"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - vuto buku. "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" L. N. Tolstoy

Buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", ntchito zenizeni za kwambiri Russian wolemba Werengerani Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, linalembedwa pa nthawi kuchokera 1863 mpaka 1869

Dongosolo la ntchito, wolemba wapanga kale kulemba, kunena za mutu wa pa Decembrists kugalukira, umene unachitika mu St. Petersburg December 14, 1825. Leo Tolstoy ananyamuka kusonyeza moyo wa anthu Russian wa nthawi, ndipo kuyambira kayendedwe chitsutso, magulu osiyanasiyana chinsinsi ndi nawo Decembrists anali kwambiri amakani ndi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo ndale za boma la Russia, wolemba kugwiritsa ntchito mutu umenewu monga maziko a ntchito yake.

Kumasulira kwa buku la

Mu kusodza oyamba kwa mwaluso tsogolo zolembalemba "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" nkhani buku Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy ikhale kufunafuna khalidwe waukulu. Wolemba ananena kuti adzakhala ndi chifaniziro cha Decembrists, mmodzi wa ngwazi za nthawi, kubwerera ndi banja lake kunyumba kwawo pambuyo kugwirizana. Komabe, chiwembu cha buku anafuna kufotokoza khalidwe khalidwe zazikulu kuyambira pa unyamata wake, choncho, kunali koyenera kupita kumbuyo zaka 20 zapitazo, kale wake. Wolemba anaganiza kuyamba nkhani ndi ndi 1805. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mutu waukulu wa buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" adamfunsa kutanthauzira timapangira kuposa zimene zimasonyeza nkhani za Decembrists, ndipo motero, m'kupita kwa akulemba buku mu malo oyamba anali nkhondo Napoleon ndi zochitika, mwanjira ina kokhudzana ndi .

tcheru wolembayo ali ankatembenukira kwa kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 ndi nthawi isanafike nkhondo ya asilikali French kutsogoleredwa ndi Napoleon Bonaparte. Komabe, machaputala angapo a ntchito yosatha ya 1860 pansi pa dzina la "Decembrists" Tolstoy ntchito buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". vuto lagona pa ntchito yomanga buku la chiwembu, ndilo cholinga cha wolemba anali kuphimba pafupifupi mbiri kota ya m'zaka za anthu Russian ndi asilikali Russian. Wolemba anachita izo, ntchitoyi iye analimbana kwakukuru.

Zitsanzo za zozizwitsa buku

lothandiza kupanga ntchito yake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich analemba zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ofanana mu Nkhani mozama ndi mphamvu ya mabuku mabuku dziko kulibenso. zithunzi Roma chidwi khalidwe lililonse unakhazikitsidwa ndi digiri yapamwamba ya ndithu, ndi ungwazi wa asilikali Russian ndi zoonekeratu - akulimbana ndi cholinga chabe, mabanja awo, chifukwa kwawo. Chitsanzo ndi mkulu Tushin ndi batire ake, njira otsika-chifungulo cha mdani. Zidzachuluka mtima wa Russian asilikali Nkhondo ya Borodino, pamene anaganiza tsoka la Russia, wolemba anafotokoza mantha chilengedwe, koma liwu lililonse la buku, ndithudi, zoona. The makhalidwe a French, ndithudi, si kupirira poyerekeza ndi kumenyana mzimu wa asilikali Russian, mu izi, zinthu zambiri, namanga maziko a chigonjetso chachikulu wa asilikali Russian. Makhalidwe onse Tolstoy zikupezeka mu buku ngati dziko lawo dziko lawo.

Literature ndi Painting

Polemba mankhwala a "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" buku la vuto lagona pa choona kuti zinali zopeka m'munda wodziika, ndi zithunzi malo anthu. Lva Tolstogo otchulidwa zinalembedwa wosakhwima, zikwapu yeniyeni, luso lake zolembalemba angayerekezedwe ndi kupenta ndi Paolo Veronese, amenenso bwinobwino udaperekedwa chilichonse mu nkhope ya zilembo wake pa nsalu zokha ayi yaikulu ya Venetian Doge yachifumu, ndi ngwazi za mazana awa.

Mtengo luso la ntchito

Mu buku la "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Tolstoy pamasamba wa strata onse chikhalidwe, kwa msilikali yosavuta kwa mfumu ndi anamuperekeza wake. Kuonetsa mibadwo yonse, kalasi yosiyana, olemera ndi osauka, kuona mtima ndi chinyengo, wathanzi ndi odwala. anthu Russian, makalasi m'munsi ndi opeza, mfumu ndi anthu ake - onse kupeza malo mu ntchito kwambiri mabuku a nthawi.

The ntchito luso ndi zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika zenizeni m'moyo, khamu la anthu wamba, gawo mmphepete mwa anthu nthawi zina zakutchire amavutitsa mphamvu, lotengeka ndi mtima. kupha powonekera Vereshchagin chitsanzo. Nkhanza zoipa nkhanza chifukwa cha patsogolo pa chikusesa zonse mu njira yake - ichi ndi anthu Russian, mbiri amadziwa zitsanzo zingapo. Izi ndi mfundo yaikulu ya buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - kusonyeza anthu Russian, ubwino wake onse ndi kuipa.

