Khalani panyanja ku Azerbaijan: ndemanga. Ulendo wopita ku Nyanja ya Caspian

Kupuma ku Azerbaijan chaka chilichonse ndi mwambo, osati anthu okhawo a ku Russia. Kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi alendo oyendera dziko amasangalala ndi nyengo yowala ndi yofatsa ya dziko lokongola ili. Pakati pa chaka chonse n'zotheka kugula maulendo ku Azerbaijan, koma nthawi yabwino yosamba ndi kusamba dzuwa ndi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa May mpaka kumapeto kwa September.

Malo osiyanasiyana: ndi ndani amene angasankhe?

Kudalira cholinga chimene alendo aliyense amapita paulendo, ndi kudziwa momwe angayendere. Pofuna kusintha kwa thanzi la madzi otenthedwa, ndi bwino kupita ku Lankaran, kukaphimbidwa ndi mafuta azachipatala - kulandiridwa ku Naftalan. Kukhala ndi tchuthi mwakugwirizanitsa ndi chilengedwe ndi bwino ku Kusar, Masalla kapena mudzi wa Nabran. Koma ngati moyo wa Russia umafuna chikondwerero cha moyo ndi zikondwerero ndi zozizira, ndiye bwino kusankha Baku. Ngakhale, ndithudi, malo aliwonse owerengedwa a mpumulo amatha kusangalatsa ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe, koma pamapeto pake idzakhala yochuluka kwambiri. Poonjezera chidziwitso cha mbiri yawo ndikufufuza zolemba zakale, ndibwino kupita ku Shiki, Nakhichevan kapena Shemakha. Koma za chirichonse mu dongosolo.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti thanzi langa?

Azerbaijan imatchuka chifukwa cha malo odyetsera thanzi. Ganizirani zabwino mwa iwo.

Lankaran

Maholide panyanja ku Azerbaijan Ponena za kubwezeretsa thanzi ndi thandizo la madzi otenthedwa ali ndi zabwino. Pali akasupe otentha omwe ali pafupi ndi tawuni ya Lenkoran, m'nkhalango za Gaftoninsky. Mu mzinda womwewo pali malo ambiri omwe amathandizira matenda osiyanasiyana a minofu, mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya mtima, komanso kubwezeretsedwa kwa chitetezo.

Lankaran imayima pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian. Zomwe zofukulidwa zakale zimatsimikiziridwa, anthu adakhazikika pano kale mu Bronze Age, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zaka 2-3,000 kusanayambe kwa nyengo yathu ino. Mzindawu unayambira kale m'zaka za zana la khumi AD.

Kuwonjezera pa njira zamankhwala, ndi bwino kuyang'anitsitsa kukongola kwa mzindawo. Zosangalatsa zambiri zomwe zasungidwa kuyambira zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa ku linga la Lankaran ndi Hanigu.

Lenkoran Fortress

Ndikumanga kuzungulira ndi makoma akuluakulu a miyala, ovekedwa ndi mizere yowongoka. Poyambirira mu nsanja munali mabasiketi angapo, koma patapita nthawi iwo anachotsedwa.

Haniga

Pambuyo pa khoma la nsanja mumabisa misikiti ndi mausoleums, omwe adapeza kutchuka chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zokongola - zojambula zokongola pa mwalawo. Nyumba zazikulu za Hanigi zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XI-XIV, koma m'kupita kwanthawi, iwo ankamangidwanso mobwerezabwereza. Ndi Khanigoy pali mzikiti komwe manda a Pir-Hussein amapezeka. Kunyada kwakukulu kwa mzikiti ndiko mihrab - niche pakhoma, yokhala ndi zipilala ziwiri ndi chigoba, chokongoletsedwa ndi zolemba za Kufic ndi zokongola kuchokera kumatala amitundu yambiri.

