Prose Wolemba publicist A. I. Gertsen: yonena ndi ntchito

Tsogolo kwambiri wolemba ndi woganiza A. I. Gertsen anabadwa mu zovuta 1812. Isanu ndi umodzi mwana ngakhale ali m'manja mwa French, pamene iwo ankafufuza Nest wa banja olemekezeka mu Moscow. Nkhani za nkhondo ndi onse nyengo chikondi cha ulamuliro Alexander zotentha kwa mwana wachangu wolota, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kulimbana kwa Russia bwino. Kukula, iye sanasinthe maloto ake.

Childhood ndi Education

A. I. Gertsen anabadwa mu banja la fuko lomveka olemera Ivana Alekseevicha Yakovleva. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chuma chake linatsimikizidwa ndi chiyambi odziwika. Mmodzi wa makolo a banja anali Andrew Mare, amene anatenga malo a Romanov mafumu.

Mayi anali munthu wamba German chiyambi, kupatula iye anali ndi zaka 16 zokha. Pazifukwa izi, bambo sanali kulembetsa ukwati ndi msungwana, ndipo anabadwa mwana wa dzina yokumba, kungoti Ivanom Alekseevichem. Herzen mu German zikutanthauza mwana wa mumtima.

chilankhulo ambiri anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa mnyamatayo. Mlembi wake ndiwotani anali Schiller. Mwachitsanzo, kusewera "The Tinfunika" ankafunika kuwerenga Herzen, ndi khalidwe waukulu Karl Moor - yabwino ndi chitsanzo mnyamata. Komanso ali yoyamba zolembalemba zinachitikira wolemba m'tsogolo akhoza ankamuona ngati ndemanga ndi maganizo a "Wallenstein" umene unalinso woyambitsa Schiller.

Ngakhale ndili mwana Herzen Alexander Ivanovich anakumana ndi mnzake wake Nikolai Ogarev. Ana anadabwa ndi uthenga wa kupanduka wa Decembrists mu 1825, ndipo kenako mzake lonjezo nkhondo zisinthe.

kugwirizana

Zosatheka okonda mnyamata analowa University Moscow, kumene iye anali mu mabwalo ambiri a unyamata kwakukulu. Makamaka, analimbikitsa zochitika mu France mu 1830, pamene chifukwa cha July utasintha unagonjetsedwa ndi Charles X.

Mu 1833 anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wophunzira ake Copernicus, ndipo analandira Ph.D. ndi Mendulo siliva. Zinaoneka kuti kutsogolo wake wolemera akutumikira anthu moyo lolemera. Komabe, patapita chaka A. I. Gertsen anagwa manyazi ndipo ukapolo Vyatka akuzigawo ndi mawu a "chifukwa nyimbo ya mavesi libelous." Mu nyumba Krutitsa obisika kumene yatsekeredwa pa kufufuza, wolembayo adatha "The wapaulendo German."

Pa Vyatka Herzen anabwera kudzatumikira ku ofesi ya kwanuko ngati wotanthauzira. Moyo wa tauni yaing'ono ya zikwi khumi kuti iye ankaona kwambiri wotopetsa pambuyo Moscow yamunthu. Izi zonse zinasintha pamene mu 1837 atapeza diso la wolowa kupita ku mpando wachifumu, tsogolo Alexander II. Iye ogwidwawo kwa boma mpumulo ndi Herzen lomwe Vladimir. Ndiye wolemba anadziwa ndi ndakatulo Vasiliem Zhukovskim, amene anali monga umboni imfa Aleksandra Pushkina.

"Mfundo za Lathu" ndi Azungu

Pomaliza mu 1838, Herzen anapatukira Vladimir, komwe anakwatiwa ndi Nataley Aleksandrovnoy Zaharinoy, ndipo posakhalitsa analandira woyamba Alexander. Ndiye, mlembi anali kupita ku likulu, koma kachiwiri kupita ku Novgorod kwa freethinking. Koma ngakhale pali iye silinakhalitse, anabwerera Moscow. Anagwira "Mfundo za Lathu" magazini pa nthawi imeneyo. Monga A. I. Gertsen anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a azungu, lobbying kwa kayendedwe ka Russia pa njira European chitukuko.

