Zonse za mochulukitsa manauni: choncho oblique, imfa mwachindunji, pang'ono yodziwika affixes

Woyamba tanthauzo sayansi choncho (monga V. A. Uspenskogo) anapereka masamu ndi dzina la Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti amafuna okhudzidwa zipangizo osati ofunda, syntactic, koma zamalankhulidwe. The tanthauzo masiku ano motere: choncho - gulu la mawu osonyeza ake udindo syntactic chiweruzo ndipo amathandiza kugwirizana mawu ena mu amodzi umodzi.

Mawu akuti "nkhani", monga maina a milandu, linamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini ndi Chigiriki.

Pali mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya milandu: amafa imfa mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina. Pakuti nkhani mwachindunji zikuphatikizapo nominative ndi accusative ndi mozungulira - ena mitundu inayi (genitive, dative, malangizo, prepositional).

Mawu akuti "mwachindunji" ndi "mosadziwika" imfa anaonekera mu chinenero chathu mogwirizana ndi maganizo akale za kuchepa ngati kupatuka pa yekha olondola mawonekedwe a mawu. Kufanizira The kunachitidwa ndi dayisi, kumene kugwa kapena molunjika mbali (imfa mwachindunji), kapena mozungulira mbali (oblique mlandu) kwa mpukutu uliwonse.

Mlanduwu dongosolo mu Russia ukufanizidwa ndi milandu isanu ndi umodzi. Aliyense ali ndi mawu wothandiza, kuzipatsa molondola kudziwa.

1). Nominative - mawu nominative pa kuphatikiza ndi mawu wothandiza "ndi."

2). Genitive - wothandiza mawu "ayi."

3). Dative - wothandiza mawu "kupereka."

4). Accusative - mawu wothandiza "mlandu".

5). Malangizo - wothandiza mawu akuti "odala" ( "analenga").

6). Prepositional - wothandiza mawu "kuganiza (za)."

Komanso kuphweka, matanthauzo awo ndi mafunso choncho. choncho Direct ndi funso lomwelo awiri: mayankho nominative mafunso, "Ndani? Kodi "Ndipo accusative -" Ndani? Kodi? ". Mafunso mozungulira miliri osiyana. Genitive amayankha mafunso, "Ndani? Kodi "dative -" Ndani? Kodi ", malangizo -" n'chiyani? The "prepositional -" ndani? Za chiyani? "(" Yani? Chiyani? ").

Chinenero cha Chirasha pa milandu zosiyanasiyana amakonda manauni, adjectives, mawu ndi manambala. Mapeto a mawu - si kanthu koma njira yosonyezera kuchepa a.

Direct ndi mosadziwika kufa imfa si mitundu okha milandu, ngati kunena zambiri. Pali affixes zina:

1). Vocative - zinali choncho chiwiri mu chinenero cha Chirasha mpaka 1918 ndipo potchula munthu. Zitsanzo vocative mlandu - Katyas, An, Tan, agogo, docha. Tsopano vocative kumlingo m'malo mwa dative.

2). Quantitatively-kulekanitsa imfa - ntchito nauni, kusonyeza ndi inteja pankhani zina, pamene ananenanso. Kuyimba sukulu, mitundu ya mawu kachulukidwe ndi omwalira kulekanitsa ukugwira genitive lapansi.

3). Locative mlandu - mlandu prepositional, pamodzi bwaloli. Iye amayankha mafunso a "Nanga? Kodi? ". Zitsanzo: kulankhula za tebulo, kukhala tebulo.

4). Ablative - zinachitikira nauni, kusonyeza malo chiyambi cha kuyenda. Chitsanzo: ndinatuluka mu nkhalango.

Kuwonjezera miliri imeneyi, kuima pang'ono: ochuluka, zhdatelny osakhalitsa, kuphatikiza, ndi ena. Enieni kuchuluka kwa matenda akadali osadziwika.

Pali vuto la liwulo nkhani ya nauni pa nkhani, ngati accusative, prepositional kapena vocative.

m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi kachitidwe kawo case, nthawizina chinthu chimodzi ndi Russian morphological, stylistic ndi ena malo. affixes Lina ntchito monga okhudza malo, kulamula gwero lake, wa namulondola, lishitelny ndi accusative, ablative, dative ndi zina.

M'zinenero komwe kulibe miliri, ntchito njira zina kusonyeza ntchito mawu m'sentensi (ntchito prepositions ndi postpositions, dongosolo linalake la mawu m'lembali).

Kodi ndikufunika kudziwa affixes? Kumene, muyenera, chifukwa ndicho chifukwa akuphunzira, ngakhale mu maphunziro kusukulu!