Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky: zilandiridwenso ndi yonena

Losagonjetseka - izi mwina tanthauzo zabwino za khalidwe la injiniya ndi wolemba. Garin-Mikhailovsky zonse kwathunthu anaika, akunena zimene iye anali kuchita.

ubwana

Iye anabadwa mu 1852 m'banja lolemera lolemera. Atate - Georgiy Antonovich Mihaylovsky mu nkhondo pa kumuukira anavulazidwa ndi kupereka kwa kulimba mtima. Pa pantchito yake, iye anakakhala ku Odessa. Wake woyamba Nicky godfather anali Nicholas I. mayi wake Glafira Nikolaevna anali noblewoman chiyambi Chisebiya. The mnyamata anakula wokongola, mokondwera, koma mosangalatsa kwambiri ndi nimble pa phiri yokha.

Nthawi ndi nthawi iye anaswa malangizo a bambo ake, amene anali kukonda kwambiri ndipo mopupuluma bambo ananyamula lamba. Wolemba tsogolo Garin-Mikhailovsky kusukulu Richelieu sukulu. Izo zonse akakula kutchulidwa magawo awiri a tetralogy kuti: "Tema Childhood" ndi "sukulu". Pafupifupi mmodzi wa anthu awa ali ndi zinachitika kwenikweni. zaka makumi anai okha anamaliza woyamba mbiri buku Garin-Mikhailovsky "Tema Childhood." Iye analemba ntchito zake mu m'kupita, tinganene, "pa maondo ake", kumene kuli kofunikira. Koma kuwerenga, inu osaganizira.

achinyamata

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale Garin-Mikhailovsky waganiza kukhala loya anapita ku yunivesite. Koma patapita chaka kumulakalaka chimtsogolera ku Institute of Kulumikizana. Zinali bwino yaikulu yekha ndi anthu. Kenako, Garin-Mikhailovsky adzakhala luso injiniya-ogwira ntchito. Padakali pano, mu Bessarabia ntchito ophunzira yozimitsa moto. Koma pamene anamaliza maphunziro ake, iye amapeza malangizo Bulgaria kenako nawo pomanga msewu Chigalashiya Bandar. ntchito zomangamanga wofunafuna ali kwambiri chidwi ndi Nicholas G .. Komanso, panali ndalama bwino. Komanso mu 1879, iye mosangalala kwambiri kukwatira Nadezhda Valerevna Charykova (iwo anali ndi ana khumi ndi atatu anatengera). The ukwati chikuchitika mu Odessa, ndi madzulo kuphunzitsa kuti banjali lili ndi kudzachotsa kuti St. Petersburg. Koma mokondwera ndi phokoso banja pasadakhale Michael amatenga maola, ndi achinyamata mochedwa sitima ndi kusiya m'mawa. Ndipo nanga bwanji izi zinali nthabwala ndi kuseka! Mu St. Petersburg, pepala ntchito mu utumiki sindimakonda Mikhailovsky. Choncho anali osangalala kubwerera ku ntchito. Kumanga njanji gawo Batoum-Samtredia. ntchito ndi yoopsa kwambiri - kubisala mu nkhalango ya gulu la achifwamba ndipo antchito kuukira. Ndiye, izo anasamutsidwa ndi kutumikiridwa Baku bwana gawo Transcaucasian sitima. Kumapeto kwa 1882, wachiwiri, powona chivundi, ziphuphu, iye wasiya, ngakhale kutikonda kwambiri za ntchito ya zomangamanga-wofunafuna.

Gundurovka (1883-1886)

Ng Garin-Mikhailovsky zimapangitsa chuma m'chigawo Samara, komwe chuma kupita kulenga, zimene zingakuthandizeni kulera zokolola, akufuna kuthetsa kulaks. populists malingaliro kuti atagonjetsa chikumbumtima chake. Koma katatu wayandikira kwa chuma chake "tambala wofiira". mphero anawonongedwa, thresher, ndipo potsiriza, mbewu lonse. Iye anali pafupifupi adatayika ndipo anaganiza zobwerera ku ntchito ya injiniya. Mu Gundurovke anakhala zaka ziwiri ndi theka.