Mu 1845, wolemba lofalitsidwa mitu yoyamba ya ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, "Ndani mlandu?". Ndiye Herzen anaganiza kusamuka chifukwa chakuti akuluakulu sanali maganizo ake, makamaka pa funso wamba. Ndipo pamene chizunzo sanali, iye anapita ku Ulaya, kumene iye sanabwerere.

Europe

Posachedwapa, mu 1848, Europe anayamba kusintha ambiri ndi boma lakale. Gertsen dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich nawo gululi, makamaka mu akuguba Roma. Pamene ulimi kunabuka France, banja wolemba anasamukira ku Paris. Pambuyo Herzen nawo chionetsero ndi makonsolo, kukopa anthu kuti adzabwerenso kuti malamulo, anayamba kuzunza anthu ake. Publicist anathawira ku Switzerland. Kupanduka anafa pansi, anabwerera Nice.

Mu 1850, lamulo linatulutsidwa mu Russia kuti Herzen kugwa pansi ndi "ukapolo mpaka kalekale." chifukwa anali zochita zake journalistic mu magazini ambiri, kumene kudzudzulidwa akuluakulu Nikolaev. Ngakhale kuletsa kusindikizidwa Russia, mabuku Herzen ndi nkhani za mu zinenero zosiyanasiyana European kunja.

Mu 1851, ku kusweka kwa ngalawa, ndi mayi anafa wolemba ndi mwana wake kumukweza Kolya m'ngolo. The May, pamene mkazi wake anamwalira akubereka ndi mwana wakhanda. zochitika zomvetsa chisoni chimamulimbikitsa kuyamba Maulendo Ake kokha mu 1868 zinatuluka pansi udindo "KALE LANGA ndi Maganizo". Pa nthawi yomweyo London wakhala malo okhazikika okhala, amene anasankha dzina lake Aleksandr Gertsen. "KALE LANGA ndi Maganizo" unakhala tingachipeze powerenga za mtundu wanyimbo ake.

"The Bell"

M'chaka cha 1853 ku London, panali ufulu Russian osindikizira nyumba, amene anayambitsa anali dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich Gertsen. Woganiza kwambiri ankafuna kuti akonze buku journalistic, cholinga chimene chidzakhala zandale ndiponso zochitika mu dziko lakwawo.

Iye anamwalira atangopereka Nicholas Ine, ndi Russia anasiya Crimea nkhondo, ndiyeno kunyumba panali pempho kusintha. Nthawi iyi, zaka makumi atatu mu dziko Padalibe kusintha, ndipo analamulira anachita poyankha zipolowe za Decembrists. Pamene bwenzi ndi mnzake Ogarev anasamukira ku London, Herzen mu 1857 analenga nyuzipepala "The Bell", umene wakhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha chi.

Buku anaonekera zipangizo zatsopano kudzera, komanso kakang'ono mabuku zolembalemba. chiwerengero makulidwe anali 8-10 mapepala. Nthawi yoyamba mu Russian anaifalitsa wa m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu nyuzipepala. Ndinawerenga izo yekha, Alexander II. Komabe, chitachitika chimodzi cha zipinda mu 1858 zinatuluka zikalata chokhudza kusintha adziwitse wa m'mphawi kuti, "Bell" inaletsedwa. Komabe, nyuzipepala anatha kulowa dziko mozemba. Pachimake pa kutchuka anali 1861, pamene Kumasuka osauka ndi inafalitsidwa mu Russia.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Kamodzi wolemba anathandiza kugalukira Polish, ndi chidwi kwathunthu kuchichepetsa. "Bell" watha kusindikizidwa 1867. Switzerland wakhala latsopano kunyumba, dzina lake Aleksandr Gertsen anagwidwa. Mwachidule: yotsala ya moyo wake inasanduka kuyendayenda ndi kugwa ndi anthu amaganizo amodzi.

Mu 1870, iye anafa ndi chibayo, dzina lake Aleksandr Gertsen. "Ndani mlandu?" Ndipo ntchito journalistic moyo imeneyi dzina lake. Mu Soviet Union, anamuzindikira ngati chizindikiro cha kulimbana zisinthe ndi mphamvu wachifumu. Wolemba anaikidwa Nice.