Viktor Petrovich Astafev - Wambiri. Zilandiridwenso, chikondi, zithunzi

Ambiri a ife tikukumbukira ntchito za Victor Petrovich Astafieva maphunziro kusukulu. Izi nkhani nkhondo, ndi mbiri ya moyo yovuta m'mudzi wa m'mphawi Russian, ndi mawunikidwe pa malo pambuyo pa zochitika za nkhondo mu dzikolo. Ndithu wolemba dziko anali Viktor Petrovich Astafev! mbiri yake - chitsanzo omveka a mazunzo ndi womvetsa chisoni alipo munthu wamba m'nyengo ya Stalinism. Mu ntchito zake anthu Russian limaoneka osati mu mawonekedwe a ngwazi wamphamvu zonse mayiko, amene angathe kupirira mavuto alionse ndi imfa, monga anatengedwa kuimira pa nthawi. wolemba anasonyeza nkobvuta chimtolo cha nkhondo ndi ulamuliro wankhanza boma kuti anapambana pa nthawi imeneyo ku dziko, kwa Russian wamba yosavuta.

Viktor Astafjevs: yonena

Anabadwa wolemba May 1, 1924 m'chigawo Krasnodar, m'mudzi wa oatmeal m'dera Soviet. Komanso anadutsa ubwana wa wolemba. awisi, Peter Pavlovich Astafjevs ndi amake, Lydia Ilinichna Potylitsyn anali wamba, anali ndi chuma amphamvu. Koma mu nthawi ya collectivization banja anagonjetsa. aakazi awiri aja Peter Pavlovich ndi Lydia Ilinichny anamwalira ali wakhanda. Victor posachedwa opanda makolo. bambo ake anali atamangidwa "zonyoza zimayenda." Mayi anamira mu Yenisei, pamene anali ndi zaka 7. Zinali ngozi. Bwato limene Lydia Ilinichna mwa ena anasambira mtsinje akakumana ndi mwamuna wake mu ndende, linatembenuzika. Iye anagwa mu madzi, mkazi anagwira oblique kwa Bon mbazimala kufa m'madzi. Pambuyo pa imfa ya makolo ake mnyamata anakulira m'banja la agogo. Link kulemba mwana analawira. Kenako, monga wolemba, Astafjevs mmene agogo anga Katherine anamutcha iye "vrushey" chifukwa m'maganizo chosaneneka. Moyo pa mnyamata ankaoneka nthano. Iye anali yekhayo yowala chokumbukira ubwana wake. Zitachitika, ndi sukulu Victor ananditumiza ku sukulu yogonera komweko m'mudzi wa Igarka. Kumeneko iye anakhala moyo wovuta. The mnyamata zambiri besprizornichal. Mphunzitsi Khirisimasi chiphaso Ignatius mwaona ophunzira kukhumba kuwerenga. Iye anayesera kulongosola. Ankalemba mnyamata za m'nyanja amalikonda kenako adzatchedwa wosafa ntchito yake "Vasyutkin nyanja" pamene anayamba wolemba wotchuka. Titamaliza a kalasi ndi chimodzi sekondale, Victor atadza pa FZO sitima sukulu. Iye anamaliza mu 1942.

