Chiwundwa: tanthauzo, kamangidwe. ziwembu Chitsanzo cha zovala msewu misewu mzinda

Maonekedwe pamalo yachibadwa msewu, limene kayendedwe zoyendera Amabisa dongosolo zovuta zigawo zingapo. Aliyense wosanjikiza malamulo yake zipangizo, mbali ndi zolinga sayansi. Zoperekedwa ntchito Mkhalidwe zigawo zonse akhoza analandira otetezedwa ndi cholimba ❖ kuyanika. Ichi chidzakhala mwa msewu, omwe motero ndipamene zomangamanga zofunika kuti kayendedwe ka magalimoto.

Cholinga chenicheni cha m'misewu

Misewu maziko kaŵirikaŵiri kumachititsa phula simenti ndi simenti konkire. Nthawi zonse, makhalidwe zingasiyane binders, tuzigawo twa wosweka, mchenga ndi fillers ena. Kwenikweni, kapangidwe yomalizidwa ya zokutira akhoza ankamuona ngati miyala wathunthu. Khama amapereka akonzedwa wamba zigawo ❖ kuyanika, koma aliyense wosanjikiza amachita ngati osiyana zamakono chigawo zimene chipangizo amafuna wapadera. Kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwa ❖ kuyanika kofunika kupereka mavuto zinthu structural amapezeka voteji kwa magalimoto si khama mavuto oopsa kukonza. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zimenezi zimathandiza mawerengedwe nchito ya mbali mamangidwe omwe kupanga luso patsogolo ntchito msewu.

Kodi n'komwe mu kamangidwe ka pena paliponse?

ziwembu Chitsanzo tinapangidwa monga Kuphunzira chilengedwe chonse ndiponso kuti misewu ya m'matauni ndi dziko njinga. Zilibe kanthu, msewu uwu kapena msewu. Kukula ntchito atengedwa mu nkhani mlingo wa magalimoto osalimba, katundu ndi zipangizo za ntchito, katundu, zinthu hydrological ndi nthaka, ndi zina zokhudza ntchito za pamalo msewu ndi maziko. Mu sanali okhwima denga msewu anapereka ndi buku ka zigawo stacking. Makamaka, kamangidwe ka msewu owaka miyala ya mtundu umenewu umaphatikizapo mawerengedwe a kuchimwa kololeka chikuto akumane ku mawonedwe a zinthu zakunja nthawi ya chaka. Kusintha kuchimwa kuchita masamu malinga ndi makhalidwe zofanana - ndi modulus wa elasticity.

Komanso amaganizira kulimbikira zigawo chapamwamba dothi lapansi, chimene m'tsogolo adzakhala maziko. Pakuti ichi njira chizindikiro kutumikiridwa kukameta ubweya nkhawa phindu. Ngati mmodzi mwa zigawo za zopatuka mfundo mgwirizano mu mawu a kukameta ubweya zikhoza njira yotsalira mapindikidwe, dongosolo la miyala zingaphatikizepo kusintha zikuchokera powonjezera plasticizers latsopano ndi mbali luso kuti kumapangitsanso chinthu chimodzimodzi a m'munsi intaneti.

zosiyanasiyana m'misewu

Onse ziwembu ankaikira zovala msewu anawagawa m'magulu awiri - okhwima ndipo sanali okhwima. Mu chitsanzo ichi aliyense zida ndondomeko ❖ kuyanika zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito yeniyeni zizindikiro chinyezi, makulidwe, kukula kwa kachigawo mchenga, wosweka ndi katundu wonse wa m'munsi simenti-mchenga. Choncho, nthaka m'litali modulus malingana kapangidwe mwina avareji 300-500 kgf / masentimita ^2. Monga zosiyana n'zotheka zotsatira kapangidwe poganiza palibe chipangizo mchenga wosanjikiza kwa ngalande. Pankhaniyi, mapulani ikuchitika pavements si okhwima anaikira atagona mu mchenga loam nthaka ndi mchenga. The modulus wa elasticity wa chimango otere kufika 1200 makilogalamu / ^cm2. kamangidwe osiyana ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo ndondomeko. Izi zikhoza kukhala condensed awiri wosanjikiza zovala, ndi kuphimba kwa zigawo 5-6. Malinga momwe zachilengedwe ziriri ntchito ndi kutukula mukhoza kuwonjezera zigawo zina, monga ntchito insulator.

ziwembu Chitsanzo m'misewu

Mbali yofunika kwambiri pa kusintha kwa zomangamanga m'tauni ndi msewu. ❖ kuyanika ake imanenanso kuti mitundu ya m'misewu, koma kumene, ndi makhalidwe ena luso ndi ntchito, anaikira oyenda. Ntchito yomanga msewu mu zigawo zosiyana zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake, zinthu monga nyengo pa chivundikiro awo zimakhudza ochepa. Komabe, kapangidwe amaganizira gulu la msewu, cholinga chake, mphamvu ya oyenda, makhalidwe pansi m'litali, komanso maganizo a msewu kwa panjira ya. Muyezo mawonekedwe a dongosolo la miyala akhoza anazindikira mu nthaka analimbitsa ntchito phula ndi simenti slurries. Nthawi zina, ntchito mbale ceramic ndi phula, komanso ofooka pamaziko a miyala achilengedwe. Mu stacking uyu angathe kuchitidwa mu zigawo angapo monga momwe zilili ndi misewu ikuluikulu.

