Permanent ndipo sanali morphological mbali akuti

Mu chinenero olemera Russian ali ambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana a mawu. Awa ndi magulu a mawu pamodzi ndi munthu wina kudzera mbali zosiyanasiyana wamba. Ena mwa iwo ndi adjectives, akuti, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, manauni, adverbs ndi ena. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo, ochuluka a chikhalidwe chawo, kukamba payokha.

mbali Morphological akuti ali yosiyanasiyana, monga gawo ili woyankhula m'malo chidwi ndi yosiyana ndi ena. Zambiri za iwo angapezeke m'nkhani ino.

ndi puronauni Kodi

Kumene, poyamba tiyenera kuchita ndi yakuti monga puronauni ambiri. Gulu la mawu ndi imodzi mwa mbali palokha wa kulankhula. Iye alibe mwachindunji khalidwe la zinthu, chiwerengero chawo kapena zinthu okha.

Motero, bwana puronauni akhoza m'malo ena palokha mbali ya kulankhula: manauni, manambala ndi adjectives.

Mafunso umene mayankho operekedwa akuti zosiyana. Iwo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito manauni ( "zimene", "ndani?"), Ndipo maina a numeral ( "motani?"), Ndipo adjectives ( "kodi?").

Kodi zizindikiro ali mawu

mbali iliyonse ya kulankhula kuti alipo m'chinenero Russian angapo mbali zimasiyanitsa. Kumene, iwo ndi akuti, nayenso. Zizindikiro amenewa anawagawa mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri:

- malembedwe amene amaonetsera mbali ya mbali ya kulankhula m'sentensi;

- mbali morphological akuti, izo amatipatsa kumvetsa kuti nkhani zosiyanasiyana tikulimbana ndi m'lowam'malo osati ndi mbali ina ya kulankhula.

mbali syntactic

Ntchito akuti ziganizo ali osiyana, zingakhale chilichonse. Chifukwa zosiyanasiyana ichi ndi mawu awa angathe kutumikira m'malo adjectives ndi manauni ndi manambala. Malinga ndi zimene mbali ya kulankhula adzakhala m'malo ndi puronauni, iwo adzakhala mutu, tanthauzo, mkhalidwe kapena membala wina wa mawuwo.

mbali morphological

Mkhalidwe umenewu wa gulu la mawu ndi yaikulu kwambiri, chifukwa chimadaliranso cholinga cha mbali ya kulankhula puronauni amachita m'malo mwa nkhani ina.

Mulimonsemo, Chirasha pali nkhani morphological akuti: okhazikika ndipo sanali okhazikika. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo zinthu onse amasiyana zina puronauni mbali zosiyanasiyana za kulankhula. Gulu lachiwiri lili ndi mndandanda wa zotsatira kuti mwanjira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana.

zizindikiro okhazikika

Tiyeni tikambirane kaye za makhalidwe zimene zimapezeka gulu la mawu. Zonse makhalidwe morphological monga mawu monga Cholinga chenicheni cha kumaliseche. kumaliseche zenizeni akhoza nawo mawu amene puronauni. Komabe, pali classifications ziwiri zikuluzikulu za mbali imeneyi ya kulankhula. Pali kukha m'magulumagulu ndi phindu, ndipo malingana ndi mndandanda wa zinthu kalembedwe.

Komanso nthawi zonse mbali morphological akuti akhoza umaimiridwa ndi mfundo monga munthu, jenda ndi chiwerengero. Komabe zonse makhalidwe deta ali gulu limodzi lokha la magawo wa kulankhula, umene pansipa.

akuti Tinthu momveka

Pali ambiri monga naini magulu zosiyanasiyana agawanika pa mawu zokhudzana ndi mawu. Kupita limodzi la magulu zachokera phindu kuti amanyamula palokha puronauni.

Gulu loyamba kapena gulu akuti - payekha, akuloza ophunzira mwachindunji ku kuitana (mwachitsanzo, "inu" kapena "Ine"), amene zilibe nawo, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (monga "iwo" kapena "iye") .

Gulu lachiwiri akuti - returnable. gulu limeneli lili mawu amodzi okha - "omva". Pali kumasonyeza chizindikiro cha chinthu kapena munthu kukhala phunziro (mkaziyo satenga chisamaliro).

Gulu lachitatu akuti - interrogative. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawu mafunso kuti angalozere kwa angapo, kapena zizindikiro za zinthu ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "mmene", "munthu", "ndi chiyani."

