Alexander Afanasyev ndi ntchito zake

Kodi mabuku kuwerenga pafupifupi filimu? Kumene, nkhani. Izi ndi nkhani yoyamba, yomwe mukawauza makolo kwa ana awo. Awa, ife wachotsa maphunziro oyamba: wabwino ndi wamphamvu kuposa zoipa, nthawi zonse Umapeza. Ndipo ngakhale njira zina nelogok, koma simungathe kusiya ndi kukhulupirira mwa iwo okha ndi mphamvu zawo. Anzeru, ndi zabwino nthano - ndi dziko yaikulu, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa mwana m'masiku oyambirira a moyo.

Iye akuphunzira ndikuganiza, kusiyanitsa chabwino ndi choipa, kuti aone zochita za anthu otchulidwa nthano. Nkhani za kukonzekera mwana moyo wamkulu, amaphunzitsidwa mmene zinthu dziko lalikulu. Pankhani ya nthano, n'kosatheka kukumbukira lalikulu "nthano" - Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev, chifukwa ife popanda izo ndi sanamuzindikire aliyense "mpiru" kapena "Nkhuku Ryaba" kapena "bun".

ntchito

Afanasev dzina lake Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1826-1871) anabadwa mu dera Voronezh, mzinda wa Boguchar. Bambo anga ankagwira ntchito monga loya ndi Chotero, anayesa ana awo maphunziro abwino. Nditamaliza sukulu yapamwamba Voronezh Afanasiev anatumizidwa ku Moscow, kumene iye analowa yunivesite. Atamaliza maphunzirowo, limaphunzitsa mabuku ndi mbiri Russian, ndipo patatha chaka analowa utumiki mu nkhokwe ya.

Mwina zaka za ntchito mu Archive akhala zibereke kwambiri ulemu kulenga. Kumeneko anakumana ndi chiwerengero cha zikalata za mtengo mbiri, koma kufikako ambiri. Afanasiev limafalitsa magazini "The zolemba bibliographic," ndipo anaona zipangizo kuwala kugwirizana ndi ntchito ya otchuka Russian anzeru, olemba ndi ndakatulo. Alexander Afanasyev analemba kwambiri, amachita ngati kafukufuku mtolankhani. Ndi limodzi mwa mabuku ochepa a zaka izi:

• "N. Novikov. "
• "Russian buku malonda."
• "Zotengera Cantemir".
• "The polemics zolembalemba Mu zaka zapitazo."

Chinachake chimene chikanakhoza sati lofalitsidwa mu Russia, zinatumizidwa akunja anaonekera mu London mu anthology "kumalo ozizira Star", wina wa ofalitsa amene anali Russian chosintha A. I. Gertsen. Mu 1862, Afanasyeva anachotsedwa utumiki, mlandu mogwirizana ndi okopa a London. Alexander Afanasyev popanda ntchito okhazikika anali zaka zingapo, ndipo mu 1865 anayamba Duma Wothandizira Mlembi, chimachititsa kuti udindo wa mlembi patapita zaka ziwiri. Great wolemba anamwalira ali ndi zaka 45 TB.

ntchito m'mbiri

Wokonda lalikulu la Kale, Afanasiev ikufotokoza zonse chikugwirizana ndi mbiri ya Russia, timafika pa buku lakale pamanja. Iye amakhala ntchito zambiri zoyenera mbiri ya Russia, anafalitsa iwo mu magazini "Contemporary" ( "State Farm pansi Peter Wamkulu", "Pskov Judicial hayala" ndi ena.). Iye analemba ndemanga mabuku mbiri mu buku la "Society of History ndi Antiquities" ku yunivesite. Ndi "Society of Okonda Literature", ikufotokoza yachokera, amalankhula ndi mabuku nkhani za chilengedwe cha mawu atsopano a anthu. Zikhalidwe zambiri kwambiri ndi chowawa pakuti Afanasiev anamaliza ndi lofalitsidwa ndi ntchito yaikulu ya moyo wake - ". Malingaliro a ndakatulo pa chikhalidwe cha Asilavo"

ntchito zolembalemba

Popeza 1850, Alexander Afanasiev ndi anazimitsa kwathunthu pa kafukufuku zokhudzana ndi nthano nthano ndi ethnography anthu. maphunziro ake ndi a mtengo wapatali. Iye amatipatsa kale kutali, chiyambi cha chinenero chamakono. Kumabweretsa pa misa waukulu miyambo yakale, zikhulupiriro, folklore ndi mafanizo mabuku Asilavo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, lofalitsidwa mu mabuku ambiri, nkhani zoposa 60, kuphatikizapo:

• "Agogo nyumba" kafukufuku pa nthano.
• "Tchire ndi Mfiti."
• "Zoomorphic milungu ya Asilavo."
• "Mawu ochepa za ubale wa chinenero ndi zikhulupiriro wowerengeka."
• "Miyambo yachikunja pachilumba cha Buyan".
• "Russian satirical magazini 1769-1774 gg.".

