"Doctor Zhivago": mbiri ya chilengedwe. Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago": Mwachidule

Mu miyezi yomaliza ya nkhondo, Boris Pasternak zambiri anali anaitanidwa ku University ya Moscow, ndi Polytechnic Museum ndi Nyumba ya sayansi, pamene anawerenga poyera ndakatulo wake. Choncho, ankaganiza kuti chigonjetso cha kukhudzanso nyengo ndale. Koma zokhumudwitsa wake owawa mu sitolo: anaukira atsogoleri Writers Union anapitiriza. Iye sakanakhoza kukhululukira kutchuka likuwonjezekabe pakati owerenga yachilendo.

Kuyambapo m'buku la

Ganizo buku "Doctor Zhivago", mbiri ya yomwe inayamba pa chiyambi cha njira kulenga Pasternak, nthawi kupangidwa mu malingaliro a ndakatulo iyi. Koma kugwa kwa 1945, kusonkhanitsa onse images, malingaliro, intonation, anaona kuti anali wokonzeka kuyamba ntchito mankhwala. Ndipo chiwembu anatuluka momveka bwino mzere umodzi, kuti ndakatulo ankaganiza kuti kulemba buku adzatenga miyezi yochepa.

Tikhoza kunena kuti mu February 1946 akuimira chiyambi cha ntchito pa buku la Pasternak. Ndipotu, ngati lidalembedwa ndakatulo "Hamlet", kutsegula chaputala chomaliza cha "Doctor Zhivago."

A chaputala choyamba anali okonzeka mu August. Iye anawerenga anzake apamtima. Koma August 14 lofalitsidwa "kwambiri" Kusankha a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU (b) a "Star" magazini ndi "Leningrad". Ngakhale kuti panalibe ubale mwachindunji kuti Pasternak izo zinkayenera (zimatikhudza motani tsogolo la Anna Akhmatova ndi Zoshchenko), chochitika limene lachititsa wozungulira latsopano kumenyana "osamva za mlendo" ndi olemba ndi. More vuto lake amakula pamene mphekesera za nomination ndi zotheka kwa candidacy Pasternak kwa Nobel Prize.

Ntchito pa chaputala choyamba

Komabe, wolemba sanaleke ntchito. Buku "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak kotero adatengedwa kuti mapeto a December, inanso iwiri chaputala anamalizidwa. A awiri oyambirira akhala anasintha pa buku choyera mapepala anali crosslinked mu kope a.

Amadziwika kuti dzina la pachiyambi anali osiyana :. "Anyamata ndi atsikana" Choncho wolemba anatchula ntchito yake mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko. Iwo sanali kokha kufotokoza fano mbiri ya Russia mu zoyambirira za m'ma XX, koma kumasonyezanso maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe pa malo Pasternak munthu mu chitukuko cha dziko, luso ndi ndale, ndi zina zotero. D.

Komanso mu 1946, wolemba ndakatulo anakumana ndi mayi wina amene ankakonda atsopano. Zinali Olga Ivinskaya. Pa chiyambi chabe cha chikondi, iye anali mlembi. Mipanda nazo zochuluka pakati. Izi tsoka zakale ndi zinthu panopa moyo. Ivinskaya mwamuna woyamba anadzipha, wachiwiri linali akufa. A Pasternak pa nthawi inali nthawi yachiwiri wokwatira, anali ndi ana.

chikondi chawo chinali ngakhale zonse. Nthawi zambiri adagawana kosatha, koma moyo popanda ndipo sadathe. Pasternak yekha anavomereza kuti anali Olga makhalidwe iye padera mu chifaniziro cha heroine wa buku - Lara Guichard.

yopuma

Zovuta vuto ndalama ali kukakamizidwa Pasternak pakamwa ntchito pa buku "Doctor Zhivago". Mbiri ya chilengedwe anapitiriza chaka chamawa, 1948. Ndipo lonse la 1947 woyamba anamasulira ndakatulo, chifukwa iye anali kupereka si iye yekha, komanso anthu onse kusamalira munthu mwaufulu kukazikoloŵeka paphewa. Banja lomwe, ndi Nina Tabidze (mkazi anazunzidwa Chijojiya ndakatulo), Ariadne ndi Anastasiya Tsvetaevy (mwana wamkazi ndi mlongo a ndakatulo iyi), ndi mkazi wamasiye wa Andrei Bely, ndipo potsiriza ana Olga Ivinskaya.

