Nyanja ya Caspian, mbiri yake ndi mbali

Nyanja ya Caspian ndi imodzi mwa nyanja yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse ndipo kunalibe otsika ku dera Nyanja Black. makilomita sikisi sauzande mwa nyanja ake lili m'dera la Russia, anasiya zikwi makilomita kugawidwa pakati pa asanu ku Asia. The peculiarity kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi kuti, ngakhale kukula chidwi (padziko dera 371 sq. Km), iyo siingakhoze anatumizidwa ku nyanja kwathunthu, chifukwa si linanena bungwe kwa nyanja iliyonse. Caspian Nyanja kuya zimasiyanasiyana malinga zimachititsa chilumbachi pa nyanja. Mbali kuya kwake kum'mwera kwa ndime madzi m'madera amenewa ukufika mamita 1025.

Ndipo tsopano pang'ono za mbiri.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ya Caspian nyanja m'mabuku a akatswiri a maphunziro wakale Greek ndi Aroma. zaka zikwi ziwiri BC kum'mwera kum'mawa ndi chigawo chapakati cha makono South Caucasus anthu mafuko Caspians, kumene zoona, nampatsa dzina lake kwa nyanja nyanja. M'nthawi ya Zakachikwi BC. e. dziko loyandikira padagwedezeka ndi nkhondo zambiri mafuko, zomwe zinachititsa Nyanja Caspian akhala kukankhira kunja kwa dziko lawo mwachizolowezi mofanana nyanja. Inali nthawi kuti ankatchedwa Caspian. Mbiri ya anthu akale a kufika kumapeto kwa Caspian nyanja mafuko a Caucasus Albania mu 2 m'ma BC Lero, chitukuko wakale pafupifupi sanakhale ndi moyo deta aliyense zovuta. Chinachake kenako, kugombe la kumpoto kwa nyanja, nyanja kunkakhala anthu anthu wosamukasamuka, makamaka Hazaras, lirikulimbana ndi akalonga Russian. mzinda wawo waukulu Itil inali mkamwa mwa mtsinje wa Volga. Osati ntchito lomaliza ankaimba ndi Nyanja ya Caspian mu yachilendo ndondomeko ya zachuma ndi malonda a Ancient Lazaro. Kudzera anathamanga njirazo malonda yofunika kwambiri ndi lotulukira kuti Uzbekistan, Baltic ndi Black Pacific. Kwa zaka zambiri a chitukuko anthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, izo mobwerezabwereza anasintha dzina lake. Nyanja ya Caspian ankatchedwa Khazar, Khvalynsk, Hirkan.

The tanthauzo loyamba la Nyanja Caspian ochepa ku nyanja zonse posungira amapereka mu zolemba zake, mbiri wachigiriki Herodotus. Amene anakhala zaka zana limodzi, Aristotle anapitiriza ntchito ya sayansi, ndipo kokha anatsimikizira maganizo ake. Phunziro kwa Nyanja ya Caspian chikugwirizana ndi maina asayansi ambiri odziwika ndi apaulendo wotchuka. Kamodzi pa m'mphepete mwake anapita ku Greek zakuthambo Ptolemy, Italy Marco Polo, ndi Russian kapitawo nyengo Peter Wamkulu, Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassy.

Ikani malo Caspian Nyanja ndi chidwi makamaka kwa geographers. Ndi Mipikisano kilometre wake kutalika (1 zikwi km) kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto pali zosiyanasiyana nyengo. Mbali kumpoto kwa nyanja amakhala ndi ndi kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, pali dontho kwambiri kutentha ndi snowfalls lolemera. Nyengo ya kum'mwera si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera subtropical Mediterranean. Chilimwe m'dera limeneli ndi otentha ndi youma, yozizira - yonyowa ndi wofatsa.

Mbali yaikulu ya nyama ndi zomera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi kuchuluka kwa zomera. Panthawi chulutsa makamaka mofulumira algae madzi pamwamba kwenikweni limamasula lachikasu wobiriwira. M'mphepete mwa nyanja madzi osaya inasanduka ziyangoyango weniweni. Wokongola chikhalidwe cha Caspian gombe amakopa alendo chaka. mu Caspian Nyanja tchuthi monyengerera ndi anthu amene akufuna kumasuka kuchoka m'mizinda ikuluikulu phokoso. The pogwiritsa wotchuka kwambiri ndi Russian mzinda Derbent, Makhachkala, Astrakhan, Aktau Chikazaki, Azeri likulu Baku. Russia amakonda kusankha yopuma mu Caucasus, chomwe chili osati kuyendera magombe ndi kusambira mu nyanja, koma chithandizo sanatoria ambiri, kuyenda pa waukulu chidwi malo m'derali, zinyama ndi nkhokwe chikhalidwe.