Phirilo adzauka zomera tsinde. nsalu maphunziro

zomera kukula m'moyo wawo wonse, ndi mphamvu kuti ukasintha chimasiyanitsa ndi zinyama. Udindo waukulu mu mapangidwe mphukira zatsopano kukula mfundo masewero - dongosolo wapadera komwe maselo mowirikiza kugawa. zone ili pamwamba pa impso, komanso ngati pa pamwamba pa tsinde chachikulu. Kodi zomera kutsindikiza kupitiriza kukula?

Phirilo nyamuka: ndichiyani ndi cholinga chake?

Pa nsonga ya tsinde ndi muzu zomera ndi wapadera dera magawano, amene anapanga maselo meristem. Mbali izi minofu chomera amatha mosalekeza ndipo mofulumira kugawanitsa, imbaenda ndi kuwonjezeka mu thupi ziwalo lonse m'litali ndi makulidwe.

nsalu maphunziro amadziwikanso ili pa nsonga ya impso wobiriwira. Makamaka, chifukwa mmodzi wa iwo ndipo pali mphukira zatsopano, moti chomera kutalikitsa dera lalikulu ndi kulandira mphamvu dzuwa dzuwa. Pali mitundu itatu ya impso: osatha, lateral ndi adventitious. Woyamba ili pachimake pa mbewu, ndi mfundo yawo kukula amalola thupi kukula m'litali. masamba ofananira zimapezeka pa mtengo ndipo ali ndi udindo nthambi ya mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe mphukira mbali. masamba Adventitious amaonedwa matalala ndi adamulowetsa pamene anaima pamwamba pa meristem kugawaniza.

Kodi kukula phirilo? Choyamba, izo aumbike mwa maselo a meristem, amene amagawa mofulumira ndipo kenako ulembedwe zimakhala ena onse. Kachiwiri, kukula zone lili achikalekale phesi, masamba ndi achikalekale achikalekale Mphukira, umene maziko mapangidwe ndi wothawa wamng'ono.

Phirilo adzauka tsinde ndi muzu

minofu maphunziro ndi anaikira makamaka pa nsonga za zomera, imene ili pamwamba pa tsinde ndi nsonga ya muzu. Tsinde Choncho, ngati muzu, kuwonjezeka m'litali chifukwa kugawikana kwa maselo mesodermal. Yotsirizira, nayenso ali mu ndondomeko ya mtima kupanga mitundu selo yatsopano ndipo zimakhala. Tsinde ndi nsalu conductive (xylem ndi phloem), nsalu zofunika, chophimba, ndi zina zotero D..

kukula muzu mfundo ali makhalidwe yake. Popeza kumapeto muzu ndi udindo wotere pa kukula m'litali, nthaka olimba msanga kuwononga woonda makoma maselo minofu maphunziro, zimene kulepheretsanso fission. Choncho, pa zone magawano ndi muzu chipewa, zomwe maselo ndi sloughed ndi nthaka, potero kuteteza maselo citetezo mesoderm mosavuta zinthu mucous zomwe zimathandiza kulimbikitsa chomera limba nsonga mobisa.

Meristem - chomera minofu yophunzitsa

Nsalu, amapanga zambiri za masamba kukula, umatheka ndi mizu, chikudziwika ngati "meristem". nsalu maphunziro wapangidwa ndi yaing'ono maselo woonda-mipanda, amene ngale zikuluzikulu ndi ambiri vacuoles yaing'ono. Meristem ntchito - izi mofulumira magawano selo ndi kuwonjezeka mu zomera nkhuni.

Kutanthauzira meristem ogaŵikana apical, lateral ndi intercalary.

• meristems apical ili pa nsonga umatheka ndi mizu. ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kuonjezera kutalika kwa mbewu.
• Mbali maphunziro nsalu mphete ankaimira cambium mu tsinde ndi muzu pericycle. Mu izi zomera meristem herbaceous mofulumira anazimiririka, ndi zake osatha ndi kuti limachititsa mapulaniwo ndi kukula muzu m'lifupi. Chifukwa cha meristem lateral anapanga otchedwa mphete pachaka.

• Intercalary, kapena intercalary, meristem ndi m'dera la herbaceous zomera mfundo. Best wa onse, mtundu wa maphunziro akuwonetseredwa mu nsalu ya banja la dzinthu, monga chochititsa kuwonjezereka m'litali mwa interstices lapansi.

Komanso olekanitsidwa bala meristems, anapanga m'malo kuwonongeka mawotchi thupi zomera ndi despecialization ozungulira minofu (kawirikawiri parenchyma).

Ndi nthawi yatsoka wa meristem ndi anawagawa pulayimale ndi sekondale. Mawonekedwe woyamba wa thupi wosabadwayo, ndipo Yeremiya kale anati zomera achinyamata anapanga.

Ntchito mbali ya meristem mu mchitidwe

Nthawi zina ziweto, kapenanso zomera m'munda kuyamba kukula mofulumira m'litali, osati nthambi kunja mphukira yaing'ono mbali. Kupewa kwambiri kukula tsinde kutalika, ayamba mdulidwe pamwamba ake. Motero, kukula phirilo Mwamsanga, ndi zomera akuyamba mwachangu nthambi chifukwa mbali gusset ndi impso.

Ngati M'malo mwake, m'pofunika kupitiriza ndondomeko za kukula m'litali, chepetsa pamwamba pa tsinde Mulimonsemo zosatheka. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti imfa ya minofu maphunziro kuti ndi udindo kuwonjezeka mu thupi mbewu.

Pomaliza

Phirilo Rise akuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa zomera. Iwo aumbike mwa maselo a meristem, kapena nsalu maphunziro, amene amalenga latsopano apical ndi lateral mphukira. Phirilo ndi kuwuka mu impso, amene kuteteza meristem kwa chilengedwe. Kwenikweni, Mphukira aliyense zinagwira latsopano kuthamangira magawano ndi maselo mesoderm.