M'chilimwe cha 1948 inatha chaputala chachinai cha buku la. Pa nthawi yomweyo wolemba andipatsa dzina chomaliza cha mankhwala: ". Doctor Zhivago" zili mbali kale kusasintha, inunso wakuti.

Komanso, adamtsata yopuma yaitali. Iye anali kusonkhana, choyamba, ndi Olga Ivinskaya kumangidwa imene Pasternak wodzudzulidwa yekha. Chachiwiri, ndi kupondereza kukula mwa iye.

Iye anamaliza ndi chiwiri mutu yekha m'chaka cha 1952. M'dzinja linasindikizidwa popanda kuwongolera. Choncho anathetsa ntchito pa buku loyamba "Doctor Zhivago" buku. Written masiku angapo zowawa infarction m'mnyewa wamtima, wakhala m'chipatala ndipo ndili m'chipatala kwa miyezi iwiri. Kumeneko, monga mwakayakaya, iye Mwadzidzidzi ndinaona ubwenzi ndi Mlengi. Kumva bwanji maganizo a ntchito zake.

Atamwalira Stalin ndi kuphedwa Beria kumeneko kunali chitsitsimutso noticeable wa moyo zolembalemba. Inde, ndi Boris Pasternak tinapezanso mphamvu, makamaka chifukwa Olga Ivinskaya anabwerera kuchokera m'misasa. Mu 1954 anasindikiza ndakatulo khumi a buku yosatha.

Akamaliza "Doctor Zhivago"

Mu kugwa kwa 1954, Pasternak ndi Ivinskaya alikukonzeka ubwenzi. Chilimwe 1955 Olga unachitikira kufupi Peredelkino. Pali lendi kanyumba lake. Iye sakanakhoza ndithu kusiya banja lake. Adzazunzidwa ndi mlandu mumamva kuti mkazi wake, iye ankakhala moyo wachiphamaso. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Olga pafupi kwathunthu chinkhoswe mu ndalama, mkonzi ndi kufalitsa ntchito za Pasternak. Tsopano BL nthawi yambiri yocheza ndi zilandiridwenso. Mu July, anali atayamba kale ntchito pa epilogue ndi. The chikunena liza zinalengedwa mpaka kumapeto a 1955.

Tsoka zina za buku la

Kuyembekezera kwa liberalization maganizo, Pasternak amapereka mpukutu wa buku pa nthawi yomweyo ofalitsa awiri. Kuti dziŵani Boris Leonidovich anapereka pamanja kwa mtolankhani wailesi, Chitaliyana Sergio D'Angelo, amene anali gawo nthawi zolembalemba wothandizila wofalitsa Giangiacomo Feltrinelli. Ambiri mwina, kotero mfundo imeneyi ankadziwika. Pasanapite nthawi, analandira uthenga sikhala ku wofalitsa Italy amene anapereka kufalitsa buku. Pasternak anavomera, koma iye anali wotsimikiza kuti dziko lakwawo posachedwa kufalitsa ntchito yake ( "Doctor Zhivago"). Mbiri ya buku chosangalatsa kwambiri, lokhala amazipotokola ndipo motsatana. Palibe magazini sanali kupereka yankho, ndipo mu September Pasternak analandira kukana mwamwambo chabe amene akufalitsa nyumba "New World."

Wolemba ndakatulo sanafooke ndi anakhulupirirabe mu kupambana kwa buku kunyumba. Ndithudi, Goslitizdat amavomerezedwa buku buku "Doctor Zhivago". Koma mwambo womwe unali kuchedwa chifukwa cha kusinthidwa ambiri ndi akonzi khunyu. Mwadzidzidzi, mavesi angapo machaputala awiri a "Doctor Zhivago" lofalitsidwa Opinie Polish magazini. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kumuyalutsa lapansi. Pa Pasternak wosweka, amakakamizidwa kuti mupewe zolembedwa kuchokera Feltrinelli. Boris Leonidovich watumiza uthengawo kwa wofalitsa Italy, kumene chofunika kubwerera mawu a buku la. Komabe, kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa Writers 'Union Pasternak imodzi transmits Feltrinelli pa buku la buku "Doctor Zhivago". wolemba anapereka zimawalimbikitsa kuti mawu oyambirira.