maziko m'misewu

Mwina ndi mbali yovuta kwambiri ya mamangidwe wonse kuyambira pali ntchito topcoat binder ndi nthaka, komanso kugawa katundu. Zochita ntchito chimango imapereka voteji dontho la mawilo amene amadza, posamutsa kuthekera mphamvu m'nthaka. Choncho, m'munsi likuvutika chivundikiro dziko amalenga mtundu wa mantha-kungolandira kwenikweni. Koma si nthawi zonse abwino m'misewu makhalidwe m'munsi, mwa mawu a chitetezo ku makhalidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, wosanjikiza m'munsi akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe mulingo woyenera kugwira ntchito, koma pansi zochita za madzi pang'onopang'ono lao. Komano, iye angasonyeze kukana zinthu nyengo, koma zoipa kuchita yogawa katundu. Kuti konza makhalidwe omanga osiyana olekanitsidwa ndi zigawo zinchito mu kapangidwe ka m'munsi a. Motero payokha kubala gawo ndi zigawo wothandiza. Mu dongosolo wotereyu basecoat ndi udindo kukana makina, ndi ❖ kuyanika zina chimodzimodzi kukana mpweya.

gawo pamwamba

Pamwamba akunja lilinso angapo ntchito yovuta, waukulu wa ndilo phwando mwachindunji katundu ku magalimoto. Direct kukhudzana amapezeka ndi ulemu kwa mpweya nyengo, kotero makhalidwe woteteza gawo chapamwamba angatchedwe konsekonse. Multifunctionality akunja ❖ kuyanika zimatheka chifukwa zigawo angapo monga momwe zilili ndi gawo m'munsi. Choncho kuti kuonjezera kukana kuti Ming'alu wosanjikiza ❖ kuyanika ntchito yapadera amene zikuchokera geotextile ndi geogrid, komanso kusinthidwa zikuphatikizapo cementing zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pamwamba pa msewu ali processing wapadera, amene amapulumutsa ❖ kuyanika ku chinyezi ndi chipale chofewa. Kuwonjezera makhalidwe zoteteza ankachita ndi kulimbikitsa katundu zomatira padziko. processing Special Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuonjezera roughness ndi kusintha misewu coupler ndi mawilo.

zigawo zina

Malinga ndi zikhalidwe opaleshoni padziko msewu zingakhudze zosiyanasiyana zinthu zoipa. Siyense kapangidwe muyezo akhoza kukumana katundu mkulu, amazionera kutentha, madzi ndi chikoka makina. Mwachitsanzo, pavements si okhwima ndi mphamvu kwambiri ngalande ndipo popanda adzikometsa zina mchenga, koma mphamvu zawo katundu kungafune amveke. Chifukwa zimenezi zimapangitsa wosanjikiza pakati pa chonyamulira gawo ndi zigawo chapamwamba, ndipo zigawo anaika ndondomeko interm polymeric filimu m'munsi nthaka.

Frost zosagwira wosanjikiza

Kumbali ya mavuto nyengo ndi yowononga chisanu. Protection pa opaleshoni vuto la kutentha subzero amapereka ntchito zipangizo granular, monga mchenga, mchenga ndi miyala, slag ndi makhalidwe. mtundu wa kutchinjiriza akhoza kuchita ndi maziko dothi limene m'misewu aumbike ndi zigawo m'munsi. Komabe, kuletsa yozizira koopsa m'dziko yophimba kakang'ono - izo wodzilemekeza anatsindika zinthu cementitious ndi n'chodabwitsa hydrophobed ndi zipangizo nepuchinistymi.

ngalande wosanjikiza

Technology zigawo za mtundu uwu ntchito m'madera ndi roadbed dothi nedreniruyuschego. Kulolerana kuvomerezedwa formations kumeneku kumaoneka m'madera ndi mvula zambiri. Ntchito yaikulu ya wosanjikiza ngalande ndi kuonetsetsa ngalande. Komanso, mmene dongosolo pavements msewu m'tawuni imene ngalande wosanjikiza ndi wachibale apamwamba kwa akuya yozizira koopsa ayenera kuchitidwa kokha kwa chisanu ndi cholimba zipangizo.

zopindika zamakono

Chodabwitsa owopsa yomwe ingathe kugwiritsa ntchito pachithunzichi wa chipangizo luso m'misewu amaonedwa ming'alu. Zikatero, pali chiopsezo cha chiwonongeko chotheratu cha nsalu ya makulidwe lonse la kukwaniritsika lakuthwa kapangidwe kupotoza mbiri. njira zochepa oopsa ukuchoka ndi zisamayoyoke, amene amati padziko kuwonongeka chifukwa flaking ndi imfa ya zinthu kumangako wa particles munthu wa kudzazidwa mchere. Zolakwika zina zodziwikiratu kuti mmene zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo dongosolo pavements amathanso imautsa mapangidwe maenje ndi kuwasintha. Mapangidwe lotseguka kuya kumatipatsanso nthaka athamangitsidwe padziko, zomwe zimachititsa ❖ kuyanika zosafunika ntchito.

Pomaliza

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, umisiri pavements chipangizo asintha pang'ono. Mawu oyamba njira makampani latsopano zokhudza makamaka luso thandizo mu mawonekedwe a zikamera makina amakono, zida ndi zipangizo kukonzekera ndi kulongedza katundu zigawo zosiyana. Zipangizo za womwewo wa amene anakonza pavements misewu mzinda, sizinasinthe. Yachokera zokutira komanso akupanga kudzaza simenti, mchenga ndi miyala binders. Kumene, anthu ambiri amapangidwa ndi mbali yatsopano kulemba ndi zina, koma khalidwe mfundo ngati za kuchuluka kwa katundu ntchito ndipo sakhala ukasintha kusintha makhalidwe machenjerero lililonse.