Wales mbiri ndi makhalidwe

chilankhulo Wales - mmodzi wa zolembedwa Acelt Brythonic gulu. Iwo makamaka kufalitsidwa ku dera la kumadzulo kwa UK makonzedwe, ndiko Wales, komwe mawu ntchito za 659.000 anthu.

Mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula

Amadziwika kuti chinenero anayamba kutuluka m'ma VI ndipo anakhala maziko a British. Dzinali amachokera ku mawu Walha, kutanthauza "mawu wina." The sukulu woyamba ndi kuphunzitsa Wales unakhazikitsidwa Aberystwyth mu 1939. Mu nthawi yathu, chinatseguka sukulu oposa 500, kumene kuphunzitsa yonse imachitika Cymric (choncho amatchedwa atolankhani okha).

Oyambirira zitsanzo zolembalemba, amene ntchito yolembera chinenero Wales angatchedwe Taliesin ndakatulo ndi poemu "gododdin" Aneirin wolemba amene anafotokoza nkhondo 600 zaka pakati pa Northumbrians ndi Aselote. Tsiku lenileni ndi kujambula ntchito izi Sizikudziwika kuti aliyense. Mpaka nthawi ya maonekedwe ntchito zawo zonse mabuku zopezeka mu dziko, zinalembedwa Latin.

mitundu ya ntchito

Ponena za Cymric masiku ano m'njira waukulu, m'pofunika kunena kuti mbali ziwiri: olankhulidwa ndi zolembalemba. Njira yoyamba ntchito kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku mwamwayi, zimenenso mofulumira akupangidwa ndi bwino pansi makhalidwe a masiku ano. Kusintha kwambiri zimachitika lotanthauzira kuti: mofulumira mawu kutanthauza zinthu zimene anthu salinso ntchito, ndipo M'malo mwake, kubera latsopano, mawu apakhungu.

Wales chinenero zolembalemba ntchito zinthu ofunda ndi zikalata zofunikira. Iye pafupi kumasulira Baibulo 1588.

topicality

Wales si akufa, chifukwa masiku ano pali wa TV ndi wailesi kuti ukufalitsidwa ku Wales kwathunthu kapena ambiri. Komanso, dziko wabwera kuchokera mabuku mlungu uliwonse ndi mwezi, ndi zonena za mabuku 500 chaka. Ana zaka 5 mpaka 16 kuphunzira Wales English m'masukulu monga waukulu mu phunziroli.

Mu 2001, pambuyo kalembera anasonyeza kuchepa chiwerengero cha anthu amene amatha kulankhula Wales, chinenero linathetsedwa malangizo. M'malo mwake, anali malo Commissioner chinenero Wales. ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito kawirikawiri a ku Wales. ntchito za Commissioner ndi amadalira mfundo ziwiri:

• chilankhulo State Wales chikhale pa mlingo wa ntchito kwa English;
• pamaso pa chuma TV ku Wales, zomwe anthu zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ngati n'koyenera.

Choyamba malo wotanganidwa M. Hughes, amene kale Wachiwiri mkulu wa Board Language. Patapita chaka chimodzi, National Assembly linakhazikitsa lamulo malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la chofunika ntchito osati English komanso Wales.

Chiwerengero cha okamba

Mu zaka za m'ma XX, hafu ya anthu ntchito chinenero Wales polankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za chiwerengero cha onyamula zochepa 20%. Chiwerengero kalembera mu 2001 anasonyeza ziwerengero zotsatirazi: anthu 582.368 amatha ku Wales yekha kulankhula, koma anthu 659.301. angaŵerenge Wales ndi ntchito mu chinenero olankhulidwa ndi olembedwa. Pafupifupi 130,000 magalimoto adzakhala mu UK, theka la amene amakhala mu Greater London. Ziwerengero mu 2004 anasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu olankhula chinenero boma, chawonjezeka ndi 35 zikwi. Man.

Chilankhulo ndi ka

Ngakhale kuti England, Wales, Ireland ndi Scotland ali m'gulu la State chomwecho, zilankhulo zawo boma amasiyana Chrixitu. Tiyeni tibwerere ku njira ntchito chinenero Wales. chilankhulo zolembalemba ali m'zilembo zosiyana zochuluka chotero monga zinanenedwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti tsiku imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri kuposa ofunda, motero, kukhala gawo, zimene ntchito. Choncho, mu chinenero mabuku a kusintha kwakukulu anali anaona.

zinkalankhulidwa analankhula anawagawa kum'mwera ndi kumpoto. Kusiyana iwo anatsimikiza mtima galamala, mawu ambiri ndi katchulidwe. Mwachitsanzo, pa Patagonian Wales chilankhulo, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1865 pambuyo anthu Wales anasamuka ku Argentina. adverb Izi anabwereka mawu ambiri Spanish kutanthauza mbali m'deralo.

makhalidwe General

Cymric - kudzifufuza bwino kwa ife mawu "Wales" imene zikumveka ngati akuti Cymru (Wales), kuwerenga monga "kemri". Adzaupereka kwa banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, dongosolo kalata ya zilembo - Latin. Anthu amene amalankhula Wales, angapezeke m'madera ena a m'mayiko monga Argentina (Patagonia njuchi), United States, Canada, Scotland, New Zealand, Australia ndi England. Wales ndi m'dera limene chinenero kuti ali ndi kachirombo boma.

Maziko a kalata panali zilembo Latin, chiwerengero cha makalata amene liri 28. Letter J zimagwiritsa ntchito loanwords English: garej, kupanikizana, etc. Zikumveka Cymric ndi atypical zinenero European Mwachitsanzo sonants wogontha ... Koma kumvera pa kulankhula, mawu polysyllabic ikugwa pa syllable penultimate.

Mutu - mneni - womuyenerera - izi ndi ndondomeko kuvomerezedwa kuti mbali ya kulankhula m'sentensi. mitundu Preverbal wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi tinthu ntchito m'malo akuti mu Akumakambirananso wamng'ono.

Wales English ali dvadtsatirichnuyu dongosolo ochuluka, ndiye chiwerengero 40 ndi mawu Wales mawu mu Russian likumasuliridwa kuti "kawiri makumi awiri" ndi Mwachitsanzo, 39 kwasanduka "naintini twente-kuphatikiza." njira Izi makamaka ntchito pofotokoza msinkhu ndi tsiku, bwino dongosolo decimal ntchito zina.