Wambiri ya Gogol - mmodzi wa alembi kwambiri enigmatic

Kusukulu, tiyenera kudziwa ntchito N. V. Gogolya, ntchito yake yaikulu. Koma apa tiona mbali imodzi yokha ya mmene zinthu zilili moyo zimakhudza umunthu wa wolemba. Ofufuzawa dziwani kuti powerenga mabuku Russian ali zonse anakumana panyengo zosiyanasiyana: chilengedwe, chizolowezi Chiyukireniya folklore ndi zongoganiza, chipembedzo ndi journalistic, ndi zina zotero. Kodi n'chiyani chinamuchititsa mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe chotero namatetule zovuta?

N. V. Gogol. Wambiri: A pedigree Mwachidule

Aliyense akudziwa kuti ichi Russian wolemba Chiyukireniya chiyambi anabadwa mu 1809 m'mudzi wa Great Sorochintsy (Poltava m'chigawo, Mirgorod chigawo). Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti makolo ake anali nzika. Koma kuno mbadwo wolemba chozamachi ofufuza angapo. Koma n'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Wambiri ya Gogol limasonyeza kuti maganizo a mwanayo dziko kusanduka mchikakamizo cha atate wake ndi amake. nkhani zawo kukhala ndi chidwi. Mariya Ivanovna Kosyarovskaya anali ku banja zabwino. Koma atateyo anali ansembe cholowa. N'zoona kuti agogo wolembayo dzina lake Athanasius Dem'yanovich anachoka m'munda wauzimu ndi kugwira ntchito mu ofesi ya hetman. Iye zoona, anawonjezera kuti dzina lake - Janowski - manambala oyambirira Gogol kuti "nzika" ndi ulemerero wake msilikali XVII m'ma Eustace.

ubwana

nkhani bambo wa makolo Cossack anaika chikondi wamng'ono wa mbiri Nicholas Chiyukireniya. Koma kuposa chokumbukira Basil Afanasevicha, motsogoleredwa ndi chitukuko cha umunthu wa wolemba yekha malo kumene ankakhala. Wambiri ya Gogol limatiuza kuti anakhala ali mwana munda banja Vasilevka, limene lili pafupi atangochimwa Dikanka. pali midzi, yomwe m'deralo kuti amakhala kumeneko mfiti mu Ukraine. Mu malfary Carpathian iwo ali kutchedwa, mu dera Poltava monga mwa mawu a pakamwa zapita nkhani zosiyanasiyana mantha, omwe pankakhala anthu a Dikanka. Zonsezi wasiya ndi amaonekera kukoma mu moyo wa mnyamatayo.

kufanana zenizeni

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku zolimbitsa thupi mu 1828, Nicholas anapita ku likulu, St. Petersburg, ku chiyembekezo kuti tsopano akutsegula m'tsogolo patsogolo pake. Koma uko akhadikhira ndi wosasangalala. Pa utumiki sanali kupeza zoyesayesa woyamba kulemba otchedwa onyoza kutsutsa. Wambiri ya Gogol imalongosola imeneyi moyo wolembayo monga chenicheni. Mozama ndi udindo winawake mu Dipatimenti ya wambiri. Gray, moyo chizolowezi akupitiriza ngati zikufanana ndi kufunafuna wolemba kulenga. Iye Pa Academy maphunziro Tirhana, ndipo pambuyo bwino nkhaniyo "Basavryuk" yodziwa Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Delwig.

Wambiri ya Gogol ndi emigration

Mutu wa "munthu pang'ono", ndi Kutsutsa bureaucracy Russian, grotesque ndi Zotengera - onse ophatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa Petersburg nkhani ya sewero lanthabwala "The Inspector General", komanso otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse ndakatulo "Akufa Miyoyo". Komabe, Ukraine sanatisiye mtima wolembayo. Iye ali, kuwonjezera "madzulo pa Farm ndi," analemba buku mbiri "Taras Bulba" ndi mantha "Wii". Pambuyo zimene baiting "Inspector" wolemba masamba Russia ndi kaye tapita ku Switzerland, ndiye kuti France ndi Italy. Wambiri ya Gogol amatipatsa kuzindikira kuti penapake mu theka lachiwiri la 1840s ntchito wolembayo anapereka kuweramira zosayembekezereka kwa zotentheka, zongoganiza ndi matamando autocracy. Wolemba anabwerera ku Russia ndipo analemba mabuku ambiri, amene otalikirana anzake akale. Mu 1852, pafupi kusokonezeka maganizo, wolemba akutentha buku lachiwiri la "Miyoyo Akufa". Patapita masiku angapo, pa February 21, Gogol anafa.