Gulu chachinayi akuti - wachibale. Nawa mawu omwewo monga gulu m'mbuyomu, koma amapezeka ziganizo zovuta n'kumaganiza kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo zawo. Koma iwo amatchedwa anagwirizana mawu.

Gulu chachisanu akuti - kulamula. mawu Related pano kuyankhula za nkhani yeniyeni za thupi chinthu kapena munthu. Oimira gulu Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "wanga", "awo", "iye", "chanu".

Gulu chimodzi akuti - kalekale. Mawu awa ndi zinthu zosonyeza ndi kalekale chikhalidwe, kuchuluka, zizindikiro za nkhani ya kukambirana. Iwo akuyimira osakaniza akuti interrogative ndi prefixes "chinachake" ndi "ayi" kapena suffixes "a", "ndi", "ndi". gulu, mwachitsanzo, monga mawu "wina", "ena", "zingati chinachake."

Gulu chiwiri akuti - negative. Mu kulankhula mawu otsatirawa ntchito pa nthawi imene chinthu kukambirana kapena palibe. Anapanga ku akuti interrogative, kumene amagwira ndi manambala oyambirira "ayi" ndi "ayi." Mu gulu ili angapezeke Mwachitsanzo, akuti, "palibe", "palibe", "ayi".

Gulu chitatu akuti amatchedwa index. Awa ndi mawu umene pofotokoza kapena mwachindunji nambala kapena chizindikiro chilichonse kwa chinthu. Zitsanzo za mawu awa otsatirawa: "munthu", "ambiri", "ichi", "iye".

Gulu chinayi akuti - attributive, akuloza chizindikiro cha chinthu funso. Pali mawu monga "aliyense," "ambiri," "ena," "chabe," "ndekha" ndi zina zotero. N.

akuti Tinthu malingana ndi mbali kalembedwe

Zonse mbali morphological akuti mulinso Akamva amene yodziwika ndi mbali kalembedwe. Malinga mawu awa akhoza zogwirizana ndi adjectives, manauni kapena manambala.

Akuti, kusewera udindo wa adjectives ali zimasonyeza makhalidwe a zinthu. Mawu zokhudzana ndi gulu monga:

- zonse ku gulu akuti ndi kulamula attributive;

- ena a kumaliseche index ( "ichi", "ichi", "ichi", "monga" "kuti");

- gawo la Akamva interrogative ndi wachibale ( "munthu", "amene", "mmene");

- akuti pa kagulu ka chosadziwika ndi zoipa, kuti akhoza kuwapeza m'ndime.

Gulu chitatu akuti amatchedwa index. Awa ndi mawu umene pofotokoza kapena mwachindunji nambala kapena chizindikiro chilichonse kwa chinthu. Zitsanzo za mawu akuti atha kutumikira ngati "munthu", "ambiri", "ichi", "iye".

Gulu chinayi akuti - attributive, akuloza chizindikiro cha chinthu funso. Pali mawu monga "aliyense," "ambiri," "ena," "chabe," "ndekha" ndi zina zotero. N.

Akuti, kusewera udindo wa mawerengero, gulu laling'ono, limene lili ndi mawu "kwambiri", "mmene", "aliyense", "angapo" ndi "kwambiri". Mawu a gulu lino akulozera ku zinthu zambiri.

Mawu kuti atumikire monga manauni, angalozere kwa chinthu yokha, mu funso. gulu ukufanizidwa ndi mawu otsatirawa:

- mawu akuti zathu za kumaliseche ndi;

- adzabwerenso "omva";

- akuti pa kagulu ka wachibale interrogative ( "zimene" ndi "amene");

- akuti pa kagulu ka chosadziwika ndi zoipa, kuti akhoza kuwapeza m'ndime ( "munthu", "munthu", "kanthu", etc ...).

Makamaka akuti, manauni

chidwi munthu, akuti, m'gulu gulu la munthu. gulu ili lili okwana mawu naini, kumbukirani iwo wosavuta. onsewo ali mbali imodzi sapezeka zina akuti.

Zonse mbali morphological akuti munthu monga munthu osati mfundo gulu limene iwo ali. gulu amakhala ndi chakuti pali mbali zosasintha wa nkhope.

