Phenols - ndi chiyani ichi? The katundu ndi zikuchokera phenol ndi

Phenols - Izi zinthu organic zokhudzana chimasanduka onunkhira. Angapezeke mu chikhalidwe, koma koposa zonse kwa munthu amene analandira kudzera yokumba. Iwo tsopano ankagwiritsa ntchito ku mafakitale mankhwala, zomangamanga, mapulasitiki makampani ngakhale mankhwala. Chifukwa zimatha mkulu poizoni, mtendere wa mankhwala ake ndi luso lawo kudutsa mu thupi kudzera pakhungu ndi dongosolo kupuma zambiri phenol poizoni. Choncho, mankhwala ikuchitika ndi gulu la mankhwala a kwambiri poizoni ndi ntchito zake malamulo okhwima okhudza.

ndi phenols Kodi

Izi mankhwala kunachitika chikhalidwe ndi kutulutsa mu m'galasi. phenols Natural kungakhale kothandiza - ndi antioxidant polyphenols kuti ena zomera kuchiritsa anthu. A phenols kupanga - chinthu poizoni. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi khungu, iwo chifukwa lamoto, pamene malowedwe mu thupi - poizoni amphamvu. Izi mankhwala ovuta a aromatics loopsali ndi kunditumiza ku boma gaseous pa kutentha pang'ono kuposa 40 madigiri. Koma bwinobwino, n'zoonekeratu crystalline chinthu ndi fungo yeniyeni.

Khama la phenol amaphunzira pa sukulu mu Inde zimapangidwira organic. Pankhaniyi, amanena za kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe ka molekyulu ndi ngozi. Za zinthu zachilengedwe gulu, kuchita mbali yaikulu mu chikhalidwe, anthu ambiri sadziwa chilichonse. Kodi mungatani zimaonetsa wa phenol? The zikuchokera izi pawiri mankhwala ndi lophweka molekyulu -benzoic gulu, hydrogen ndi oxygen.

mitundu ya phenols

zinthu izi alipo zomera ambiri. Iwo amapereka mtundu wa zimayambira, ndi maluwa, kununkhira kapena amawateteza tizirombo. Palinso kupanga mankhwala amene ali poizoni. zinthu zimenezi ndi izi:

1. Natural phenolic mankhwala - ndi capsaicin, eugenol, flavonoids, lignans ndi zina.
2. The wodziwika ndi chakupha phenol - karboliki asidi.
3. Kulumikiza butylphenol, chlorophenol.
4. Creosote, Lysol ndi ena.

Koma makamaka anthu wamba maina awiri okha: karboliki asidi ndi phenol yokha.

The katundu wa mankhwala awa

mankhwala sangokhala kokha kawopsedwe. Iwo ntchito mwa munthu chifukwa. Kudziwa makhalidwe ali phenol kapangidwe ndi zofunika kwambiri. Pawiri mpweya, hydrogen ndi mpweya akuupereka katundu wapadera. N'chifukwa chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa munthu phenol. The katundu pawiri izi ziri motere:

• Izi mankhwala crystalline ndi amphamvu fungo lokoma;
• phenol chidwi anachita ndi zotsatira za mpweya - timibulu kusintha mtundu: choyamba kutembenukira pinki, ndiye kukhala bulauni hue;
• phenol ali limatsogolera mfundo otsika kwambiri;
• Wina wa ubwino wake - ndi acidity;
• mankhwala ndi bwino sungunuka mowa, mafuta, alkalis ndi zina mankhwala ndiponso ndi zochita kupanga, ndi madzi okha amatha kupasuka kwa phenol pa kutentha pamwamba madigiri 70;
• kwa zaka zambiri, phenol mankhwala Musataye katundu wawo kuti zokolola zochokera iwo kusunga zotsatira awo poizoni pa anthu.

