Kapangidwe tosaoneka fupa. Makamaka dongosolo fupa

Labu "tosaoneka dongosolo la fupa" ndi bwino kuti aliyense schoolchild. Aliyense amakumbukira kuti anali chifukwa cha peculiarities dongosolo la ma ya thupi ali ndi dongosolo bwino mgwirizano pakati pa ziwalo, kuonetsetsa kayendedwe ka thupi m'malere.

kutanthauza locomotor

Kukwanilitsa magalimoto dongosolo tichipeza mafupa, minofu ndi Mitsemphayi kuti kulumikiza iwo. Izi limagwirira zogwirizana ndi zomwe thupi zooneka ziwalo wake mkati kwambiri kutetezedwa kuwononga makina mbali payekha ndipo thupi lonse ikuyenda danga. N'chifukwa chiyani mbali imeneyi? Movement - ndicho moyo. Ndi limodzi mwa makhalidwe a zamoyo, pamodzi ndi kupuma, kukula ndi kubereka za mtundu wawo. zamoyo zambiri amagwira moyo. Mwachitsanzo, ambabzala. Koma iwo yodziwika ndi kukula kwa gulu kwa dzuwa.

Pakuti thupi ntchito yofunika imeneyi imapereka dongosolo la mafupa.

osteocytes

Kapangidwe tosaoneka fupa ukufanizidwa ndi maselo ake. Iwo amatchedwa osteocytes. Iwo ndi fusiform kapena nyenyezi woboola pakati, lalikulu, kuzungulira phata. Kumasulira Dzina la maselo amenewa amatanthauza "fupa".

Mu cytoplasm wa osteocytes ochepa okhazikika nyumba ma otchedwa organelles. Ngati ife kuyang'ana pa iwo pansi simungathe kutiona, n'zotheka kusiyanitsa zinthu payekha wa mitochondria ndi reticulum endoplasmic.

maselo fupa ndi zofunika zimasiyanitsa Mbali. Iwo kwagona kuti wamkulu anapanga chamoyo osteocytes kutaya luso lawo kugawanitsa ndi kuyamba kupanga avale ndi ukalamba.

fupa minofu

Kapangidwe ndi zikuchokera kwa anthu dongosolo fupa chifukwa minofu fupa. Amakhala ndi mbale munthu anapanga ndi osteocytes, ndi intercellular mankhwala. Bone minofu ndi mtundu wa connective. Mbali zake khalidwe ndi wambirimbiri mankhwala intercellular, imene maselo umodzi amatumizidwa.

anakonza chabe ndi mafupa. Zake chinthu intercellular popangidwa ndi ulusi kolajeni ndi mchere, amene nyumba ya mapuloteni chikhalidwe.

Labu "tosaoneka dongosolo la fupa"

Taonani mtundu uwu minofu pansi magnification mkulu. Zowoneka, kapangidwe tosaoneka fupa akufanana Intaneti. eg amenewa aumbike mwa ambiri woonda outgrowths osteocytes, ali inakula. zopezera Ichi chimapereka mafupa mphamvu. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa kolajeni ulusi, amene ali mapuloteni contractile, fupa angathe psinjika ndi mavuto.

Kapangidwe tosaoneka chithunzi fupa pansipa chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri.

The mankhwala zikuchokera mafupa

25% ya kapangidwe okwana nkhani madzi. Chiwerengero chomwecho nkhani ndi zinthu organic. Kwenikweni zotanuka kolajeni mapuloteni ndi dongosolo fibrous. Iye amapereka mafupa katundu, monga elasticity. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la fupa yokhudza kotekisi amalola kuti kupirira katundu tonnes 1.5. Mchere ndi kuperekedwa phosphorous kwenikweni ndi mchere calcium. Ntchito yawo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti kuuma ndi mphamvu ya mafupa. N'kofunika kwambiri madyedwe a zinthu izi kufufuza pa mapangidwe mafupa a mwana. Kashiamu kulemera mkaka, nyemba, kabichi, tomato, sorelo ndi sitiroberi zakutchire. Phosphorus opezeka mu nyama: nyama, mazira ndi nsomba.

zosangalatsa

Kapangidwe tosaoneka fupa ali makhalidwe yake. Koma kodi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha nsalu iyi? Kuti timvetse zimenezi, mungathere zinachitikira.

Bone kuika mu amadzimadzi njira ya acid amathiridwa. Chifukwa, mchere onse kusungunuka. Bone amakhala kotero kusintha kuti mosavuta womangidwa mu mfundo. Koma ndiye kuti thupi lathu lidalibe maziko ndi thandizo.

Ngati calcined fupa pa moto wochepa kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono izo oxidizes nkhani zonse organic. Chifukwa cha minofu amenewa amangokhala kutha.

Pamfundo imodzi: Gulu lililonse zinthu Ufumuyo mafupa a katundu wina, kupanga nsalu wapadera ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa thupi.

gulu la mafupa

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mafupa magulu angapo. Long, umatchedwanso tubular, kupanga M'mimbamo mkati. Kabukuka kali ndi chinthu chapadera - chikasu mafupa. Muli mafuta minofu, chakudya mafupa, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko kagayidwe kachakudya. mafupa awa, zikomo mbali structural, kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi lightness. Zitsanzo za izi ndi femur - fupa yaitali thupi la munthu, brachial, zozungulira, ndi ena. Makoma a chotero anapanga yaying'ono mankhwala fupa. wagawo ake structural ndi osteon lopangidwa ndi mbale apadera Bony. Mutu wa mafupa yaitali wapangidwa ndi mankhwala chofewa ngati siponji, particles umene wofiira mafupa - mmodzi wa nyumba ya magazi pachilengedwe cha thupi.