The nzeru za buku la

Kwa buku la Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy amafuna kuti mphamvu ya chiyambi primordial ya moyo wa anthu Russian, kudziwa zimayambitsa akulembayo zake. mankhwala nzeru ndi chifuniro ndi luso la anthu anataya pachabe ngati iwo sali mu kukhudzana ndi chowonadi, achoke zimene zikuchitika. utumiki chosadzikonda zoti Only angachititse munthu kuchita nkhondo chifukwa chabwino, icho kwa munda wa nkhondo, timakakamizika kuvomereza imfa msonkho a.

kulunjika

zithunzi zambiri za buku la "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" kuperekedwa ndi wolemba lucidly, ndi kumasulira kwa aliyense. Choncho yapadera, mwaulemu maganizo a Mlembi Kutuzov, amene si amphamvu njira talente ndi ungwazi wa wankhondo, ndi chakuti anazindikira kuti njira yokhayo, zotsatirazi zomwe n'zotheka kuthana ndi Napoleon. Choncho kukana makhalidwe Tolstoy a munthu wa Napoleon, amene monyada cha maphunziro ake, anasonyeza kuti exclusivity wake ankaimbidwa. Wolemba sanalekerere mitundu pofotokoza msilikali yosavuta Karataeva Plato amakhala, malinga Tolstoy, mu udindo wa munthu wanzeru koposa, chifukwa anaona yekha gawo la moyo wa chitukuko lonse ndipo anataya payekha awo.

The udindo wa wolembayo

Nzeru Lva Tolstogo si kulingalira pa phunziro, monga kawirikawiri zinalili ndi olemba kwambiri, ndi kusanthula dongosolo loyenera la mbali zochepetsetsa chochitika, zikuchitika mmadera, komanso mphamvu yake wanzeru kuphatikiza mbali anthuwo chimodzi, kupanga chithunzi chonse ndi kusainidwa ndi wake dzina. Udindo Tolstoho adazindikira mutu uliwonse wosafa wake, captivates wowerenga, amene pang'onopang'ono ayamba kuganiza mbali imodzi ndi wolemba.

otchulidwa

Ntchito zake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" vuto buku kwagona kuti kunali koyenera kuti uzipereke mmodzi wa zilembo zazikulu za Russian gulu lonse. Ulusi wamba mu ntchito abwera mutu thandizo yaikulu kwa asilikali ndi atsogoleri anthu. Ayeretse dzikolo ku Russian kuwukira - ankaganiza akapitawo onse, asilikali, osawuka, antchito, akuluakulu anati. Chizindikiro cha anthu Russian sichikanatha kuthetsedwa kuwukira kuchokera kunja, izo si woyenera mtima wa anthu Russian, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, tizilomboto ndithu lidzawonongedwa. chotsatirachi ntchito lingaliro lililonse Russian. Liwiro ukulu wa olimbanawo kayendedwe, wakutemwa ndi chikondi cha dziko analenga "kalabu ya nkhondo anthu", omwe ndi kuwononga mdani.

Leo Tolstoy onyada asilikali mphamvu ya asilikali Russian, kuchulukitsa ndi wakutemwa ndi nsembe zina za anthu a boma Russian. Anthu ngwazi anagwirizana ndi anthu otchuka Russian pa nkhondo kuti dislodge mdani. Oimira yabwino otchuka Russian anayetsetsa misa, pakati pawo Pierre Bezukhov ndi Andrey Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova ndi Vasily Denisov.

Chifanizo cha Kutuzov

The ngwazi za nkhondo ndi Napoleon, Mihail Illarionovich Kutuzov, anali limodzi asilikali ake, ndicho chimene anamupatsa mphamvu. Mkulu sanalandire kulimbikitsidwa mfumu mwachinsinsi zidamuda, koma Kutuzov cha mfumu anamuperekeza kukhulupirika ndi sanasowe, iye anali gwero wamphamvu kwambiri kudzoza - asilikali, asilikali ndi alonda a olambira a. Field polimbana Kutuzov anapambana, kukwaniritsa chifuniro cha anthu Russian, akudziwa bwino cholinga cha atayima kutsogolo kwa iye ndi dziko lonse.

mabuku

Mapangidwe a buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" limasonyeza lingathe wamphamvu wa anthu Russian, mbiri amadziwa ukapolo. Zam'tsogolo wofuna ankhondowo monga Napoleon, mwambo wawo, koma manyazi, sadzakhala chilichonse. Mbiri atasemphana asilikali amatipeza itha chigonjetso cha anthu Russian.

Mu 1865, mu magazini "Russian boma yotchedwa Gazette" woyamba magawo awiri a buku lotchedwa "Chaka 1805" anasindikizidwa. Kope zonse za chosaiwalika ntchito za "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Tolstoy, m'mavoliyumu asanu, linasindikizidwa mu 1869.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" mpaka kalekale analowa golide thumba mabuku dziko.