akula

Pambuyo pake, mnyamata ena nthawi ntchito pa siteshoni Phunzitsani wopanga pafupi ndi mzinda wa Krasnoyarsk. Nkhondo kwasintha moyo wake. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha yemweyo, mu 1942, anadzipereka kutsogolo. Pano iye anali, ndipo artrazvedchikom, ndi dalaivala ndi signalman. Viktor Astafjevs anamenyera Poland, Ukraine, kumenyana pa Kursk. Pa kumenyanako, iye anali kwambiri molasidwa ndi chigoba kwambiri. zochuluka ake ankhondo anapatsidwa mendulo "Pakuti Mtima", "Pakuti kumasulidwa kwa Poland", "kugonjetsa Germany" ndi dongosolo la Red Star. Pambuyo demobilization mu 1945 mu Urals Chusovoy zikukhazikitsa Viktor Petrovich Astafev. yonena wake anali kuchita wozungulira latsopano. Umayamba wina, moyo wamtendere. Apa iye akubweretsa ndi mkazi wake, amene anadzatchedwa wolemba - M. S. Koryakinu. Iwo anali anthu osiyana kwambiri. Mozungulira Victor nthawi analenjekeka akazi. Zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri munthu. Amadziwika kuti ali ndi ana aakazi awiri apathengo. mkazi wake nsanje, Maria. Analota kuti mwamuna wake anali wokhulupirika kwa banja. Apa, Chusovoy, Victor zimatengera pa ntchito iliyonse kudyetsa ana awo. Ukwati adabalwa atatu a iwo. Akulu mtsikana Maria ndi Victor anataya. Iye anali miyezi yochepa anamwalira m'chipatala dyspepsia kwambiri. Izi zinachitika mu 1947. Ndipo mu 1948, Astafieva mwana wachiwiri anabadwa, imene inkatchedwa Ira. Patatha zaka 2 m'banja iye anali mwana Andrew. Ana Viktor Petrovich Astafieva akhakula pa mavuto. Chifukwa ukupeza, kuonongedwa ndi nkhondo, wolembayo tsogolo sanathenso kubwerera ku zapaderazi wake, anakonza maphunziro fakitale. Chusovoy iye ankayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika ndi makaniko, ndi Komatsu, ndi foundry pa fakitale kumeneko komanso makina ochapira mitembo pa fakitale soseji, ndi mmisiri wamatabwa zofikira lapansi.

Chiyambi cha njira kulenga

Kulemba ntchito akadali ikukhudza ambuye tsogolo la mawu. Apa, Chusovoy anapita ku bwalo zolembalemba. Umu ndi mmene amakumbukira Viktor Petrovich Astafev. mbiri yake yaing'ono yotchedwa, kotero owerenga zofunika mwatsatanetsatane chilichonse chogwirizana ndi moyo wake ndi zilandiridwenso. "Mtima wofuna kulemba, ndinali mwamsanga. Ine ndikukumbukira bwino kwambiri, nthawi imeneyo, pamene ndinapita ku bwalo la zolembalemba, chifukwa chogulitsa wina kuwerenga nkhani yake yatsopano olembedwa. Zojambula Ndinazindikira ndi artificiality ake, unnaturalness. Ndinachichotsera ndipo analemba nkhani. Zinali chilengedwe changa choyamba. Ndikukondwera ikunenedwa anzake nkhondo "- analankhula za wolemba wake kuwonekera koyamba kugulu. Dzina la mankhwala choyamba - "munthu wamba". "Mmisiri Chusovoi" linasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala mu 1951, izo ziri. Nkhaniyo opambana. Zaka zinayi, wolemba ndi bwenzi zolembalemba m'magazini kulisindikiza. Mu 1953, mu mzinda wa Perm, deta yake yoyamba ya nkhani yochepa lotchedwa "Mpaka kasupe lotsatira." Ndipo mu 1958 Astafjevs analemba buku "Ankagawana Snow" imene anatsindika mavuto a kumidzi gulu ulimiwu. Posakhalitsa, chigawo chachiwiri cha nkhani yochepa lotchedwa "Kuwala" anamasulidwa Viktor Astafjevs. "Nkhani ana" - anafotokoza wolemba chilengedwe chake.

Nthano "Starodub". Inasintha Wolemba

Viktor Astafjevs imatengedwa omva anaphunzitsa. Maphunziro monga iye sanapeze, koma nthawizonse ndayesera kusintha Luso awo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, wolemba mu zaka 1959-1961 kuphunzira pa maphunziro apamwamba mabuku Moscow. Magazini a Urals pa nthawi limafalitsa ntchito zake Viktor Petrovich Astafev, amene yonena chafotokozedwa pano. Mu iwo, wakweza vuto wokonda mapangidwe munthu, kukula ndi mavuto 30s, 40s. Izi ndi nkhani ngati "Kuba", "Last Uta", "Penapake nkhondo maseche" ndi ena. Dziwani kuti ambiri a iwo autobiographical. Apa ndi moyo powonekera ana amasiye, anapereka ku nkhanza zake zonse ndi dispossession osauka, ndi zina zambiri. Inasintha ntchito Astafieva anakhala buku lake "Starodub", wolembedwa mu 1959. Action izo zikuchitika mu msasawu wakale Siberia. Maganizo ndi miyambo ya Okhulupirira Old sanazichite chisoni Victor. malamulo nayonso, "chikhulupiriro chachilengedwe", malinga ndi wolemba, sumapulumutsa munthu kusungulumwa ndi kuthetsa kukanikiza mavuto. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito - imfa ya protagonist lapansi. dzanja la munthu wakufa m'malo makandulo - maluwa Starodub.