Engineering ntchito

Mu 1886 anabwerera ku ntchito wake wokondedwa. Ankachititsa kafukufuku pa Malo Urals "Ufa-Zlatoust". Banja ankakhala kuti nthawi Ufa. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha pa Trans-Siberia Railway. Iye ankagwira ntchito zachuma, ndipo chotsatira chake chinali chachikulu kupulumutsiramo - 60% ya ndalama iliyonse mtunda. Koma ntchitoyi anali kugumula ndi nkhondo. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapitiriza ntchito yake zolembalemba, analemba za mbiri imeneyi nkhani "Yankho". Mikhailovsky anayambitsa Stanyukovicha ndi chaputala choyamba cha buku "Tema Childhood", umene lilili inafalitsidwa mu 1892. Komanso Mbali nkhani afalitsidwa za mudzi, amenenso bwino. Mu 1893, anafalitsa nkhani "Ulendo kwa Moon." Koma pa mtima ndi kuchita icho chinali sitima injiniya.

ntchito yothandiza

Iye anapitiriza ake nthawi zonse. Koma anali chilemetso cha chikondi. St. Michael wayenda lonse la chigawo Siberia, Samara, anapita Korea ndi Manchuria, kufufuza kuthekera kwa nyumba kumeneko. Chidwi analowa nkhani "Mu Korea, Manchuria ndi Liaodong Peninsula." Ndinkamuchezera China, Japan, ndipo anafika mu Hawaii kudzera San Francisco. Sitima yapamtunda kudutsa mayiko onse ndi kubwerera ku London, adatulutsa pa njira Paris. Mu 1902 anafalitsa nkhani "Padziko Lonse".

anthu otchuka

Iye anatchuka kwambiri munthu likulu, ndipo monga apaulendo komanso wolemba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anaitanidwa kuti Nicholas II. Iye anayenda shyly nabwera alikuthedwa nzeru. Mafunso adamfunsa Mfumu, anali osavuta kumva, ndipo anayankhula za maganizo yochepa kufunsa.

moyo zolembalemba

Anali kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi magazini. Kale kusindikiza "Childhood Tema" ndi "sukulu" ndi "Ophunzira". Ntchito "yosinthira". Pamsonkhano madzulo, "mthenga wa moyo," iye atamwalira. Katundu Iye anali sindikanakhoza kupirira mtima. Iye anali ndi zaka 54.

Wachisoni November m'mawa Petersburg limodzi ndi Garin-Mikhailovsky womaliza ulendo mu Volkov manda. Ndalama maliro sikokwanira. Ine ndinali kusonkhanitsa muzimvetsera.

m'buku la moyo

Kuchokera "Childhood Tema" anayamba yonena za wolemba Garin. alias penepi, Yezu akwata m'malo mwa mwana wake Harry. Koma zonse ife kulitcha kuti woyambitsa Garin-Mikhailovsky. Chidule - yowala ndi wangwiro kukumbukira kasupe wa mwana. Ikulu zazikulu kunja kwa mzinda wa mzinda waukulu kum'mwera ndi moyandikana "ganyu pabwalo", umene anausiya osauka, kumene dothi ndi fumbi, ofanana ndi osauka serf ana magemu pranks, akudutsa ubwana wake Tema - kanthu ngati babache kumene ubwana Nikolai Mikhailovich. Childhood Tema Kartasheva wokondwa, koma ayi mitambo. Atate wake Kusamvetsa kwambiri kuwawa moyo wosakhwima mwanayo. Ang'onoang'ono Tema mavuto, kuopa bambo nkhanza ndi okhwima kuyankha owerenga ndi ululu moyo. A tcheru ndi womveka moyo Tema amayi amakonda chikomokere mopupuluma ndipo n'zaka mwana wake ndi chifukwa chotani, kuteteza iye ku njira yolera atate wake - opanda chifundo lotsatira. Owerenga mboni ankhanza Kuphedwa nkhanza mantha kuti chimadzaza moyo wa mayi. The mwana inasanduka achisoni mnyamata wina. Iye anakudzula ulemu kwa anthu. Kupambana ndi zolephera zinachitikira kuphunzitsa ndi zogwirizana mu nthawi yathu, mapulogalamu awo Garin-Mikhailovsky ( "Tema Childhood"). Chidule - ichi ndi mzimu wa umunthu, kulemekeza umunthu wa mwanayo - ndizosowa maphunziro demokalase. Kochititsa imfa ya atate wa mwana anamaliza ubwana wake, ndi kwanthawizonse adakumbukira mawu ake otsiriza: ". Ngati inu konse ndi mfumuyo, ineyo akutemberera inu ku manda"

Mlembi wa tetralogy, ndi ntchito zina zambiri anali munthu anakhazikitsa kukhudzidwa demokalase pafupi Marxism. Iye anadzazidwa ndi kugula kuunika kwa anthu, chabwino, moyo.