Mphamvu roundworms. General maonekedwe a roundworms

M'nkhaniyi tiona aitane ndi roundworms, amene mosiyana ndi lathyathyathya ndi M'mimbamo thupi. mtundu uwu ali ndi M'mimbamo pakati pa khoma thupi ndi intestine.

Mtundu wa roundworms. makalasi

Roundworms zosiyana ndi amgwirizano chosokonekera ndi invertebrates. Tsopano pali zikwi makumi atatu mitundu, zomwe ndi makalasi anayi:

• hairworms;
• bryuhoresnichnye;
• nematodes;
• rotifers.

Roundworms sizachilendo kulikonse mu gawo lonse la dzikoli, ndipo nthawi zambiri iwo Tingaone ngati majeremusi nyama, zomera ndi anthu. Tsopano, mwatsatanetsatane kuyang'ana lililonse kalasi ya roundworms.

Nematomorpha

kalasi ya roundworms amakhala mu mphutsi ali yekha parasitic njira ya moyo. Dzina limeneli analandira chifukwa cha hairlike thupi. Ali ndi mtundu kuchokera woyera kuti bulauni. Kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka masentimita makumi anai, ndi makulidwe sali wamkulu kuposa millimeters asanu. Onani kuti kutalika kwa thupi zazikazi wokulirapo kuposa amuna.

Mphamvu roundworms kalasi amakhala ndi chakuti akulu sangathe kumeza chakudya. Iwo ndimweko - ndi clump maselo.

Full tsitsi-chitukuko mkombero amatenga miyezi khumi. Akuluakulu (mkazi) mudzikundikire ndi mazira miliyoni kumene mphutsi kwa mwezi umodzi. cholinga chawo chachikulu - kuti thupi phwandolo, kumene iwo angakhoze kudutsa ngakhale ndi chakudya. Ngati mwini wake si woyenera, akudikira mbozi mbuyake adzadya adani.

Pamene mwini "zovomerezedwa" tsitsi-nyongolotsi amayamba kukula. Ngati mbozi wafika pachimake pa chitukuko, amachoka thupi (thupi proburivaya khamu), pamene, monga ulamuliro, mtengowo umafa.

Bryuhoresnichnye

Izi ndi nthumwi ochepa a mtundu uwu. Thupi la roundworms bryuhoresnichnyh m'litali ndi kokha theka millimeter. Tsopano pali nthumwi oposa mazana awiri a kalasi. Iwo adutsa pa cilia nthawi zina kupanga matabwa integral, ili pa elongate botolo kapena thupi. Kuti athe mongoyembekezera angagwirizanitse kwa gawo lapansi pa thupi (mapeto kumbuyo) ndi machubu. Thupi lonse pamwamba, kuphatikizapo cilia, ndi cuticle kupanga pamwamba pa flakes lapansi. Pulayimale M'mimbamo zozungulira kalasi monga bryuhoresnichnye ofooka kwambiri chionetsedwe.

Anaigonjetsera ndi pa kumaso kwa thupi. Mphamvu roundworms m'kalasimo imagwiridwa ntchito mabakiteriya. Pharynx ukugwira ntchito ngati mpope, cilia kulenga panopa madzi amene imatsogoleredwa kuti patsekeke m'kamwa.

Koma kuswana, pamodzi ndi mitundu dioecious ndi hermaphrodites. Umuna ndi mkati, ziwalo zoberekera kugona kutsogolo kwa chotulukira lapansi.

nematodes

kalasi ndi moyo kwaulere ndi parasitic. The zosiyanasiyana roundworms (nematodes) ndi oposa mamiliyoni nyama. Free-moyo pa mtunda ndi madzi, ndi mita kiyubiki mmodzi amene pali oposa miliyoni toyesa. mitundu izi kusewera lofunika kwambiri, kwambiri udindo topezeka kudera limenelo. Koma anthu ambiri a m'gulu limeneli ndi parasitic njira ya moyo, kuchititsa matenda a nyama ndi zomera, kuphatikizapo anthu. Mphamvu roundworms (nematodes) yochepa kuti algae ndi mabakiteriya, mu nkhani ya njira parasitic ya moyo - zakudya likuvutika mwini.

Ine zomera tizilombo kuwononga kuti zimayambira, ndi mizu, zipatso, masamba, ndi munthu - wosiyana ndi matenda olanda. Kwambiri ambiri amene anthu:

• zozungulira;
• pinworms;
• Trichinella;
• zangowe;
• mbira mphutsi, ndi zina zotero.

Chithandizo tichipeza mu nazo, athamangitsidwe deta majeremusi a thupi khamu mwa njira zosiyanasiyana.

Nematodes anthu

Choyamba, monga ozungulira mphutsi, sakhoza kulowa m'thupi la munthu. Choyamba, ndi mphamvu: roundworms pali chachikulu anapereka, ndipo ngati mulibe kutsatila malamulo ukhondo, kudzera zakhudzana chakudya kapena madzi thupi lathu majeremusi kulowa deta. N'zothekanso matenda kudzera tizilombo kuluma kapena kudzera pakhungu. The tizilombo owopsa omwe ayenera anayenera mphoto mphutsi - udzudzu. Ndipo mwa majeremusi khungu kupeza, ngati pali kukhudzana lotseguka nthaka ndi magazi (mwachitsanzo, mabala).

Kodi inu mukudziwa kuti muli tizilombo? Zizindikiro chachikulu - ndi kuyabwa mu chotulukira ndi, zosokera zowawa, mkhutu chopondapo ndi chilakolako zotheka kusanza. Pa siteji koyamba m'pofunika kuchotsa alendo owonjezera kuti mwina zina kwambiri thanzi lanu.

rotifers

Tiyeni titsegule ku kalasi lomaliza la roundworms. Mokulirapo, kalasi ndi njira ufulu wa moyo mu madzi atsopano, koma anapezeka ku nyanja ndi m'nthaka chonyowa. Ngakhale kuti ambiri a ŵa ufulu moyo, pali majeremusi. structural mbali ndi kukhalapo kwa rotifers miyendo ndi zala. Izi minofu thupi kumanga-, omwe amathandiza kuti kusuntha.

Pankhani chitukuko, zinthu zoyenera anthu pali akazi okha, amene, kudzera parthenogenesis kubadwa kwa akazi okha a mtundu wawo. Mwamsanga pamene pali kuopseza (mwachitsanzo, kuyanika kapena yozizira koopsa wa matupi madzi), kuthandiza amuna amene akazi akhoza kuika mazira yozizira.
Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti akazi makumi zaka mamilioni kuchita popanda kubereka.