Ntchito ethylene. katundu ethylene

Ethylene ndi losavuta mankhwala organic kudziwika monga alkenes. Izi colorless kuyaka gasi, ali ndi zokoma kukoma ndi kununkhiza. zachilengedwe monga gasi , mafuta, kumakhalanso timadzi chibadwidwe zomera, kumene kumabwezera mmbuyo kukula ndi kulimbikitsa yakucha chipatso. Ntchito ethylene ndi wofala umagwirira mafakitale organic. Iwo amapangidwa Kutentha gasi, mfundo kusungunuka kwa 169,4 ° C, otentha mfundo - 103 9 ° C.

Ethylene: mbali structural ndi katundu

Chimasanduka ndi tinthu munali hydrogen ndi mpweya. Iwo zimasiyana kwambiri malinga chiwerengero cha kumangidwa limodzi ndi iwiri ndi lathu structural aliyense chigawo. Mmodzi wa wamba, koma biologically ndi chuma zaphindu hydrocarbon ndi ethylene. Iwo ubwera mu mawonekedwe gaseous, ndi colorless ndi kwambiri flammable. Amakhala ndi awiri awiri angongole mpweya maatomu ndi maatomu wa hydrogen. Mankhwala ndiyo njira C ₂ H _4. The structural mawonekedwe molekyulu ndi liniya chifukwa kukhalapo kwa ubwenzi awiri pakatipa.
Ethylene ndi wokoma musky fungo, zomwe zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira thunthu mu mlengalenga. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa mafuta mu mawonekedwe woyera: fungo akhoza kutha pamene wothira mankhwala ena.

ofunsira chiwembu ethylene

Ethylene ntchito m'magulu awiri yakuti: a monomer imene unyolo waukulu mpweya pomanga, ndipo monga chuma yaiwisi kwa mankhwala ena awiri mpweya. Polymerization - kubwereza izi kaphatikizidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa ethylene mamolekyulu kakang'ono mu zikuluzikulu. ndondomeko izi zimachitika pa mavuto mkulu ndi kutentha. Mapulogalamu achuluka ethylene. Polyethylene - ndi polima, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuŵeta mafilimu ma CD, waya zokutira, ndi mabotolo pulasitiki. Ntchito ina ya ethylene monga monomer nkhawa mapangidwe liniya α-olefins. Ethylene ndi chuma kuyambira kwa yokonza angapo mankhwala awiri mpweya monga Mowa (mowa mafakitale), okusayidi ethylene (zoletsa kuwuma, ulusi poliyesitala ndi mafilimu) wa acetaldehyde ndi vinilu kolorayidi. Kuwonjezera awa mankhwala, ethylene ndi mawonekedwe benzene ethylbenzene, amene ntchito kupanga mapulasitiki ndi mphira kupanga. Thunthu mu funso limodzi la chimasanduka losavuta. Komabe, ethylene katundu kupanga izo chuma ndi biologically kwambiri.

ntchito malonda

ethylene katundu kumagwirizana ndi wabwino kuchuluka malonda lalikulu la organic (mpweya ndi wa hydrogen munali) zakuthupi. Single mamolekyulu ethylene akhoza akabereke polyethylene (kutanthauza zambiri mamolekyulu ya ethylene). Polyethylene ntchito kuti mapulasitiki. Komanso, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga detergents, ndi lubricants kupanga, ndiwo mankhwala amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mikangano. Ntchito ethylene kwa styrenes zofunika kuti akhazikitse jombo ndi ma CD zozitetezera. Komanso, ntchito makampani nsapato, makamaka masewera nsapato, komanso kupanga matayala a galimoto. Ntchito ethylene ndi malonda chofunika, ndi mafuta yokha ndi imodzi mwa chimasanduka kaŵirikaŵiri opangidwa padziko lonse.

Health Zoopsa

Ethylene ndi ngozi za umoyo mu malo oyamba chifukwa kwambiri flammable ndi zachiwawa. Komanso akhoza kuchita monga mankhwala pa woipa otsika, kuchititsa nseru, chizungulire, mutu ndi imfa ya mgwirizano kayendedwe. Pa woipa apamwamba, icho chikuchitira popha ululu, kuchititsa kukomoka, kukakala ululu ndi zikuchitika ena. mbali zonse olakwika akhoza vuto makamaka kwa anthu amene ntchito mwachindunji ndi gasi. Kuchuluka kwa ethylene, umene anthu ambiri akukumana pa moyo wawo, amakhala ochepa.

zimene ethylene

1) makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Izi Kuwonjezera mpweya, mwachitsanzo, mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa ethylene kuti okusayidi ethylene. Izo ntchito kupanga ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol), amene ntchito ngati zoletsa kuwuma ndipo mu kupanga polyesters kudzera condensation polymerization.