Short mafupa ndi vertebrae, dzanja, metatarsus. Ndipo zitsanzo za lonse - tsamba ndi mafupa a chiuno. Iwo anapanga ambiri chofewa ngati siponji mankhwala.

Kaya dongosolo lililonse fupa ali ndi wosanjikiza pamwamba pa minofu connective - periosteum.

Top ambiri

Kapangidwe ka fupa yokhudza kotekisi Mzimuyo mutu wake wa cholimba kwambiri ndi yaitali. Ndipo apa ndi yayifupi khutu fupa - stapes. m'litali ndi zosakwana 3.5 mm. Kwambiri fupa - pachibwano.

mafupa anadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Taganizani izi: phazi la munthu lili ndi mafupa 52. Ndi pafupifupi wacinai wa chonse pamodzi. Choona chidwi n'chakuti chiwerengero cha mafupa amachepetsa ndi zaka. Mwachitsanzo, mwana wakhanda pafupifupi 300, monga munthu wamkulu, chithunzi ichi sadzachitanso ukufika 206. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi zina mafupa, monga Chibade zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi.

kukula fupa

Munthu amabadwa ndi mafupa imene dongosolo la chimakhala chogwidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe. kusinthika ake mu fupa kumatenga pafupifupi zaka 20-24. Lotsatira kusiya kukula. Choncho, kuchita masewera ambiri madokotala kulangiza ali wamng'ono pamene mafupa akadali zotanuka ndithu. Kapangidwe tosaoneka fupa amalola kutengapo maganizo, likuvutika zimene zinthu zopangidwa kukula. The M'kati mwa periosteum kumapereka kuwonjezeka makulidwe. kukula A m'litali kumachitika chifukwa maselo fission chichereŵechereŵe ili ku malekezero a mafupa.

Kapangidwe ndi kugwirizana mafupa

Mbali iliyonse ya mafupa anthu amakwaniritsa maudindo ake. Choncho, kulumikiza mafupa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. A kugwirizana atathana amatchedwa msoko. Ndi dongosolo limene protrusions fupa wina m'gulu la recess ena. Chifukwa mafupa a mafupa mutu. Koyamba, mwina ngakhale amaoneka kuti chigaza tichipeza fupa limodzi olimba. Choncho Choncho nkhani imeneyi. Ndipo apo izo ziri osati mwamwayi, koma mogwirizana ndi kufunikira zinchito. Chigaza amateteza ubongo zisaonongeke makina pa ngozi. Ndipo ndiye fupa chimodzi chokha zikugwirizana ndi mafoni. Ndi m'munsi nsagwada.

kugwirizana kusintha mafupa amatchedwa limodzi. Ndi kupyolera kugwirizana izi ndipo pali gulu la thupi ndi ziwalo. ndi mbali ya kapangidwe ka mafupa olowa chiyani? Makamaka mfundo yakuti mtsogoleri mmodzi ndi mbali ya kuzama kwa ena. Mfundo zokhudzana okutidwa ndi hyaline chichereŵechereŵe ndi yosalala pamwamba. nyumba imeneyi kumathandiza kuchepetsa mikangano pa gulu.

chitetezo zina kuchokera anatambasula ndi kapisozi limodzi lomwe wazungulira kunja. Mkati ndi madzi wapadera, amene ayeziyo. Ndi olowa kapisozi Ufumuyo minofu ndi Mitsemphayi, zimene zimachititsa mwachindunji mu filimu.

Mobile kugwirizana mafupa amasiyana Mbali yofunika. Ichi ndi chiwerengero cha nkhwangwa apaulendo. Mwachitsanzo, bondo olowa ndi wapawiri-olamulira, ndipo walola m'chiuno kayendedwe mbali zitatu.

Ndithu dongosolo lina ndi msana anthu. mafupa ake olumikiza zigawo munthu wa chichereŵechereŵe. Ichi ndi olowa theka-yoyamikira fupa. Wosanjikiza chichereŵechereŵe angathe psinjika ndi mavuto. Iwo amapereka sayenda wa gawo ili la mafupa yekha malire ena. Komabe, dongosolo amapereka zotsatira za absorber mantha, zodabwitsa cushioning pa kudumpha mwadzidzidzi kayendedwe.

Kapangidwe ka mafupa anthu

Mafupa monga maziko a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa idzafotokoza angapo. Mafupa a mutu kapena Chigaza, conventionally kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ubongo ndi nkhope. Choyamba munthu ali ndi kukula lalikulu, amene kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa ubongo - m'chigawo chapakati ya ubongo. torso mafupa Chili msana ndi nthiti, molondola kuteteza ziwalo za chifuwa patsekeke. chiwerengero cha vertebrae mu thupi wofanana 33-34. Izi 7 khomo lachiberekero, thoracic 12, asanu lumbar, asanu sacral zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi, 4-5 coccygeal. The awiri a iwo - Atlanta ndi epistrophe - chikugwirizana ndi mapanga, kotero mutu akhoza kusuntha. Mwa njira, chiwerengero cha vertebrae khomo lachiberekero mu mamembala onse a kalasi yomweyo nyama ndi ziwiri. Chotero ndalama ndi njovu, ndi mbewa kumunda. Kusiyana kokha kokha kukula.

Mafupa phewa ndi m'chiuno lamba ukufanizidwa ndi clavicle ndi scapula pamwamba ndi zinaphatikizidwa m'chiuno mafupa pansipa. Awa amagwira ufulu nthambi: phewa, forearm, dzanja, kupanga ufulu chapamwamba nthambi ndi m'chiuno, mwendo ndi phazi - m'munsi motero.

Choncho, ntchito anachita chifukwa zinthu kapangidwe ka dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa, kuchokera tosaoneka ndi minofu ndi mlingo wa ziwalo anthu.