"Nthano ya makedzana Zaka": a mtundu wanyimbo, compositional ndi stylistic apachiyambi

Polemba chinenero "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" amatanthauziridwa mbiri, ndi wamkulu. Pali Mabaibulo atatu a izo, zokhudza 1113, 1116, ndi zaka 1118. woyamba anali mlembi wa Nestor, wachiwiri - pa abbot Sylvester, ntchito imene imachitika ndi pempho Vladimira Monomaha. sikunali kotheka kukhazikitsa kope chachitatu cha Mlengi, koma ife tikudziwa kuti chinali choti Mstislav Vladimirovich.

Old Russian dongosolo mabuku mtundu wanyimbo

Old Russian mabuku imakhala ya kum'mwera awiri - Mitundu ya Mabuku ndi achipembedzo. Lachiwiri zambiri anatseka ndipo zikuphatikizapo Malemba moyo ndi kuyenda, ndipo aphunzitsiwo chachikulu oratory. Mitundu ya Mabuku a anapereka mabuku nkhondo ndi mbiri amakufotokozerani zochitika m'mbiri chaka ndi chaka. Ndi kufanana ena ku chronograph Byzantine. Komabe, pamene kupanga "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", ndi mtundu wanyimbo chronograph alembi Russian sanali. Iwo anali katswiri pa nthawi.

"Nthano ya makedzana Zaka": mtundu wanyimbo

Wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev analemba za enfilade, kapena gulu loyimba, chikhalidwe cha pomanga zipilala kulemba wakale. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha pafupifupi onse ntchito zolembedwa m'nyengo ya Kievan Lazaro - payokha anatengedwa lemba akuganiza kuti zingakhale lotseguka kwa kulolerana magwero ena. Choncho pamene ntchito kumafuna "kusankha mtundu wanyimbo la" The nthano ya makedzana Zaka "," kukumbukira kuti zimene zikuphatikizapo:

• Mapangano (mwachitsanzo, Chirasha Byzantine 1907);
• Miyoyo ya Oyera - Boris ndi Gleb, Feodosiya Pecherskogo ;
• "Nzeru zapamwamba Izi" ndi malemba ena.

Nkhani amene ali ndi magwero wowerengeka kutchulidwa (mwachitsanzo, nkhani ya imfa ya Oleg, nkhani ya momwe mnyamata-Kozhemyaka anagonjetsa Pecheneg ngwazi), komanso chibadidwe m'mbiri ya "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka". Kodi polemba chinenero cha ntchito zimenezi? Iwo ali ngati nthano kapena nthano. Komanso, amafotokoza za otchedwa mbali nkhani za milandu imene kalonga - ngati Cornflower glare. Choyamba mu mtundu wanyimbo m'maganizo awo wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev.

Onani kuti "gulu loyimba" zosiyanasiyana sizimapanga ndi mtundu wanyimbo a "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" chinachake osamveka, ndi chipilala - losavuta mndandanda wa malemba mwachisawawa.

limatchula za

Waukulu mayunitsi compositional za "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" ndi nkhani nyengo, kuyambira ndi mawu "M'chaka ...". Izi mbiri yakale amasiyana chronographs Byzantine amene kufotokoza zochitika za masiku akale monga gawo la mbiri kutenga si chaka, ndi ulamuliro wa wolamulirayo. Nkhani Weather anawagawa m'magulu awiri. Choyamba ndi otchedwa malipoti nyengo kuti adani ina zinachitikadi. Motero, zili kwa nkhaniyi kwa 1020 okha kuti uthenga wina: Yaroslav mwana wamwamuna dzina lake Vladimir. Makamaka zambiri mauthenga anaona m'mbiri Kiev wa XII atumwi.

Mosiyana, izo Mbiri nkhani osati kudziwitsa za chochitika, komanso amati kafotokozedwe, nthawi zina mwatsatanetsatane. wolemba mwina amaona kuti m'pofunika kukhazikitsa amene anapita kunkhondo, kumene kunachitika, kodi zotsatira zake. Pankhaniyi, chotero kulanda chiwembu linachokera nyengo ija.

epic kalembedwe

Wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev, kufufuza "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", mtundu wanyimbo ndi compositional m'maganizo a chipilala ali ndi delineation za masitaelo yaikulu ndi yadzaoneni. Yotsirizira makamaka khalidwe la mbali ya amafotokoza "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka", ndi mtundu wanyimbo amene limanenedwa ngati nkhani asilikali. Yadzaoneni kalembedwe wogwirizana kwambiri ndi folklore pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi tingaphunzire kuchokera kumeneko. A chitsanzo chapadera - ndi Mfumukazi Olga, ankaimira m'mbiri ya anabwezera. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo zambiri zimathandizadi (monga momwe anayerekezera zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zilembo wakale mabuku).

kalembedwe yaikulu

Yaikulu kalembedwe historicism ndi kiyi osati kuti Nkhani chipilala wakale, koma mabuku lonse la Kievan Lazaro. Izo kumaonekera makamaka mu chifanizo cha zilembo. Mbiri alibe chidwi ndi moyo wawo paokha komanso anthu amene ali kunja kwa ubale ang'onoang'ono. Munthu chidwi ndi wolemba akale monga nthumwi ya ina chilengedwe chikhalidwe. Iwo nawonso anakopeka ndi makhalidwe a khalidwe, ndilo noticeable gawo la idealization. Canon limakhala lingaliro kwambiri chifukwa "The nthano ...". Choncho, kalonga aliyense otchulidwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, osadziwa kulimbana wauzimu. Anaona, anzeru ndipo ali ndi kumuwombera wodzipereka. M'malo mwake, mtsogoleri wa mpingo ndi moyo ayenera kukhala achipembedzo, omvera kutsatira malamulo a Mulungu.

Mbiri osadziwika kuwerenga maganizo a anthu otchulidwa wake. Mlembi akale analibe Mofulumira, kunena za khalidwe "zabwino" kapena "oipa" ndi mafano zovuta ndiponso zotsutsana, bwino kwa ife mabuku mungakumane.