Ngakhale akulankhula mkulu wozunza Pasternak, A. Surkov, ndi Chitaliyana sanasinthe chigamulo kufalitsa buku. Komanso m'mayiko ena ife akutikonzera kumasula Mabaibulo oyamba ntchito.

Western anachita buku "Doctor Zhivago". Mbiri ya chilengedwe inatha tsoka

Western otsutsa anachita zinali resonant, kuti Pasternak kachiwiri amafuna kuika patsogolo kwa Nobel Prize. wolemba kwambiri ndi chidwi owerenga ena ndi mokondwera anayankha kuti makalata akubwera kuchokera konsekonse pa dziko. October 23, 1958, adalandira telegramu ndi uthenga wa mphoto mphotoyo Nobel ndi kuitana kwa nkhani yake.

Zikuonekeratu kuti Writers 'Union anali ndi ulendo, ndipo Pasternak analandira lamulo lachindunji kuti amakana mphoto. Pasternak sanamvere musankhepo ili, ndi chifukwa, iye anachotsedwa mu umembala wa Union of Soviet Writers.

Mfundo yomaliza

Boris Leonidovich kwambiri n'kubisalabisala maganizo ndipo anabweretsa moti akadali anasintha maganizo ake, ndipo anakana ndi mphoto. Koma izi sunamulepheretse akhala akuchitika mawu ukali motsutsa iye. Wolemba ndakatulo ankadziwa kuti kumuyalutsa izi usiye zotsatira loopsa kwambiri kwa iye. Iye anavutika kwambiri. mmene iye anafotokoza mu imodzi mwa ndakatulo yake yomaliza. ndakatulo imeneyi anali kuyankha kuukira zonse ndi kukambirana kukwiya. Koma nthawi yomweyo mizere ano analankhula kachiwiri za munthu: yopuma ndi Olga, zimene ankalakalaka.

Posachedwa Pasternak anali ndi vuto la mtima. Ndipo milungu itatu, May 30, 1960, Boris Leonidovich anafa.

Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu Pasternak ndi chimodzi mwa chidwi kwambiri mu mbiri ya mabuku athu, ndi matsoka ake ndi ungwazi.

Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago": Mwachidule

Buku limafotokoza zochitika za zaka 1903-1929. The protagonist ndi dokotala. Uyu ndi munthu ndi maganizo a kulenga kwambiri ndi khalidwe chidwi. Zovuta za moyo namkhudza iye mu ubwana wake, pamene woyamba bambo ake anasiya banja, kenako anadzipha, ndipo ndili ndi zaka 11, mayi ake anamwalira. Iye Ndipotu, Dr. Zhivago. Yuri Zhivago moyo osati kale kwambiri, koma wolemera kwambiri moyo. moyo wake kunali akazi angapo, koma chikondi chimodzi chokha. Dzinache akhali Lara Guichard. Tsoka anamupatsa nthawi pang'ono kukhala pamodzi. nthawi yovuta, udindo kwa anthu ena, mavuto - chirichonse chinali ndi chikondi chawo. Yuri anamwalira mu 1929 ndi matenda a mtima. Koma kenako wapeza kujambula wake stepbrother ndi ndakatulo amene amapanga mbali yomaliza ya buku la.

Pamzere chiwembu cha buku la makamaka kufooketsedwa ndi mfundo zovuta kulemba ntchito yake, Boris Pasternak. "Doctor Zhivago", mwachidule zomwe si kumaliza kumverera kwa ntchito yaikulu iyi, ansangala, anavomerezedwa mu West ndi nkhanza kukanidwa ndi Soviet Union. Choncho, aliyense Russian ayenera kuwerenga buku limeneli zodabwitsa, ndi kumva Mzimu wa anthu Russian.