Nthaka ndi nthaka hydroxide: katundu, ntchito ndi udindo mu chirengedwe

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti nthaka ndi hydroxide nthaka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a masiku ano. A osiyanasiyana ntchito zawo zimadalira katundu thupi ndi mankhwala.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti aloyi mkuwa nthaka ntchito ndi Aiguputo akale, ndipo pambuyo Roma. Koma apa nthaka kunali kosatheka kuonetsetsa mtundu woyera kwa zaka zambiri. Only mu 1746 A. Marggraff koyamba zitsulo izi mu maonekedwe ake angwiro. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi nthaka yadothi kale ikuchitika padziko lonse mafakitale.

katundu mankhwala ndi kufotokoza mwachidule: nthaka

Nthaka ndi zitsulo za kuuma sing'anga. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti si Chimaona pa otsika kutentha. Koma pa kutentha 100 mpaka 150 madigiri Celsius kukhala malleable zitsulo - izo amapangidwa kuchokera pepala kapena zojambulazo ndi makulidwe kwambiri zosakwana millimeter a.

Kuyambira mfundo mankhwala view ndi nthaka atomu ndi ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni chiwerengero cha +2. Ndi wokangalika zitsulo zomwe mtsikanayu anachita monga nthumwi kuchepetsa. N'zochititsa chidwi mu mlengalenga, pa kutentha kwa madigiri 100, nthaka mofulumira amaziralira, pamwamba pake ali ndi filimu zonyalazo carbonates. Ngati mpweya ndi lonyowa ndipo lili wambirimbiri wa carbon dioxide, ndiye zitsulo mofulumira anawonongedwa.

Nthaka buluu lawi akutentha kukhalapo kwa mpweya pa Kutentha kapena - mu Zikatero, ndondomeko kuyaka limodzi ndi mapangidwe utsi woyera (ichi ndi okusayidi zitsulo).

Nthaka amachitira ndi zinthu yosavuta zidulo zina ndi zapansi, kupanga salt, ndi hydroxide nthaka, motero.

Lero amadziwika za 66 mchere kuti ali nthaka - ndipo ali chachikulu kwa mafakitale yopanga zitsulo. Monga chitsanzo calamites, zincite, willemite, Franck lignite ndi smithsonite.

Nthaka Gidroskid: thupi katundu ndi mankhwala

Nthaka (II) hydroxide ndi zofunika kwambiri monga ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, mankhwala ndi ang'ono, colorless timibulu, amene ali pafupifupi insoluble m'madzi. hydroxide Ndondomeko ndi:

Zn (o) 2

Dziwani kuti mankhwala ali ndi amphamvu amphoteric katundu. Nthaka hydroxide amachitira ndi zidulo, kulowa neutralization anachita chotero n'kupanga mchere ndi madzi. Mwachitsanzo:

Zn (o) 2 + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 +2 H2O

Komabe, nthaka hydroxide amachitira ndi alkalis kupanga salt zovuta ndi madzi. Mwachitsanzo:

Zn (o) 2 + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O

Dziwani kuti pamene mkangano mankhwala linawola kupanga okusayidi ndi madzi:

Zn (o) 2 = ZnO + H2O

Monga munda wa ntchito, hydroxide ntchito makampani mankhwala a pokonza mankhwala osiyanasiyana nthaka, makamaka, salt zake.

Nthaka ndi tanthauzo lake

Si chinsinsi kuti nthaka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga dzimbiri woletsa, zomwe TACHIMATA zitsulo ndi chitsulo. Komanso kuchuluka yaikulu zitsulo yotengedwa ntchito yopanga mkuwa ndi mkuwa.

N'zochititsa chidwi ndi wouma batire nthaka ntchito monga anode, komanso amatumikira monga chidebe. Komanso, zitsulo ichi ntchito pa kulekana zitsulo wolemekezeka (mwachitsanzo, golide) wa patsogolo. Ena mankhwala nthaka amaonedwa zipangizo wamba michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi.

Nthaka mu chamoyo moyo

Ndipotu, n'zovuta Musaone udindo wa nthaka mu moyo wa aliyense chamoyo moyo, kuphatikizapo anthu. Ngakhale zimatiyika wotsika, ndi gawo la michere yofunika nawo ndondomeko ya mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe, selo kupuma, etc. Nthaka ndi udindo chitukuko cha mafupa yoopsa komanso. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti pamene pali osakwanira kuchuluka kwa mchere ungachedwetsedwe kutha msinkhu ndi maonekedwe a dwarfism.