2) Halogenation - anachita ndi ethylene fluorine, chlorine, bromine, ayodini.

3) The chlorination ya ethylene kupanga 1,2-dichloroethane ndi kutembenuka wotsatira wa 1,2-dichloroethane mu vinilu kolorayidi monomer. 1,2-dichloroethane ndi zothandiza organic zosungunulira, ndipo n'zofanana wapatali kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala enaake vinilu.
4) Alkylation wa - kuwonjezera chimasanduka chimagwirizanitsa awiri Mwachitsanzo, kaphatikizidwe wa ethylbenzene ku ethylene ndi benzene, kenako kutembenuka kwa styrene. Ethylbenzene ndi mungafike kwa kupanga styrene, mmodzi wa Ambiri ntchito monomers vinilu. Styrene - monomer ntchito yopanga polystyrene.

5) The kuyaka kwa ethylene. mafuta akamagwira Kutentha ethyl mowa ndi moyikirapo sulfuric asidi.

6) hydration - zimene ndi Kuwonjezera wa madzi chimagwirizanitsa awiri. Zofunika kwambiri mafakitale ntchito linachepa ndi kutembenuka kwa ethylene kuti Mowa.

Ethylene ndi kuyaka

Ethylene - mpweya ndi palibe mtundu, amene ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi. Kuyaka kwa ethylene mu mlengalenga limodzi ndi mapangidwe mpweya woipa komanso madzi. Mu koyera mawonekedwe mpweya amayaka kuyatsa mayamwidwe lawi. Wothira pang'ono mpweya, amatipatsa malawi chomwe zigawo zitatu - pachimake mkati - ndi unburned gasi, buluu wobiriwira wosanjikiza ndi phirilo akunja, mmene mankhwala pang'ono oxidized a wosanjikiza chisanadze wosanganiza yatenthedwa mu mayamwidwe lawi. Lawi chotsatira chikusonyeza zovuta mndandanda wa zochita, ndipo ngati osakaniza mpweya anawonjezera kwambiri mpweya mayamwidwe wosanjikiza pang'onopang'ono kusiyiratu.

mfundo zothandiza

1) ethylene Mwachibadwa mbewu timadzi, sukhala kukula, chitukuko, kusasitsa ndi kukalamba zomera.

2) Mafuta si zoipa osati poizoni kuti anthu pa ndende zina (100-150 mg).

3) ntchito mankhwala monga analgesic ndi.

4) ethylene kanthu kubweza pansi pa kutentha m'munsi.

5) Mbali khalidwe ndi malowedwe mwa zinthu kwambiri, mwachitsanzo mwa makatoni mabokosi kulongedza katundu, matabwa ndipo ngakhale makoma konkire.

6) Ngakhale kwambiri kwa mphamvu yake kuyambitsa ndondomeko ya kusasitsa, zikhoza kukhala zoipa kwambiri zipatso zambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, maluwa ndi zomera, kufulumiza ukalamba ndi kuchepetsa ubwino wa mankhwala ndi moyo wake alumali. Mlingo wa kuwonongeka zimadalira ndende, nthawi kukhudzana ndi kutentha.

7) ethylene zachiwawa pa woipa mkulu.

8) ethylene ntchito makampani galasi zolinga wapadera kwa makampani magalimoto.

9) Yopanga wa nyumba zitsulo: gasi ntchito ngati mpweya mafuta mpweya chifukwa zitsulo kudula, kuwotcherera, ndi mkulu-mathamangidwe matenthedwe kupopera.

10) Mafuta: ethylene ntchito monga refrigerant, makamaka mpweya liquefied achilengedwe.

11) Monga tanena kale, ethylene ndi chinthu zotakasika kwambiri, mopitirira, komanso kwambiri flammable. Zifukwa chitetezo, izo inkatinyamulira ndi payipi wapadera osiyana.

12) Mmodzi wa mankhwala ambiri chopangidwa mwachindunji ku ethylene ndi pulasitiki.