Naftalan

Khalani m'nyanja ku Azerbaijan ndemanga zokhudzana ndi chithandizo ku Naftalan ndichangu kwambiri. Naftalan moyenerera amadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala osadabwitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kutchuka kwake, adayamika chifukwa cha "golide wakuda wakuda", omwe angachiritse matenda ambiri. Naftalan kusamba ndi zobvala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yoposa 70 ya matenda osiyanasiyana a thupi: minofu ya osteo-muscular, mitsempha ya ubongo, kusintha kwa khungu ndi nkhope, kuwunikira matenda a amai ndi maukwati. Naftalan imathandizanso ndi kutupa njira, zimachepetsa kupweteka, kuyendetsa magazi, komanso imathandizanso kuti thupi liziyenda bwino. Wodwala, malingana ndi kuopsa kwake kwa dokotala, dokotala amapanga mabafa 10 mpaka 15. Padzakhala kupumula pakati pa njira, choncho njira yonse ya chithandizo ndi pafupi masiku 20. Wodwala amathira kusambitsidwa ndi mafuta kwa mphindi 10, kutentha kumene kuli pakati pa 36-38 ⁰ . Pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta owonjezera a mafuta, mafuta amalowa m'magazi, kenako kuchoka m'thupi limodzi ndi poizoni ndi poizoni. Tchuthi yotereyi ku Caspian sizothandiza chabe, komanso ndi yapadera.

Nthawi yopuma yotsekemera

Kumalo oterewa a ku Azerbaijan amakonda komanso amakonda holide yopuma. Lankhulani bwino za iwo ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi ana.

Kussars (Hussars)

Malinga ndi nthano, ku Kusary mu 1836, Mayi Yu, wazaka 22. Lermontov adadza kudzakumana ndi filosofi ndi sayansi Haji Ali Efendi. Pambuyo pake, Legzi Ahmedov, wolemba ndakatulo ndi woimba wa dziko, adamuuza za Ashug-Gharib, pambuyo pa zolinga za nkhaniyi kenako Lermontov analemba "Ashik-Kerib". Ku Kusarakh pali nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ya M. Yu Lermontov, yomwe ili ndi chikumbutso ndi moni ku Caucasus.

Kuti mudziwe mzindawo pang'ono, mukhoza kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, yomwe ili ndi maofesi pafupifupi 3000, kuyenda mu paki yomwe imatchedwa Nariman Narimanovich, komanso kupita kumalo oyanjana ndi oyendera.

Masalli

Khalani m'nyanja ku Azerbaijan kuti mudziwe kuti mudzi wa Masalli ndi wotani. Mzindawu uli pamtunda wa makilomita 230 kuchokera ku Baku, komabe ali ndi mwayi waukulu m'tsogolo kuti alowe mumsewu wotchuka kwambiri m'dzikoli. Poganizira Azerbaijan pamapu, mungathe kuona kuti mudzi wa Masalli ukuoneka bwino - mwina ndi malo ake odabwitsa. Kumbali imodzi, gombe la Caspian, pambali inayo - Talysh Mountains. Ndipo paliponse, pamene pali diso lokwanira, kukongola kodabwitsa ndi chilengedwe. Ku Masalli muzisangalala ndi madzi a Caspian, nkhalango zakuda ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali: beech, oak, hornbeam, alder ndi mtengo wachitsulo. Pano, m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri, ndi nyanja yochititsa chidwi. Kuno alendo oyenda nsomba komanso anthu okhala m'midzi yoyandikana nayo akubwera. Mitsinje yamchere yomwe ili pafupi ndi tawuni ya Masalli imathandiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ozungulirana ndi mafupa.

Ku Massaly, pafupifupi pafupifupi mizinda yonse ya Azerbaijan, pali nyumba zambiri zamakono ndi nyumba. Pano iwe uyenera kupita ku mzikiti, womangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XIX, ndipo ngati upita ku midzi yoyandikana nayo, ukhoza kupeza nyumba za m'ma 1600. Kuti mudziwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochititsa chidwi zokhudza mzindawu, komanso kudziwidziwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi manja, muyenera kupita ku malo osungirako zachilengedwe.

Okaona malo omwe sakufuna kukhala mumzinda angathe kukhala ndi malo okondwerera masiku ano, omwe ali ndi akasupe ochepetsetsa.

Nabani (mudzi)

Khalani m'nyanja ku Azerbaijan ndemanga za Nabran kuti malo abwino oti mupumule ali okwanira. Iwo adzakhala othandiza kwa omwe ati apite kumeneko. Kwa nthawi yaitali Nabran adzikhazikitsira yekha malo osungiramo malo osungiramo anthu, komanso osati anthu amtundu wokhawo, komanso pakati pa nzika za mayiko omwe kale anali gawo la USSR. Maulendo a chilimwe ku Azerbaijan panyanja ya Nabran amakopa anthu. Malo awa ali ndi nyengo yozizira. Chaka chonse kutentha kuli kofewa: m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi ofunda ndi owuma, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ndi mvula, koma osati kwambiri. Monga zosangalatsa, malo okwerera m'madzi, maiko, maulendo ndi ma discos usiku amaperekedwa.

