Osankhika - ndani izi? Kodi pangakhale osankhika?

Mawu akuti "osankhika" lachokera ku Latin mawu Eligo, kutanthauza "osankhidwa", "zabwino", "kusankha". Mu sayansi ndale, Chaanthu ndi zina sayansi chikhalidwe osankhika ankaona gulu lina la anthu amene zatenga malo apamwamba mu dziko. Pankhani ndale, anthu ali ndi mphamvu za ndale ndi maudindo wapamwamba m'boma. Ngati tikulankhula za moyo wauzimu wa anthu, ochepa a anthu kuno - ndi anzeru, gulu la anthu kuti ndipamene kukoma, makhalidwe abwino , ndi zina zotero ..

Altimetry ndi njira axiological mu kutanthauzira mawu akuti "osankhika"

Asayansi kusiyanitsa pakati pa njira ziwiri kuti kumasulira mfundo yakuti, altimetry ndi axiological. Malinga woyamba, osankhika a anthu amene ali ndi chikoka weniweni ndi mphamvu zenizeni, posatengera msinkhu wawo nzeru ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima makhalidwe. The chachiwiri, aksiologichesky njira, lomwe limatchedwanso phindu meritocratic wachokera pa tanthauzo la poyamba akuti "osankhika". kutanthauzira Izi zachokera makhalidwe munthu wa anthu a m'gulu limeneli. Iwo ayenera kukhala "zabwino" kuima mu am'deramo makhalidwe awo, kukhala anzeru, wanzeru koposa, luso kuposa ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo, makhalidwe awa ayesedwa poyerekezera ndi ntchito pafupifupi anthu ena a m'banja anthu. Mwatsoka, izi njira masiku altimetry chimapambana - mfundo ya "mphamvu zonse -. Simusamala"

Ntchito anachita ndi ochepa mmadera

1. Management wa anthu a.

2. Development maganizo ndi makhalidwe anthu.

3. Generation wa asilikali dziphunzitsiranso.

mitundu ya elites

Gawo elites kumachitika malinga i ena.

1. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa osankhika ndi:

• ndale;
• chuma;
• nkhondo;
• sayansi ndi luso;
• chikhalidwe kapena wauzimu.

Posachedwapa, mtundu watsopano wa anthu - bizinesi osankhika kuti chinachake mofananira kuti chuma, koma ayenera kuonedwa ngati gulu osiyana.

2. osankhika komanso m'magulu malinga ubale wao ndi mphamvu. muyezo Izi akusiyanitsa zotsatirazi mitundu iwiri:

• ulamuliro osankhika - gulu la anthu ataima pa mutu wa boma;
• nepravyaschaya - potsimikizira-osankhika.

3. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita osankhika anatengedwa anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• apamwamba (m'dzikolo);
• pafupifupi (dera);
• m'deralo.

4. Malinga ndi zimene amakonda akufotokoza osankhika, ndi:

• akatswiri;
• zaziwerengero;
• mtundu;
• chipembedzo.

5. Malinga ndi zotsatira za zochita zake, zingakhale:

• akulamulira;
• mthunzi;
• pseudoelite;
• odana elites.

Mitundu ina ya elites akhoza kubwera pamodzi kulenga atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, ku confluence a oligarchy andale ndi azachuma anapanga.

Elites nawonso lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya mtundu woyamba zochokera malo ake kutsogolera utsogoleri wolowezana. Mwamwayi osankhika - gulu lomwe, ngakhale kuti wokondwa yotsimikizika pa anthu, koma ziribe kanthu kochita ndi mphamvu. Kuti bwino, kupereka chitsanzo zimakhala zomveka bwino. Pali atsogoleri (angakhale olemba, atolankhani, aluso ndi ena.), Amene, ngakhale kuti alibe mphamvu iliyonse pa gulu, koma maganizo awo, chitsanzo chawo chidzakhala ndi chikoka amphamvu kwambiri khalidwe la misa.

apamwamba m'dera

Makalasi chapamwamba mu dongosolo chikhalidwe cha utsogoleri wolowezana, amene ndi mphamvu pa magulu ena, wotchedwa akuti "apamwamba m'dera". gulu ili mu nthawi zosiyana za chitukuko cha anthu unakhala phunziro la kafukufuku sociological, kuti ichi yotsiriza, mfundo zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ambiri a iwo, apamwamba m'dera - izi ndi ochepa, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu wosatsutsika ndi bwino okhwima kusankha.