Udindo wa phenols m'chilengedwe

zinthu zimenezi zimapezeka zomera zambiri. Iwo nawo chilengedwe cha mtundu wawo ndi kununkhira. Capsaicin pungency wa tsabola. Anthocyanins ndi flavonoids papezeka makungwa ndi ketol kapena eugenol kupereka fungo pamaso pa maluwa. Mu ena zomera zili polyphenols, zinthu popangidwa ndi kujowina mamolekyulu angapo a phenol. Iwo lipindulitsa pa thanzi la munthu. Ndi polyphenols monga lignins, flavonoids ndi ena. zinthu zimenezi ndi maolivi, zipatso, mtedza, tiyi, chokoleti ndiponso mankhwala ena. Akukhulupirira kuti ena mwa iwo ndi zotsatira rejuvenating ndi kuteteza thupi ndi khansa. Koma palinso mankhwala poizoni: tannins, urushiol, karboliki asidi.

Phenols kuvulaza anthu

Nkhanizi ndi ena ofanana onse mosavuta kudutsa mu thupi kudzera pakhungu ndi mapapo. Magazi ndipamene phenol pawiri ndi zipangizo zina ndipo umakhala poizoni. The apamwamba ndende ake mu thupi, m'pamenenso kuwononga zingayambitse. Phenol kumaphwanya wamanjenje dongosolo ndi mtima, zimakhudza chiwindi ndi impso. Iye udzaononga maselo ofiira, amachititsa thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi zironda.

Nthawi zambiri, phenol poyizoni kumachitika kudzera madzi akumwa, komanso kudzera mpweya malo amene ofanana nawo ntchito yomanga, utoto kapena mipando kupanga.

Inhalation mankhwala ake zimachitika kuwotcha Airways, amphuno kuyabwa ndi ngakhale m'mapapo mwanga edema. Ngati phenol afika pa khungu lanu, likukhalira wamphamvu mankhwala lamoto, kenako azitha bwino kuchiritsa zilonda. Ndipo ngati inu mufika kuposa kotala wa khungu anthu, tidzapeza imfa yake. Mwangozi ingestion wa Mlingo ka phenol, monga madzi oipa, kuyamba chapamimba chilonda, incoordination, osabereka, kulephera mtima, kukha mwazi ndi khansa. Mlingo Large yomweyo amatha kufa.

phenols Kodi applicable

Atapeza mankhwala anapeza mphamvu yake kusintha mtundu mu mlengalenga. Khalidwe wa zitsulo ntchito yopanga nsalu. Koma ndiye katundu wake ena anali anatulukira. Ndipo phenol pawiri wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito mu zochita za anthu:

• kwa kupanga utoto ndi vanishi;
• zochepetsera m'matumba achikopa makampani kuwala;
• mu kupanga nayiloni, nayiloni ndi nsalu ina kupanga;
• kuteteza ziweto ku matenda;
• monga mbali ya mankhwala;
• kupanga utsi zopangidwa kusuta;
• mu mapulasitiki;
• mu detergents ndi mankhwala oyeretsera.

Ntchito mankhwala

Pamene katundu bactericidal wa phenol, zinadziwika ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala anapezeka. Makamaka kwa disinfection wa malo, zipangizo, ngakhale manja a ndodo. Komanso, phenols - izi ndi Gawo la mankhwala ena otchuka: aspirin mkuntho wa chisanu, mankhwala kuchiza chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a mafangasi ndi antiseptics zosiyanasiyana monga xeroform.

Tsopano Phenol kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zodzoladzola kwa kwambiri khungu khungu. Iwo amagwiritsa katundu anatentha wosanjikiza pamwamba pa khungu.

Ntchito phenol mankhwala

Palinso kukonzekera mwapadera mu mawonekedwe a mafuta ndi njira ntchito kunja. Izo ntchito disinfection zinthu ndi kali mu chipinda, zida ndi zovala. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala phenol ntchito pofuna kuchiza njerewere, pyoderma, impetigo, folliculitis, purulent mabala ndi matenda ena a pakhungu. Njira yothetsera ali pamodzi ndi sopo wobiriwira ntchito disinfection wa malo, zovala akuwukha. Ngati inu kusakaniza ndi palafini kapena turpentine, kumakhaladi katundu disinsection.

Simungathe kusamalira phenol m'madera kwambiri khungu, komanso zipinda anaikira kuphika ndi kusunga chakudya.