Mbiri yachikhalidwe: kulandila mbiriyakale

Anthu omwe sakonda kugona pamphepete mwa nyanja adzakhala okondwa kufufuza zochitika zakale za dzikoli. Tiyeni tilembere zofunika kwambiri.

Shemakha

Kupuma pa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wowonjezera chidziwitso chawo, kuti adziŵe chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yakale ya dzikoli.

Zakafukufuku zakale zawonetsetsa kuti kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mzinda mumzindawu kunali kuthetsa, komwe zaka zake zafika m'zaka za m'ma IV-V BC. E.

Mu 1222, Shemakhia anali atazunguliridwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma sanathe kupirira kwa nthawi yayitali, choncho nkhonoyo inalanda ndi kuwononga asilikali a Tatar-Mongol.

Kumalo kwa mzinda (kunali njira yopita misewu ingapo) kunapereka umboni wakuti kwa nthawi yaitali Shemakhia anaukira ndi oyandikana nayo. Iwo nthawi zonse ankafunkha ndi kuwononga mzindawu.

Pambuyo pake, msewu waukulu wa Silika unayamba kudutsa mumzindawu. Ndipo onse chifukwa ku Shemakhia kumeneko kunali sukulu za ma tepi ndi maunyolo. Pano, malonda a silika ankachitidwa pakati pa nthumwi za mayiko osiyanasiyana: Azerbaijan ndi Iran, Russia ndi India, komanso amalonda achiarabu, West Europe ndi Central Asia.

Kumanga kotchuka kwambiri kwa Shemakha ndi linga la Gulistan, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma XII. M'gawo lake, akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza zinthu zingapo, omwe zaka zawo zinatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka za m'ma 1800. Chifukwa chake, linga limeneli limakhala zaka zoposa 1000. Kwa zaka mazana angapo, makoma a mpandawo ankateteza anthu ku zida za asilikali a Mongol, Aarabu ndi Ottoman. Chinthu chachikulu pachitetezo cha Gyulistan ndi gawo lachinsinsi, lomwe limachokera mmenemo kupita kumphepete. Gulistan idagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka m'zaka za zana la 16, koma pambuyo pake zivomezi zambiri zinaphedwa pafupi ndi nthaka. Pakalipano, kuchokera kumeneko pali zowoneka zokongola, zomwe ziri pa njira za mzindawo.

Yeddi Gumbes

Pansi pa nsanja ya Gulistan palinso mausoleum "Seven domes", kapena Yeddi Gumbes. Manda awa anaikidwa anthu olemekezeka a Shirvanshahs. Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri imatanthauza chiwerengero cha manda omwe ali ofanana ndi omwe akukula kuchokera kudziko lapansi.

Mzikiti wa Juma

Anamangidwa mu 744 ndipo ndi mzikiti wakale kwambiri ku Caucasus. Pamene idamangidwa, njira yodabwitsa yokonza nyumbayi inagwiritsidwa ntchito: nyumba zitatu za mapemphero, zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi wina aliyense.

Nkhondo zambiri ndi zivomezi zinachititsa kuti mzikiti ukhazikitsidwe kangapo. Koma panthawi yomangidwanso maziko a zomangamanga adasungidwa: nyumba imodzi yokha yomwe ili pansi pa dome lalikulu, ndi ziwiri zikuluzikulu zomwe zili ndizing'ono. Monga kale, chipinda chilichonse chimakhala choloŵera chokha komanso mahrabi.

Sheki

Kugula maulendo ku Azerbaijan ku Sheki, muyenera kudziwa kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri ku Transcaucasia. M'masiku akale Sheki anali likulu la Sheki khanate, lomwe kenako, mu 1805, linalumikizidwa ku Russia. Ndipo ndi imfa ya womaliza wa khans, Ismail, mu 1819 anakhala chigawo cha Transcaucasian cha Russia tsarist. Monga malo onse ogwira Nyanja ya Caspian, Sheki nayenso amadya zozizwitsa, koma palibe ambiri mwa iwo.

Nyumba yachifumu ya Sheki khans

Linamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Zitseko zowonekera zimakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wa lace, ndipo pamakoma pali zithunzi za ntchito za Nizami.

