Dera la Black Sea ndi malo ake ena

Nyanja Yakuda ndi imodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri a dziko lathu, ili lapadera komanso ili ndi zokondweretsa.

Malo:

Pali Nyanja Yofiira kum'mwera kwa dziko la Ulaya la Russia. Pambali pake pali matangadza a m'mapiri a Caucasus.

Black Sea pamapu ali malire ndi mayiko angapo. Awa ndi Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey. Dera la Black Sea lidutsa malire pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia. M'madera a nyanja mungathe kuona momwe Peninsula ya Crimea ikugwera kwambiri kumpoto. Ikugwirizana ndi nyanja yaing'ono ya Azov chifukwa cha Kerch Strait.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Malo a Black Sea ndi abwino: akuyesa kuti ndi ofanana ndi makilomita 422,000. Mtengo uwu ndi wowerengera, m'mabuku ena zizindikiro zina zimasonyezedwa. Malo a Black Sea ku sq. Km. Km. - 436,400 (malinga ndi zina). Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 2210 mamita, ndipo pafupifupi ndi 1240 mamita.

Nyanja ili kuvutika maganizo komwe kunachitika pakati pa South-Eastern Europe ndi chilumba cha Asia Minor. Dera la Black Sea lagawidwa m'magulu awiri ndi kukweza pang'ono, mbali yake ndi peninsula ya Crimea. Gawo la kumpoto-kumadzulo liri ndi malo ambiri a alumali. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Turkey ndi Georgia ndi yodzaza ndi gorges ndi canyons. Kuya kwakuya pafupi ndi mabombe awa kumayandikira kwambiri kuposa kumpoto. Kutali kwa gombe la Black Sea ndi makilomita 4,077. Nyanja ili ngati yozungulira makilomita 1148 kutalika, 615 mbali.

Pali malo ochepa chabe pano ndipo palibe pafupifupi zilumba. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti msinkhu wa madzi ukukwera nthawi zonse. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zaka 100 zilizonse dera la Black Sea limakula ndi masentimita 25. Zikuwoneka kuti liwiro ndi laling'ono, koma nyanja yayamba kale kulowa mumzinda wina.

Mizinda pa Nyanja Yofiira

Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Russia ikukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Palinso mizinda, yaikulu mwa iwo - Sochi, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Anapa. Posachedwapa, mizinda ya Black Sea, yomwe ili ku Crimea (Kerch ndi Sevastopol), imakhalanso ku Russia.

Sochi ndi dera lotentha kwambiri pa Black Sea ku Russia. Pali dzuwa lambiri, zomera zowuma kwambiri komanso zam'mlengalenga.

Ku Sevastopol, mzinda wakale wa Chersonese unasungidwa bwino. Zimboni zambiri zoperekedwa ku Mphamvu Yaikuru.

Njira kuchokera kunyanja kupita kunyanja

Nyanja Yakuda pa mapu ikuwonekera kutali ndi nyanja, imatanthawuza ku nyanja, koma ndi ya Atlantic. Kuti muzisambira pano, muyenera kupita kutali kwambiri: kuchokera ku Nyanja Yakuda kudutsa ku Bosporus kupita ku Marble, kenako kudutsa ku Dardanelles kuti mudutse nyanja ya Aegean ndi Mediterranean, ndipo pokhapokha kupyolera mu Gibraltar mukhoza kupita ku nyanja ya Atlantic.

Nyengo

Nyengo ndi continental. Zochitika zake zikugwirizana ndi malo amkati mwa nyanja. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Crimea ndi Caucasus imatetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira kumpoto, kotero nyengo imakhala yovuta kwambiri, Mediterranean. Chikoka cha nyanja ya Atlantic chimakhudza nyengo. Kuchokera kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kunagwa chimphepo, monga lamulo, zimabweretsa mphepo. Nthawi zina mphepo ya kumpoto imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri moti mapiri sakhala cholepheretsa. Icho chimatchedwa "bora". Amabweretsa ozizira. Anthuwa adamutcha dzina lake "Nord-Ost".

Flora ndi nyama

M'nyanja pali algae osiyanasiyana. Iwo ndi ofiira, obiriwira, ofiira ndi ena, ndipo alipo 270 mwa iwo onse. Komanso mumapezeka mitundu 600 ya phytoplankton. Madzi mumakhalamo otchedwa nochesvetka - mcherewu, womwe uli ndi phosphorous.

Nyama za Black Sea sizingatheke kufanana ndi zinyama za Mediterranean. Mitundu 2500 imakhala pano, ikafika ku Mediterranean - 9000. Zifukwa za moyo wosauka wa nyama: hydrogen sulphide pamadzi akuya, madzi ozizira komanso salinity ambiri. Choncho, Nyanja Yakuda yokha ndi nyama zosadzichepetsa zomwe zimakhala zakuya zakuya. Pansi pansi mumakhala zinyama, oysters, pecten, molluscum rapana. Zigalala zimawabweretsa pamtunda. Pakati pa miyalayi, nkhanu zimapezeka. Pali mtundu wina wa jellyfish - aurelia ndi rootworm. Pakati pa nsomba zomwe zimadziwika: mullet, mackerel, nyanja yamchere, Sea Black-Azov herring. Nsomba yoopsa kwambiri ndi nyanjayi. Zinyama zimapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya dolphins: whitefish ndi dolphin yotchedwa bottlenose dolphin - komanso porpoise ndi white-bellied seal.

Kupanga madzi a m'nyanja

Madzi a Black Sea ndi amchere, olawa kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuwonjezera pa sodium chloride, zomwe zikuphatikizapo magnesium chloride ndi sulphate. Komanso, madziwa ali ndi zigawo 60 za mankhwala.

Mavoti ambiri ndi hydrogen sulphide. Monga lamulo, liri m'madzi pamadzi ozama (mamita oposa 150). Sulfure ya sulfure inapangidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo zam'madzi. Nyanja Yofiira imasiyanasiyana ndi ena chifukwa, pozama kwambiri, palibe algae, kapena nyama zapamadzi. Amakhala kumeneko mabakiteriya okhawo. Nthawi zina pamphepo, mpweya wa hydrogen sulphide umatulutsidwa, choncho anthu pafupi ndi gombe amatha kumva fungo losasangalatsa.

Nyanja Yakuda m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Nyanja Yakuda imatchedwa choncho m'mitundu yambiri, ngakhale mithunzi yambiri yosiyana siyana, kuchokera ku mdima wandiweyani kupita ku buluu. Agiriki akale anautcha kuti Pont Aksinsky, kutanthauza "osakonda" kapena "wakuda". Panali zovuta ndi kuyenda, ndipo mabombe ankakhala ndi abambo achiwawa. Akoloni apa adakumana ndi nyengo zosautsa , monga mphepo ndi mkuntho. Pamene Agiriki adazindikira nyanjayi, adadziwika ndi iwo monga Pontus Evksinsky, ndiko kuti, "wokonda alendo".

M'mabuku a Ancient Rus nyanja amatchedwa Russian kapena nthawi zina Asikuti. M'zigawo zina munthu amatha kupeza zambiri zomwe nyanjayi idatchedwa kuti Black, koma Cherny, ndiko kuti, wokongola.

Anthu a ku Turkey adatcha Nyanja ya Karadengiz - "yopanda pake". Mwinamwake chifukwa chomwecho monga Agiriki.