Kodi chingachititse phenol

A mlingo woopsa wa thunthu kwa munthu wamkulu zingakhale za 1 g ndi ana - 0,05 phenol poyizoni zikhonza kukhalapo pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• sanali kugwilizana ndi chitetezo pa ntchito ndi poizoni;
• ngati ngozi;
• sanali kugwilizana ndi dosing wa mankhwala;
• pamene ntchito nkhani pulasitiki ndi phenol, monga zidole kapena ziwiya;
• ngati yosayenera kusungidwa mankhwala banja.

Mu pachimake zizindikiro poyizoni akalipo mwakamodzi, ndipo inu mukhoza kukhala munthu thandizo. Koma phenol zoopsa kuti pamene inu mulandira mlingo ka izi Sitiyenera kuiŵala. Choncho, ngati munthu amakhala m'dera limene ntchito liza zipangizo, utoto ndi varnish mankhwala kapena mipando yotulutsa phenol, pali poyizoni aakulu.

zizindikiro za poyizoni

Nkofunika kuzindikira vutolo. Izi zidzatithandiza pa nthawi kuyamba mankhwala ndi kupewa imfa. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi mofanana poyizoni ina: nseru, kusanza, kugona, ndi chizungulire. Koma pali zizindikiro khalidwe ndi amene angaphunzire kuti munthu pomudyetsanso poizoni ndi phenol:

• lililonse mpweya;
• kukomoka;
• kuchepa lakuthwa kutentha thupi;
• dilated ana;
• pallor;
• kufupika kwa mpweya;
• ozizira thukuta;
• ndichepe mu kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• ululu m'mimba;
• wamagazi m'mimba;
• mawanga woyera pa milomo.

Ayeneranso kudziwa zizindikiro za poyizoni aakulu. Mukalandira Mlingo kakang'ono mu thupi osati kwambiri kutchulidwa zizindikiro za izi. Koma phenol Zimalepheretsa thanzi. Zizindikiro aakulu poyizoni ndi:

• pafupipafupi migraine mutu;
• nseru;
• dermatitis ndi matupi awo sagwirizana zochita;
• tulo;
• matenda matumbo;
• kutopa chaukali;
• irritability.

thandizo ndi kuchiza poyizoni

Wovulalayo ayenera kupereka thandizo ndi kupulumutsa izo kwa dokotala posachedwapa. Njira kuti ayenera kumwedwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kukhudzana ndi phenol, zimadalira malo malowedwe ake mu thupi:

1. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi khungu, rinsed ndi madzi, sangathe kukonzedwa kapena mafuta watentha mafuta.
2. Ngati phenol kugunda mkamwa - nadzatsuka, musati kumeza chilichonse.
3. Ngati kuwameza, kumwa sorbent monga malasha, "Polisorb", izo osavomerezeka kusamba kunja m'mimba pofuna kupewa amayaka mucosal.

Mu kumwa mankhwala malo poyizoni kobvuta ndi yaitali. Anachita mpweya mankhwala dezintosikatsionnaya chikuyendetsedwera mankhwala - kashiamu gluconate, ntchito sorbents, mankhwala mankhwala mtima,

malamulo Safety ntchito phenols

mchikhalidwe ukhondo-AIDS m'mayiko onse anakhazikitsa pazipita chovomerezeka mlingo wa phenol ndende mu mpweya m'nyumba. A mlingo otetezedwa ndi 0,6 mg wa pa 1 makilogalamu thupi. Koma malangizo amenewa kuganizira kuti ndi chikuonetseratu zonse ngakhale phenol ndende mu thupi, pang'onopang'ono chimamangirira ndipo amatha kubweretsa kuwononga kwambiri thanzi. mankhwala akhoza anamasulidwa mu mpweya katundu pulasitiki, utoto, mipando, zida zomangira ndi otelochnyh, mafuta odzola. Chifukwa zikuchokera katundu anagula ayenera kwambiri kuunikira ndi, ngati pali zosasangalatsa lokoma kununkhira kwa zinthu zina ndi bwino muchisiye izo. Pamene ntchito phenol kwa disinfection ayenera mosamalitsa anaona njira mlingo ndi malamulo yosungirako.