Fortress Telesen-Geresen ("iwe ufika-iwe udzawona") nthawi yaitali wotetezedwa ndi makoma osakanizika a anthu kuchokera ku adani osiyanasiyana.

Mzinda wakale wa Sheki unali wakale kwambiri. Pano panasungirako sitima-sarai yosungidwa mpaka lero: Lezgin, Isfahan, Tabriz, komanso mahotela ndi nyumba zogona. Silika inapangidwa, yomwe inali yotchuka m'mayiko ena. Masiku ano, ntchito zake zimagwiridwa ndi silika, kuphatikizapo mafakitale a silika ndi mafakitale a silkworm.

Chifukwa cha zivomezi zambiri, Sheki sali ndi zolemba zambiri m'mbiri yakale, koma mzindawu udakali wotchuka chifukwa chopanga mbale zamkuwa, nsalu zamtengo wapatali, zamakono komanso zodzikongoletsera. Zithunzi zamtengo wapatali zopangidwa ndi silika zinayamba kukonda akazi padziko lonse lapansi.

Nakhichevan

Mbadwo wa mzinda ukuyembekezeka pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu. Ndipo umboni ndi miyala, miyala, zofukulidwa pansi.

Zithunzi zojambulapo miyala, zomwe zapitirirabe mpaka pano, zikhoza kuoneka pamtunda wa phiri la Gapyjik. Kale Azerbaijan, yemwe ankakhala pansi pa phiri, ankajambula zithunzi za miyala zosiyanasiyana: agalu, mimbulu, mbuzi, mabala, komanso zizindikiro ndi zithunzi zosangalatsa za anthu. Ziwerengerozo zinkachitika mosiyana ndi pawiri. Lero inu mukhoza kuyamikira mafano otsala a asaka ndi mauta ndi kuvina, omwe anagwedezedwa ndi dzanja la wina.

Mausoleum wa Nowa

Choncho pali zipilala zambiri ku Azerbaijan, kuti tiyang'ane mosamala chilichonse, ndibwino kuti tipite ku malo okwerera ku Nyanja ya Caspian kangapo.

Manda a Nowa anamangidwa zaka mazana asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo ali kummwera kwa mzinda, osati pafupi ndi malo achitetezo akalekale. Malinga ndi nthano, atapita ulendo wautali, chingalawa cha Nowa chinathawira pamwamba pa phiri la Gapyjik.

Kufutukula moyo: mzinda wa Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan

Baku ndilo likulu ndi umodzi mwa mizinda ikuluikulu ku Caucasus. Mukhoza kupita ku likulu lonse chaka chonse, nyengo ikuyenda bwino: nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, nyengo yozizira ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Kuti mukondweretse kukondweretsa, mungathe kudutsa mumsewu wakale, kuyang'ana akasupe ndi kumangirira, kudutsa m'mabwalo ndi nyumba zachifumu zakale. Kukafika ku Azerbaijan ku Baku kumaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa kusambira dzuwa ndi nyanja, kusambira, nyanja imayenda m'nyanjayi yamtunda pa zikondwerero ndi kusefukira kwa madzi. Mu mzinda muli mitundu iwiri ya mabombe: mfulu, yomwe mulibe mchenga wambiri, ndipidwa, okonzeka, moyenera, malinga ndi malamulo onse. Pakhomo lachiwiri ndilopanda ufulu, koma dzuwa liyenera kulipira. Kuwonjezera apo, ndiletsedwa kubweretsa chakudya ndi zakumwa ku gombe.

Azerbaijan si malo aakulu kwambiri pamapu, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe malo okondweretsa aliyense. Ku Baku, dera lalikulu liri ndi malo ogula ndi masitolo a mafashoni. M'misika yamakono pali kuchotsera kwabwino kwambiri, choncho, kupita kukagula, mukhoza kudzikondweretsa nokha ndi zinthu zosagula komanso zovuta zamatsenga. Mitengo ku Azerbaijan ndi yapamwamba kwambiri: oyendayenda amatha ndalama zokwana madola 110-130 pa tsiku, ndipo ntchito yotsika ndi yochepa kwambiri. Inde, mukhoza kusunga ndalama, koma pazimenezi muyenera kubwereka nyumba kunja kwa Baku, kumene ntchito zapadera zimachoka kwambiri.

Pitani paulendo ku Nyanja ya Caspian, muyende, yesani kuphunzira momwe mungathere - chifukwa moyo wathu ndi waufupi!