza Popanga madzi a gamma anapeza mu 1910 ndi sayansi dzina lake Henry Gregg. Popanga madzi a gamma kuwola a chikhalidwe chomwecho monga kuwala, kuwala infuraredi, mphepo. Malinga ndi katundu γ-ray ndi fotoni poizoni koma mphamvu zopezeka photons awa ndi mkulu. M'mawu ena, kuwala kwa mtundu umenewu ndi yochepa kwambiri timaganiza.

The katundu wa Popanga madzi a gamma kunyezimira

cheza n'zosavuta kwambiri mkatikati mwa vuto lililonse. Nkhani zambiri wandiweyani amayima mu njira yake, choncho ndi bwino kuti akuchedwa. Nthawi zambiri izi ntchito cholinga patsogolo kapena nyumba konkire. Mu mlengalenga, γ-ray mosavuta kugonjetsa ambiri kapena zikwi mamita.

Popanga madzi a gamma kuwola ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Pamene izo zikhoza kuonongeka ndi kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi ziwalo. cheza beta angayerekezedwe ndi kuwombera zipolopolo zazing'ono, ndi Popanga madzi a gamma - kuwombera singano. Pa kung'anima nyukiliya, kuwonjezera cheza Popanga madzi a gamma, ndi mapangidwe fluxes nyutironi. Popanga madzi a gamma cheza anagunda Lapansi ndi kunyezimira kwa dziko. Kuwonjezera izi, amanyamula Padziko Lapansi, mapulotoni particles ena.

Mmene Popanga madzi a gamma cheza pa zamoyo

Ngati Tikayerekeza alpha-, beta- ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-limawola n'kusanduka, otsiriza kudzakhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa zamoyo. Wofalitsa mathamangidwe wa mtundu uwu cheza ndi wofanana ndi kuwala kumayendera. Ndi chifukwa cha liwiro lake mkulu, imagwera mwamsanga maselo amoyo, unkawononga awo. Kodi?

Mu njira ya γ-cheza masamba wambirimbiri maatomu ionized, womwe ionize maatomu a mtanda watsopano. Maselo amene anali pansi mphamvu Popanga madzi a gamma-cheza, tisandulika kwa magulu a dongosolo la. Losandulizika, iwo kuyamba kuwola ndi poizoni thupi. Ndipo sitepe zaposachedwapa Maonekedwe a maselo zosalongosoka, amene sakhoza bwino ntchito yake.

Anthu, ziwalo zosiyana ndi madigiri zosiyanasiyana kudziwa cheza Popanga madzi a gamma. Zotsatira zimadalira mlingo wa ionizing cheza. Chifukwa, thupi kungakhale njira zosiyanasiyana thupi, kusokoneza sayansi. Pachiopsezo kwambiri ndi hemopoietic ziwalo, lymph, ndi kachitidwe m'mimba, komanso dongosolo DNA. kukhudzana Ichi ndi owopsa kwa anthu ndi chakuti cheza cha amasonkhana mu thupi. Ndipo ali wobisika nthawi kukhudzana.

Dongosolo la Popanga madzi a gamma-kuwola

Kuwerengetsa mphamvu ya Popanga madzi a gamma cheza, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:

E = hv = HC / λ

Mu dongosolo ili, H - Planck mosaleka mndime - liwiro fotoni mu atomu mphamvu, c - mathamangidwe kuwala, λ - timaganiza.