Ndakatulo - wolemba ntchito ndakatulo

Ndakatulo - wolemba, kulemba ntchito m'nyimbo mu mawonekedwe ndime. Komabe, m'lingaliro wodziika maganizo amenewa zimatanthawuza kuti munthu amene ali wachuma mkati mzimu dziko, zongopeka chabe, maganizo mkulu.

amakedzana

Mu nthawi wosazindikira ndi wakale, ndakatulo anali polemba chinenero chachikulu mabuku. Ntchito wotchuka wa luso la nthawi imene yalembedwa mu ndime kapena nyimbo mawonekedwe, lomwe ndi phokoso ake ndipo zili pafupi poetics lapansi. Zitsanzo wotchuka wa mtundu uwu ntchito - "The Odyssey" ndi "Iliad" wa Homer. Mu nthawi wosazindikira kalekale kuti anali wotchuka kwambiri otchedwa ofalitsa kulenga ogwira nkhani ndi mfundo ntchito za luso wowerengeka.

Choncho, pa nthawi imeneyo ankaganiza kuti ndakatulo - mwamuna mindset wapadera. alembi amenewa ntchito mwayi wapadera komanso mwaulemu. Kale kalelo inachitika olemba mpikisano amene katswiri m'njira za maganizo awo. Mbali khalidwe la ndakatulo za nthawi funso linali yaikulu ndi epic khalidwe: olemba kutamandidwa m'nyimbo ntchito kwenikweni kuwina nkhondo, anamanganso akazembe, ndi ulemerero wa dziko lake. Panthawi imeneyi, lingaliro la maphunziro boma ndi kukonda dziko lako akhala amphamvu kwambiri, chotero ankaonera makamaka monga nzika za mudzi wawo, mizati zimene zatsala kugwila mu ndime mbiri ya dziko lakwawo. Nzosadabwitsa mawu anapita Kale, si koyenera kuti amenyane ndi mzinda kumene ndakatulo moyo.

Mu Middle Ages

M'zaka zotsatira udindo wa ndakatulo lasintha kwambiri, ngakhale ambiri a mawu ndi ndendende lolunjika pa zitsanzo yakale yoyendera. Kotero, anasunga miyambo ya pokweza zochuluka asilikali, nkhondo ndi zigonjetso. Tsopano, komabe anatenga ndakatulo courtly kamvekedwe. Pa nthawi imeneyo inali amakhulupilira kuti ndakatulo - munthu amene amadziwa luso la cholowa cha mawu. Mogwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kugawikana ang'onoang'ono a lingaliro la boma limodzi anaphwa ku maziko, kotero tsopano olemba nafuna kulemekeza mu zolemba woyang'anira wake ndi woyang'anira. Ndipo ngati ndakatulo kale anazindikira monga nzika za m'dziko lawo limene n'chimodzimodzi ndi asilikali adatumikira pamodzi ndi luso lake, tsopano ndakatulo - munthu amene akutamanda mbuye wake. Yopangidwa kwambiri chikondi, courtly nyimbo. Olemba kutamanda mwambo kwa akazi okongola ndi zochuluka chivalrous ulemu wake. Mogwirizana ndi kusintha pamwamba, anasintha udindo wa ndakatulo, amene tsopano kuoneka ngati mtumiki wa luso osati nzika ya dziko.

nthawi yatsopano

M'zaka zotsatira (m'ma 17-18th), pali mumaganiza latsopano mu mabuku amene wachibadidwe anasintha udindo wa olemba ntchito m'nyimbo. Mogwirizana ndi kukondweretsa kuti bourgeois, mabuku anayamba anazindikira ngati luso luso monga ntchito katswiri. Mumadziwika ndakatulo ndiye adjoined ku makamaka malangizo zolembalemba ndi kulemba nyimbo zawo mogwirizana ndi dongosolo la malamulo otaya. Kusiyana chachikulu pakati pa ndakatulo za chi kuchokera ndakatulo yapita tsopano mwalamulo m'gulu andakatulo mu moyo zolembalemba, anakhala kumbali ya ina msasa maganizo. Ambiri amadziwika ndakatulo, monga Lomonosov, Sumarokov, Byron, Hugo, ndakatulo anakhala oyambitsa mafunde osiyana.

mzaka zana makumi awiri

M'nthawi imeneyi moyo ndakatulo kakusintha kusintha achikhazikitso, omwe chifukwa cha nkhondo za dziko lonse, kugwa maufumu, kusintha. The olemba unachoka mitundu chakale cha Mawu a maganizo awo kwathunthu anasiya maganizo akale, nkhani. Mavesi a akuyimba la zoyambirira ndi pakati pa zaka zino ophiphiritsa osiyana, umboni, kawirikawiri ntchito neologisms. Chotero ndakatulo malangizo, monga ophiphiritsa, Acmeism, futurism, zasintha moyo mabuku a dziko.

Mu ndakatulo iyi atumwi, komanso m'zaka yapita, adjoined malo osiyana, koma kusiyana ndi kuti tsopano iwo mwanjira anayamba kuyang'ana luso lake. Tsopano iwo ankaona kuti ntchito yaikulu - zosinthika mabuku ndi mitundu yatsopano ndi wokhutira. Ndipo kokha mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zana sukulu malo chakale kachiwiri anatenga malo ake mu moyo zolembalemba. Pachikhalidwe Komabe, amaganiza kuti zaka woyimba - izo ndi za m'ma 19, ndi mawu inakwaniritsidwa pa Western lyric European.