nkhani Russian wowerengeka

Pa changu ndi Afanasyev analemba nkhani Russian katswiri ndi ethnographer Pypin A. N. Mu review wa Baibulo loyambirira la nthano, anaona kuti kufanizitsa fairytale amajambulapo maluwa okongola Afanasiev ndi chizindikiro bwino. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo anadzudzula iye zimene wolemba akuyesera kupereka zinthu zing'onozing'ono Pofotokoza lanthano. Chernyshevsky ng ananenanso izi, koma anawonjezera kuti ife sitingakhoze kugwirizana ndi mfundo Afanasyev.

otsutsa ambiri a Alexander Afanasyev ananena kuti nthano - sayansi chomwecho, ndi yokhayo mungakhale yolenganso chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha masiku akale pamene pang'ono amaphunzira. Iye anati nthano, nthano nthano ndi limodzi kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ya mtunduwu. nthano zambiri tikuyesera chikugwirizana ndi zochitika za chilengedwe zomwe sitingazilongole, amene kamodzinso akutsimikiza tanthauzo lake lanthano. Kusamvetsetsa otsutsa mtengo sayansi kafukufuku pa nthano anali odziwa Afanasyev chopweteka.

Chigawo choyambachi nthano

Afanasyev Nsanja ya nthano mu zinthu zimenezo - mtundu wa feat. Iye analembera kalata mkonzi wa "Mfundo za Lathu" ndipo akupempha kuti mu Nsanja ya nkhani wowerengeka. Iye anafotokoza chitsanzo cha Abale Grimm, zomwe ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali lidziwe chidwi. Koma nkhani magazini ndi sanawonekere ngati buku, umene panthawi imeneyo wogwidwa Afanasiev, kutali kuposa mphamvu wa magaziniyo.

Mu 1952, Russian Society Geographical amatumiza Afanasyev mndandanda wa nkhani, amene anali yachokera wake. Ndi nthawi pa kutaya wolemba wakhala za 1000 maphwando a nkhani anatchula izo Dalem V. I. zipangizo zonsezi zimafunika kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, monga anasonkhana ndi anthu osiyana, ndi osiyana khalidwe kujambula, ndi kalembedwe. Mu 1855 anafalitsa Baibulo loyambirira la "nkhani Russian wowerengeka."

nkhani kunja Aleksandra Afanaseva zimatulutsa angapo. A okwana nkhani eyiti zinalembedwa oposa 600 zinthu. Iye anasankha kufalitsa maphwando a ana chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani. Zinali ndiye kuti owerenga koyamba ndi Koshcheev ndi Baba Yaga, anaphunzira za Firebird ndi Kolobok anamva za Palace Small ndi Mary Morevna. Izi yaikulu pa nthawi yosonkhanitsa nthano m'dziko.

gulu la nthano

Pamene kukonzekera zina mwa nkhani Afanasiev ndinaganiza ndipo m'kagulu izo. Kugawa nkhani mkati magulu a: nkhani yaikulu, m'nthano, chirombo nthano, nkhani mfiti ndi mitembo, nkhani banja zoseketsa. Kenako pambuyo pa imfa yake, angapo wosalira gulu: nkhani nyama, umoyo ndi zamatsenga-Fi. Koma amatsatira mfundo amene analenga Alexander Afanasyev.

Books sanathe chifukwa kusakhutira la atsogoleri achipembedzo komanso akuluakulu. Kufufuza kwambiri ziletsa ntchito Afanasiev. Panthawiyi ku Geneva ali anamasulidwa magulu "nkhani Wofunika" kuvala antichurch ndi khalidwe antibarsky. Yofalitsa zopereka Afanasyeva - chochitika chachikulu mu moyo chikhalidwe ndi sayansi Russia. Atatuluka, ambiri otsutsa otchuka ndi otsutsa mabuku a nthawi anali ndemanga.

Woletsedwawo nkhani Afanasyev

Kuwonjezera pa maphwando a nkhani ana, Afanasyev ali wa mndandanda wa nkhani akuluakulu, linatuluka mu Geneva. "Russian wowerengeka nkhani osati buku" Zosonkhanitsira "nkhani, nthano ndi mafanizo" komanso inaletsedwa ku Russia ndi lofalitsidwa kunja. Akuluakulu aona motsogozedwa wokhutira wa maganizo oipa. Pamafunikanso Mabuku a dyera, kupusa, mdierekezi, mizukwa nthano ndi mizimu yoipa. chofunika kwambiri mfundo za choonadi chamtengo wa gulu la anthu.

M'zaka za kufufuza chizunzo zopereka zambiri pansi mayina osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, nthano ndi okhutira kumbali lofalitsidwa pansi udindo: "Balamu. Chaka obscurantism. " Bukuli lalembedwa yoletsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu Russia, anadza kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1997. A wokhometsa zotchuka folklore limabweretsa mabuku ambiri lofalitsidwa mu nthawi ino.

Choncho, nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi ntchito yofanana wathu, amene analemba buku la "zone kachilombo". Alexander Afanasyev - wolemba chi kulemba zigaŵenga za mtundu wanyimbo. Koma ntchito yake mu zosatheka kugwirizana ndi nkhani ya Dzina kwambiri, amene anapereka moyo wake kwa kusonkhanitsa folklore. Total Kutolere Afanaseva Aleksandra Nikolaevicha ndi zikwi ziwiri nkhani. Iye analowa mbiri ya chikhalidwe Russian monga wofalitsa woyamba wa chopereka zongopeka wowerengeka.