Liman ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kakang'ono

M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za malo osungira madzi. Ndi chiyani? Kodi liman amatanthauza chiyani? M'dera lamapiri, nyanja ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa, koma imadulidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, monga nyanjayi ndi dera. Liwu limeneli latembenuzidwa kuchoka ku Greek monga haroko kapena malo. Komabe, malo, omwe amatchedwa mofananamo, ali ndi mbali zina zosiyana. Nanga ndi chiyani?

Kodi gombeli ndi chiyani?

Mu geography, mawu awa akutanthauza malo ochepa, osakanikirana ndi osaya. Amapangidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mmbali mwa nyanja. Patapita kanthawi, denga likuyamba kukhala losiyana ndi nyanja ndi mchenga wamchenga kapena kumbuyo. Pakati pa madzi ambiri ndi gombe laling'ono, malo osadziwika a madzi angapangenso, ndipo pokhapokha atapatukana kwathunthu ndi nyanja, nyanja yamchere imapezeka m'malo mwake. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa nyanja za Azov ndi Black Sea. Zingakhale zotseguka, mwinamwake zimatchedwa "milomo", ndipo zimatsekedwa, ndi kukonkha.

Komabe, sikuti malo onse opapatiza komanso osaya kwambiri amatchedwa limans. Pa malo a mapangidwe a zinyama zonse zam'mbuyomu kalelo anali milomo ya mitsinje, yomwe tsopano ili ndi madzi. Mukayang'ana pa mapu, mudzawona kuti ma liman onse ali ndi mawonekedwe opotoka. Izi zili ndi kufotokoza kwake. Ngati mtsinjewo ukutentha, ndiye kuti dera lomwelo limatenga mawonekedwe omwewo, komanso limatengera zigwa zake. Mlingo wa salinity pamphepete mwa nyanja ndi pakati, chinthu pakati pa madzi atsopano a mtsinje ndi madzi amchere a m'nyanja. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi kapena madzi okwanira, madzi a mtsinje sangakhale okwanira, ndipo liman imakhala yamchere kwambiri chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi.

Kuchokera pamwambapa, n'zotheka kupeza zokhudzana ndi chiyambi ndi zakudya za malo oterewa, komanso kuwapatsa tanthauzo. Choncho, dera lamapiri ndi malo ochepetsetsa a mumtsinje. Monga lamulo, pansi pawo ndi ochepetsetsa muds mu mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda osiyanasiyana a minofu ndi machitidwe amanjenje.

Kodi phindu la matope lopangidwa pansi pa malowa ndi liti?

M'madzi otsekedwa, ndiko kuti, m'nyanja za liman, pakapita nthawi timadzi tizilombo timayamba kukula. Ndipo pansi pa saline, yomwe ili ndi mchere ku dziko la brine, chomera chakuda chakuda cha mafuta chakuda chomwe chimakhala ndi mabwinja a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayikidwa. Amakhala ndi sulphurous iron ndi colloidal iron oxides. Mitundu iyi yamatope imakhala ndi mankhwala, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchiza kuchiritsidwa ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Anapatsanso zigawo zamchere, zamchere ndi zamchere zina. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa salinity mu malo ozungulira. Mchere wa Ilusto ukhoza kukhala ndi mamita makumi ambiri mamita. Malo amtundu woterewa amapezeka pamphepete mwa Peninsula ya Crimea (ku Saki, Sasyk ndi madera ena), ku Dnepropetrovsk, pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Odessa.

Lake Lyman

Pafupi ndi Black Sea coast ya Crimea pafupi ndi mudzi wa Olenovka pali nyanja yomwe ili ndi dzina la Liman. Sikovuta kuganiza kuti ali ndi chiyambi chachikulu ndipo anapangidwa chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa chigwa cha nyanja. Gombe ili liri ndi malo a 0,4 km². Kutalika kwake ndi 1.6 m ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 1.2 km. Nyanja Lyman imasiyanitsidwa ndi chigwa cha Karajin ndi kusefukira pang'ono. Pakali pano, palibe mtsinje umodzi womwe ungalowemo kapena kutuluka m'nyanja. Amadyetsa mphepo ndi madzi amchere, motero malinga ndi nyengo, kuya kwake kumakhala masentimita 40 mpaka mita imodzi. Chingwe chokhalira pansi, chomwe chili pansi pa nyanja, chimakhala ndi coefficient chapamwamba. M'nyengo ya chilimwe pali mpikisano mumphepo yamkuntho. Kuphatikiza ku Crimean Lake Liman, dzina ili likubedwa ndi nyanja zina zazing'ono. Mwachitsanzo, mayina omwewo amapezeka m'madera a Kharkiv ndi Kherson.

Maina a malo osungirako zinthu

• Dniester Liman (Odessa dera). Yakhazikitsidwa pamtsinje wa Dniester ku confluence ya Black Sea. Mwa njira, dzina lake loyamba ndi Lake Ovidievo.
• Malo otchedwa Anadyr. Ili ndilo gawo la gawo la Anadyr Gulf pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Bering.
• Hadzhibey. Ili kumpoto-kum'maŵa kwa Black Sea pafupi ndi Odessa. M'lifupi mwake ndi pafupi 5 km.
• Mphepo youma youma. Lili pa gombe la Black Sea, monga Dniester, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Odessa. Pamphepete mwa nyanja ndi chilumba cha Illichivsk. Mwa njira, ntchito yomaliza yopereka moyo wa munthu wobadwa yekha wa mbadwa ya mzinda wa Odessa, wolemba Soviet Valentin Kataev ndi nkhani "Dry Liman."

Malo okhala Liyman

Dzina ili ku Russia, ndi padziko lonse lapansi, malo osiyanasiyana amatchedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Republic of Azerbaijan (m'chigawo cha Lankaran) komanso m'chigawo cha Wyoming (USA) pali mizinda yotchedwa Liman. Midzi yofananayi ili m'madera a Astrakhan, Voronezh, Rostov, ku Stavropol Territory (RF), komanso ku Ukraine: Kharkiv, Kherson ndi madera ena.

Kutsiliza

Choncho, kuchokera pamwambapa, zinawonekeratu kuti derali ndi malo osasunthika a mchere kapena malo omwe amapezeka m'munsi mwa mtsinje (pakamwa) chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa nyanja. Malo oterewa akhoza kutseguka, kulumikizana mwachindunji panyanja, ndipo akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi nyanja mwa kukonkha. Ngati kanyumba kameneka kali kosiyana kwambiri ndi nyanja, imakhala nyanja ya liminal. Chuma chochuluka kwambiri mwa malowa ndi machiritso omwe amachokera pansi, choncho m'madzi mwa nyanja kumeneko muli zipatala ndi zipatala zomwe zimapereka ntchito zambiri zothandizira komanso zothandizira anthu onse. Chaka chonse muzilumba zamankhwala anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana amachiritsidwa. Mwa njira, imodzi mwa zizindikiro ndi infertility. Amanena kuti muds mu Crimea amachita zozizwitsa, ndipo amayi ambiri, atatha kumaliza njira yopaleshoni mothandizidwa ndi matope, amatha kumvetsa chisangalalo cha amayi.