Astafjevs wa khalidwe Russian nkhaniyo "The msilikali ndi mayi"

Pamene mndandanda wa ntchito wolemba anayamba pa "khalidwe Russian dziko"? Malinga ndi otsutsa kwambiri zolembalemba, ndi nkhani Astaf'eva "msilikali ndi mayi." Pa waukulu chilengedwe khalidwe alibe dzina. Iwo ophatikizapo akazi onse Russian pa mtima amene anapambana "lolemera chitsulo gudumu nkhondo". Apa wolemba amalenga mitundu anthu amenewa kuti bwanji zenizeni awo, lodalirika, "tanthauzo lenileni." Zodabwitsa, ndi momwe bwinobwino mwini ku ntchito zake limasonyeza mavuto chowawa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe. Ndiwo, limene kudzoza kwa Astafev Viktor Petrovich - Wambiri. The yochepa buku la n'zokayikitsa atsitsimutse owerenga mtima reciprocal kumverera. Ndipo kotero ankaona zovuta wolemba mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Mutu wa nkhondo ntchito za Wolemba

Mu 1954 'anadza ankakonda mwana "ya wolemba. Iyi ndi nkhani "M'busa ndi m'busa." masiku 3 mbuye analemba asilikali a tsamba 120. Kenako iye basi opukutidwa malemba. Nkhani sanafune kusindikiza kalekale excised ku zidutswa wake wonse kuti sanalole kufufuza. Patapita zaka 15, wolemba anatha kumasula mu mawonekedwe pachiyambi. Pakati pa nkhani - nkhani ya mnyamata mkulu Boris Kostyaeva platoon, amene akukumana zoopsa za kunkhondo, koma amafa mabala ndi kutopa pa sitima kumunyamulira mmbuyo. chikondi mkazi sapulumutsa ndi mbali yaikulu. Mu nkhani wolemba zimapangitsa wowerenga chithunzi lowopsya la nkhondo ndi imfa imene iye amanyamula. Sikovuta kwambiri kuona chifukwa mankhwala sanafune tiyeni m'kuunika. Anthu amene anamenya nkhondo ndi akapambana nkhondo, ankakonda yosonyeza wamphamvu, wolimba, wosamva. Malinga ndi nkhani za mbuye, iye osati unakhota komanso kuwononga. Ndipo imfa ndi kulandidwa kwa anthu amavutika osati chifukwa Aisiraeli, amene anadza ku dziko lawo, komanso mwa chifuniro cha dongosolo opondereza ndi kugonjetsa mu dziko. Astafieva zilandiridwenso Victor kudzadza, ndi ntchito zina zokongola, monga "Sasha Lebedev", "Posasangalala kugona", "Manja mkazi", "India", "buluu kusanache", "Russian Daimondi", "Tsiku lina kumeneko" ndi ena.

Nthano "Ode Russian khitchini m'munda" - nyimbo wamba changu

Mu 1972, mankhwala ake lotsatira akumasula Astafev Viktor Petrovich. Wambiri, mwachidule Baibulo limene pano ndi chidwi kwambiri. Wolemba anakulira m'mudzi. Ankamuona mkati mpaka kunja. Iye sanali mlendo ndi mavuto ndiponso mavuto a anthu okhudzidwa ndi kumbuyo kusiya ntchito kuti ndi bwino kuti kuyambira ali mwana. Nthano "Ode Russian khitchini m'munda" - nchito ndi mtundu wa nyimbo za ntchito wamba. Wolemba E. Nosov anati: "Si inanenedwa ndi adayimba kuti ..." Pakuti m'mudzi mnyamata munda yosavuta - sikungokhudza malo mungapezeko "kudzaza mimba" ndipo dziko lonse wodzala ndi zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi. Ndi iyeyo ndi sukulu ya moyo, ndi Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Akamawerenga "Ode" sasiya Ndikumva chisoni kwa mogwirizana otaika ntchito zaulimi, zimene zimathandiza munthu kuona ubwenzi wopatsa moyo ndi chikhalidwe mayi.