Okwana pali magulu atatu a anthu:

- 1st munthu umaimiridwa ndi mawu akuti "ife" ndipo "ine";

- 2 munthu - "inu" ndi "inu";

- Munthu wachitatu - "nkhani", "iwo", "iye" ndi ". Iye"

China zosasintha la mawu akuti kumaliseche ndi mtundu. Osati nthawi zonse nkhaniyi allocated magwero, koma m'pofunika kudziwa ndi kuganizira. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wamba mawu akuti "inu" ndipo "ine." Mawu mu gulu akuimira ndi gulu lina ndi mmodzi, "kuti" Mulungu, "", "iye" avareji, mwamuna ndi mkazi wobadwa motero. Cha mtundu umenewu chizindikiro alibe mawu a kumaliseche ili, limene chiwerengero cha mochulukitsa ( "iwo", "inu", "ife").

Zosasintha chizindikiro mawu wachokera ku gulu la munthu, ndi nambala yomwe ndi chibadidwe iwo.

peculiarity ake ali ndi mawu pa kagulu ka wachibale interrogative 'zimene' ndi 'amene'. Kaya nkhani, mawu awa akusonyeza nambala imodzi. Pa yomweyo woimira neuter ndi 'zimene' ndi anthu -. "Ndani" Zizindikiro Morphological akuti kalekale ndipo akuti kumaliseche a zoipa, sipangakhalenso kuwapeza mawu awa, chimodzimodzi. Choncho, gulu akuti pamodzi ndi kukha limene zikugwirizanirana, makhalidwe zosasintha zambiri jenda ndi chiwerengero.

Little kapena zizindikiro akuti

Katundu zikusintha malinga ndi nkhani yake adzalandira anasintha morphological makhalidwe akuti. Iwo anaika mu mawu osiyana yoperekedwa kwa magulu osiyanasiyana kalembedwe. Zambiri mu gulu ili ndi zizindikiro za mfundo monga jenda, choncho ndi nambala ngati, mu mawu enieni.

Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane za mawu, manauni ntchito. Monga tanena ambiri akuti ali m'gulu la kumaliseche, chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda ndi wosasintha makhalidwe. Akuti "okha" alibe makhalidwe amenewa awiri. Komabe, mawu onse amene ali m'gulu la mtundu uwu akuti amakonda zosiyanasiyana pa milandu. Ichi ndi mbali yaikulu ya nonpermanent.

Ngati ndi puronauni akuimba udindo wa adjectives, ndiye kusintha zizindikiro iwo Mlanduwu, jenda ndi chiwerengero malinga ndi nauni zomwe amanena. Mbali imodzi ya chionetsero morphological zimaonetsa mawu kulamula. Pang'ono mawu "awo", "iye" ndi "iye" si wasinthika m'njira ina iliyonse. Ndipo mwa zizindikiro za wosasinthika zawo ndi katundu limabweretsa zonse lapansi. Akuti "ngati" ndi "" mphamvu kusintha pa milandu sasunga.

Akuti ikugwira ntchito manambala alibe makhalidwe onse jenda ndi chiwerengero. Ndi chuma chawo ndi ofanana ndi manambala onse kwambiri. Choncho, sanali okhazikika morphological makhalidwe akuti, kadinala anapereka kusintha yekha pa milandu. Choncho ndi nauni iwo kugwirizana motere:

- milandu nominative ndi accusative iwo kuthamanga nauni mu mochulukitsa genitive;

- mu milandu oblique zogwirizana ndi manauni.

Kapangidwe ka kusanthula morphological akuti

mbali Morphological akuti Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kusanthula morphological, chomwe nthawi zambiri zofunika mbali ya kulankhula. Iwo achita izo mu magawo angapo.

Mu gawo loyamba la kulemba dzina mbali ya kulankhula ndi kusonyeza mtundu woyambirira wa mawu parsed (ie chimtsogolera zinachitikira nominative, mmodzi).

Mu ndime yachiwiri limatchula mbali zonse morphological amene chibadidwe puronauni izi. Poyamba kutchulidwa makhalidwe zonse: mwamtheradi akuti zonse, ndithudi, kumaliseche kutengera mtengo. Pafupi ndi mawu a kumaliseche kwa munthu mwachindunji munthu, jenda ndi chiwerengero, ndi chifukwa cha mawu "zimene", "amene" anapanga ndi iwo m'pofunika kutchula chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda. Ndiyeno kambiranani za makhalidwe a sanali okhazikika, ngati iwo alipo mu mawu enaake.

Chomaliza amafuna kuti musankhe mmene membala wa pempholo ndi disassemble puronauni.