Nature nkhokwe ndi Parks National: Nature Reserve Sayano-Shushenskaya

nkhokwe zonse zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe otchuka pa ngodya zodabwitsa osafikiridwa, chikhalidwe pristine ndi zochititsa chidwi malo achilengedwe. Mu Sayano-Shushenskoye, ofanana chigwa, zidzasintha panolamiki maganizo. Zochitikazo woodland ovuta kufikako ndi ovuta phompho anatambasula pamodzi m'malire a Yenisei, padziko madzi amene apa ndi apo sakhoza kuona zilumba wochezeka. Local Sayan, Yenisei nkhanza, zikufanana kwambiri fjords Norway.

Malo a Reserve Sayano-Shushenskoye

M'dera Krasnoyarsk, kugombe la kumadzulo kwa Yenisei Mtsinje, pakati pa dera kufikako ndi zitunda kuwoloka miyala, gone Sayano-Shushenskaya Biosphere Reserve. Iye anaphimba gawo Sayansky Wamaliseche ndi m'mapiri, ndi mbali ya mapiri, ndipo anapanga Khemchiksky Kantegirskim zitunda.

Conservation m'dera pafupi Shushenskaya, Yermakovsky District ndi Republic of Tuva. Ku mudzi wa Shushenskoye kuti izo - makilomita 300. Reserve bungwe padziko wopangidwa ndi nyanja - pa Sayano-Shushenskoye posungira.

ntchito yake ndi kuwayang'anira mmene kuyesa padziko lonse m'chilengedwe zachilengedwe, kuwongola zoipa kuchokera kutuluka mu nyanja yokumba, kuteteza zachilengedwe zimadalirana wapadera ndi mmene masoka kwa zaka osauka, pa Western Sayan.

achilengedwe Kukongola

Reserve Sayano-Shushenskaya - m'mphepete pafupifupi chimanga chosakhwima zinthu zachilengedwe. Zingamvekere unamwali wildness ndi chikhalidwe malo achilengedwe. Malo apa ndi osiyanasiyana. Mdima coniferous nayonso pang'onopang'ono m'malo expanses gornostepnymi. malo amenewa zatenga pafupifupi 60% ya malo paki. M'dera kuli mwala placers, loaches ndi clumps miyala.

zimachititsa chilumbachi The chimakhala chogwidwa ndi khalidwe mitunda phiri. Pa thambo lalikulu kuti wokhawokha maekala 390.000, gone chachikulu phiri unyolo wa Western Sayan. Iwo aumbike Hemchinskim, Sayan, Kantegirskim, Idzhirskim ndi zitunda zina anawoloka miyala achikulire.

dongosolo madzi, amene ali malo a Sayano-Shushenskaya, anapanga capricious mitsinje phiri, glacial moraine-kusiya nyanja, m'dera madzi a Sayano-Shushenskoye posungira ndi mchere akasupe. Posungira ndi kumalo opangira magetsi ndi ambiri wogwila anayala pa kum'mawa kwa malo otetezedwa. M'dera la mtsinje ydyk Tyk-Khem, kumene inayambira, madzi pansi, Kutha ndi kutsuka osati miyala zovuta, anapanga lalikulu karst ming'alu, zimaphala ndi zigwa.

Flora

Sayano-Shushenskaya malo oteteza zachilengedwe, komanso nkhokwe ambiri chikhalidwe ndi zinyama, lili pa mphambano za m'madera floristic. Pakuti zomera wake khalidwe la mtundu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu kumpoto, kutsogozedwa zomera za dera Altai-Sayan, ndi kumwera - Central Asia. Osiyanasiyana anagwirizana zone pa Sayan Ridge.

nkhokwe ndi kukula zomera ku Red Book, relict zomera. Apa thambo kotero kuderako monga bluegrass ndi bluegrass Altai Krylov. makhalidwe abwino kwa kukula kwa catchment Borodin ndi anemone Yenisei ndi Baikal. Reserve nthaka yokutidwa ndi lumbago Bunge ndi Silene mopitirira muyezo.

Napeza wapatali mankhwala a zitsamba. mbawala zamphongo Siberia ndi golide muzu, amene anali pa zobvuta kutha pamaso malo lisanalengedwe Sayano-Shushenskaya, ndipo tsopano palibe chilichonse. zomera Relict ukufanizidwa pano Dahurian rhododendron ndi pakati chokhudza. Iwo anapezeka pa mphambano za m'dera kusamala oyenera kukula onunkhira woodruff fescue ndi Far East.

zomera

Sayano-Shushenskaya Biosphere Reserve omangika mdima nkhalango coniferous a mtundu nayonso. Apa kulamulira mkungudza, spruce ndi Oil. Katundu waukulu ikuchitika sredoformiruyuschuyu paini nkhalango - eni chuma wolemera chakudya chofunikira kwa moyo wa chinyama. Ambiri a mitundu nyama, palibe kusowa chakudya, kupanga madera akuluakulu a kachulukidwe anthu kuti ndi mkulu mokwanira.

Kusonkhezera Altai, Sayan ndi Mongolian zinyama anapereka chuma cha zinyama m'dera motetezera. Wapadera malo a Sayano-Shushenskaya anali malo a mitundu 50 ya nyama ndi mitundu 660 ya tizilombo. chikhalidwe chake anafika mitundu 15 ya nsomba ndi mitundu 4 zapoizoni. Nest apa ndi nkhuku. Iwo ali oposa 200 mitundu.

Chitetezo cha nyama

Reserve - mtundu wa malo, kumene kuyesera kuonjezera chiwerengero cha nyama zing'onozing'ono a mitengo yofunika kwambiri kusaka. Kachulukidwe m'madera sable, mink ndi wolverine akadali ang'ono. Mitengo litadzala ndi agologolo ndi amphaka, capercaillie, Hazel.

otetezedwa ndi gulu lapadera la nyama kawirikawiri ndi pangozi kupulumuka, anagwidwa Red Book wa tsamba. Apa ng'ombe ya nkhalango mphalapala a anthu Altai-Sayan, ndi mbuzi ya kumapiri muthu. Mu mapiri, akuponda mofewa kuzemba panyumba ogwirira agile - chisanu akambuku.

nyama zazikulu Sayano-Shushenskoye Reserve kuperekedwa ndi mimbulu, zimbalangondo ndi IRBIS. Pali maganizo oti ali kunyumba kwa anthu ena dhole. Wa ogawika-hoofed nyama zimapezeka gwape ndi roe nswala, agwape musk ndi mbuzi phiri, agwape ndi ena. Imagwedeza pa meadows wa Apolo wamba. Zambiri osiyanasiyana zomera mungu njuchi akalipentala.

Mbalame Biosphere Reserve

Mu mlengalenga, akuyandama, kuyang'ana nyama, ziwombankhanga ambiri ndi peregrine kabawi, saker chiwombankhanga ndi ospreys. A awiri wakuda dokowe chisa madambo wogontha komanso nkhalango phiri la wamtali. Demoiselle anakakhala mbali youma steppe. Kudzera mabwinja, ndi zigwembe, mu m'zigwa miyala phiri mwa nkhalango kwambiri akadzidzi kupanga nyumba zawo.

-Wakuda gull zisa, gulls lalikulu, atabalalika zilumba kumalo Sayano-Shushenskoye posungira. The m'madambo zimapezeka swans yaing'ono. mbalame wachisomo zisa zawo, zipinda zazikulu zokhala a tussocks Moss ndi sedge kapena pa zilumba youma kutali ndi nyanja.