Ena amaona chiphunzitso anthu osankhika kuchita ntchito zofunika kwambiri anthu. Pamene enanso amakhulupirira gulu chikhalidwe cha anthu amene anali kukwaniritsa ntchito apamwamba mu zinthu, lomwe ndi khalidwe (kuphatikizapo mu mawu a udindo) ndi ukulu laluntha pa zina za misa. Mulimonsemo, osankhika ndi pamwamba pa piramidi chikhalidwe, amene nawonso, ndi m'magulu osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, olekanitsidwa ndale, mtundu, chikhalidwe ndi ena. Group.

osankhika andale

osankhika Political - gulu lapadera la anthu amene ali anaikira mu manja a nyumba zapamwamba mphamvu. Masiku ano, pafupifupi mayiko onse amene ali wamkulu chikoka osankhika ndale. Ngakhale kuti m'mayiko ambiri pali dongosolo Mipikisano chipani, m'mayiko ena pali chipani chimodzi chokha. Kapena mtsogoleri wa limodzi mwa magulu ali kwambiri moti kulamulira osankhika ndale ndipo wapangidwa ndi gulu lomweli la anthu. Mulimonsemo, osankhika ndale m'dziko gulu la anthu amwayi amene ali achikulire a boma amagwira ntchito kukhazikitsidwa kwa zosankha zazikulu, n'kofunika kutero pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. mamembala ake - anthu amene kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mfundo boma ndi mphamvu, akupanga njira kwa bungwe lawo ndi kuchita zinthu zolimbana. Iwo zambiri zosiyana okonza.

osankhika National

Monga mbali ya mitundu yonse pali gulu la ophunzira, amene ali ndi chikoka yogwira pa mbali zonse za moyo wa anthu a - osankhika dziko. gulu limeneli analengedwa chifukwa cha wosankhidwa ndi kufalitsa anthu onse a oimira ambiri amphatso ndi ophunzitsidwa kuonetsetsa kuti kuchita kulamulira njira zonse chikhalidwe. Komabe, monga nthawi zambiri, mamembala a osankhika dziko kufunafuna kuti akatidzadza likuvutika anzawo. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kukhumudwa ndi chiwonongeko cha kukhulupirika kwa mtundu.

osankhika chikhalidwe

Mawu amenewa ali ndi mtima awiri. M'njira yopapatiza ya osankhika chikhalidwe - ndi otukuka ndi ophunzira ochepa. Ndipo mu lonse - gulu la anthu amene ali mkulu mlingo wa yamtunduwu chikhalidwe ndi akupanga zosiyanasiyana chidziwitso, kuphatikizapo kafukufuku, ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu zauzimu - .. mwaluso etc. Ziribe kanthu momwe zosasangalatsa, anthu Russian mu kapangidwe ka elites chikhalidwe ndi mu malo otsiriza, pambuyo pa ndale, chuma, nkhondo, dziko, ndi ena. Choncho, komabe wauzimu (chikhalidwe) gulu ayenera kugwira udindo lalikulu. Ndipotu zoona, osankhika zikhalidwe wokhutira kuposa zina zofanana etymology akuti - "zabwino".

matanthauzo ena a liwu lakuti "osankhika"

Kuwonjezera tanthauzo la "osankhika", mawu umatchedwanso zisudzo si chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zimene muli wosiyana (yekha) katundu. Mwachitsanzo, kuti anthu "Asilikali osankhika". Pankhaniyi, osankhika - yabwino asilikali mayunitsi kuti awapatsa chitetezo cha dziko ndi adani. Kapena mawu lotchedwa yabwino kwambiri mtengo malo ndi zina zotero D..

Pomaliza

Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, Ndizachidziwikire kuti osankhika - chapadera kwambiri, wosiyana gulu linalo. Zikuoneka, quality, njira yapadera ya moyo, makhalidwe ndi ufulu.