Nkhani "Last Uta" Moyo m'mudzi

Wamba mutu wolemba Viktor Astafjevs kuchitikanso mu ntchito zake zina. Mmodzi wa iwo - mndandanda wa nkhani yochepa lotchedwa "Last Uta". Nkhani mwa munthu woyamba. Pakati pa chilengedwe cha wolemba - tsogolo la ana mudzi, amene ali mwana chinachitikira pamodzi ndi zaka 30s, pamene dziko anayamba collectivization ndi achinyamata - kuti "moto" 40 ndi. Tikumbukenso kuti zino nkhani analengedwa makumi awiri (kuchokera 1958 mpaka 1978.). Nkhani yoyamba osiyana m'nyimbo kufotokoza, wochenjera nthabwala. Ndipo mu nkhani yomaliza akuonekera bwino mtima wa wolemba mwamphamvu amukane dongosolo wowononga maziko dziko la moyo. Iwo anaomba zowawa ndi lotseguka mnyozo.

Nthano "Mfumu ya nsomba" - ulendo kudziko lakwawo

Mu ntchito zake, wolemba akufotokozera mutu wa kuteteza miyambo dziko. Lake nkhani yakuti "Mfumu ya nsomba", linatuluka mu kuwala mu 1976, ali pafupi mu mzimu kuzungulira kwa nkhani za moyo wakumudzi. Mu 2004 mu Krasnoyarsk anali chipilala polemekeza chikumbutso 80th la wolemba. Tsopano iye ndi mmodzi mwa zizindikiro za mzinda. Ndi nthawi bukhu linasindikizidwa kale kuzindikira ndi wolemba otchuka amakhala Viktor Astafjevs. Yerekezani izo - patsamba kutsogolo magazini zolembalemba. Kodi tinganene ponena za bukulo? Zokopa chidwi kudyetsa nkhani mankhwala. wolemba akupereka chithunzi cha chikhalidwe pristine, osafikiridwa ndi chitukuko, moyo wa anthu mu kuya kwa Siberia. Anthu amene makhalidwe abwino atayika, amene tithe akuchuluka kuledzera, poaching, kuba, kulimba mtima, ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

Nkhondo buku "Wotembereredwa ndi kuphedwa" - podzudzula Stalinism

Mu 1980 anasamukira kwawo - mu Krasnoyarsk - Viktor Astafjevs. Wambiri pano sizisintha kwa bwino. Zaka zingapo atasamukira mwadzidzidzi afa mwana Irina wolemba. Viktor ndi Maria Semenovna abweze ana ake, adzukulu ake Pauline ndi Vitya. Komano, izo ziri pano, kunyumba, pali mbuye kulenga mtima. Iye analemba ntchito monga "Zaberega" "Umboni Wopereŵera", "Premonition ayezi kulowerera," "Imfa," mutu wotsiriza "Last Uta" ndi ena. Apa iwo unalengedwa kunja kaundula wake wa nkhondo - buku "Wotembereredwa ndi kuphedwa". chilengedwe ichi cha wolemba chimasiyanitsa sharpness, categorical chilakolako. Kulemba Romana Astafev was linapereka boma Prize la Russia.

M'chaka cha 2001 unali wolemba nkhani wosafa amapha. Iye amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuchipatala. Awiri sitiroko masamba alibe chiyembekezo cha kuchira. Anzake anapempha Krasnoyarsk Council cha akuluakulu Regional pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka ndalama zochizira wolemba kunja. Kuphunzira nkhani umenewu wakhala mayesero a wolemba. Panalibe ndalama allocated. Madokotala, kufalitsa manja ake, mtima imatumizidwa kunyumba kufa. November 29, 2001, anafa Viktor Astafjevs. Mafilimu opangidwa kuchokera ku ntchito zake, ndipo lero ndi omvera chidwi kwambiri.