Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin: yonena, mfundo zofunika

Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin ndi imodzi mwa nzeru ena otchuka kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Iye anali kuchita chidwi mapangidwe anarchism ano. ntchito zake m'zinenero zambiri ndipo zogwirizana lero. Wafilosofi ankadziwikanso Panslavist. Gululi zamakono nthawi zambiri zinkakambidwa pofuna ntchito za Mikhail Alexandrovich.

maganizo ake anakopeka ophunzira ambiri a October zitasintha, lomwe linasintha dziko lapansi kwa muyaya. Ndi motsimikizika munthu wa kanjedza olemekezeka kwambiri mwa anzeru Russian.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin anabadwa May 30, 1814 m'chigawo cha Tver. banja lake anali wolemera mokwanira. Mayi ndi bambo anali nzika zazikulu ndi dzina la anthu otchuka. Kuwonjezera banja Michael anali ana 9 zambiri. amanena chofunika ndalama yaikulu kuti kale akulankhula za kukwanira Bakunin. Kuyambira ndili mwana, Michael anaphunzira kunyumba. Nditakwanitsa zaka 15, anatumizidwa ku usilikali. Mu St. Petersburg, anangomulambalala ndi zida zankhondo maphunziro. Pa zaka 19 iye amapita ku sukulu akuluakulu. Komabe, m'chaka chomwecho iye anakankhidwira kunja chifukwa mwamwano kulankhula ndi okalamba. zaka ziwiri wamng'ono Bakunin anakhala a asilikali.

Mu 1835 iye anasiya utumiki ndipo anasamukira ku Moscow. Pali bwino wolemba wotchuka Stankevich. Padziko ino, likuthandiza nzeru German. Umayamba mwakhama kufufuza mbiri ndi Chaanthu. Mwamsanga wobwezera entree kuti salons onse zolembalemba. mawu yake itagwa ngati nthumwi ambiri luntha odziwika. Moscow Mikhail zambiri amapita ku munda kholo ndi St. Petersburg. The nzeru ena a chilengedwe nawonso akukonda kwambiri. Mu 1939, mnzanga ndi Herzen.

emigration

Kuphunzira nzeru Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin amaganiziranso pafupifupi nthawi yake. Komabe, iye alibe ndalama zawo ndipo adzakhala mmoyo wa ndalama makolo awo. Banja siligwirizana mtundu wa moyo ndipo amafuna Michael anabwerera ku munda ndi munda ntchito kumeneko. Komabe, bambo zonse amatumiza ndalama kwa mwana wake. Michael zambiri amakhala likuvutika anzawo, nthawi mabasi pa mnyumba za anthu ena. Iye ali bwino mu German. Mu kuwerenga choyambirira cha zapamwamba za nzeru German. Ndi 1840s, ndi amasamalirira kwambiri kwa zolengedwa za Hegel. Iye akugawana maganizo ake ndi abwenzi. Iye akulemba pa magazini osiyana.

Amakopeka ndi nzeru German kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti Michael zokakhala ku Berlin kulidziwa bwino ndi stratum deta ya sayansi. Mozungulira nthawi imeneyi, apolisi mukudziwa kuti pali nzeru ngati - Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin. Wambiri yosavuta fuko lomveka kulankhulana doko ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za "zinthu osadalirika." Komabe, palibe chizunzo Michael silinakwaniritsidwe poyera.

Pakuti ulendo Berlin iye amafuna ndalama, ndipo ndithu. Popeza ndalama wolemba wawo satero, iye akutembenukira kwa kuthandizira kokha - bambo ake. Kuchita izi, iye analemba kalata yaitali, liwuli lidalembedwa limafotokoza zolinga zake. Atate amapereka amulole kupita, koma akukana kuonetsetsa ndalama. Bakunin ndi kupempha ngongole bwenzi lake Herzen. Iye allocates yaikulu kuchuluka - 2000 rubles. Tsopano, chiyembekezo cha ulendo Germany likupitirirabe weniweni.

Atatsala pang'ono kunyamuka wake ku Michael amapezeka kukangana Katkov wolemba, amene anamasuliridwa ndewu. Mu kutentha kwa Bakunin amachititsa mdani kuti duel, koma ndikuganiza bwino tsiku lotsatira.

Ku Ulaya,

Mu 1940, Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin adza kwa Berlin. Kumeneko, iye afika ambiri atsopano. Anazitsanulira mwa mabwalo a okonzanso. Koposa zonse anali ndi chidwi ndi nzeru za Hegel. Russian nzeru zapamwamba manja aŵiri pa "Hegelian" chibonga. Michael analemba pa zosiyanasiyana manyuzipepala German. Mozungulira nthawiyi, kukondera cha maganizo likupitirirabe "anasiya". Iye analemba timabuku angapo chosintha, zomwe ankagwiritsa anayamikira mwa Nazi zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera pa nzeru ena German mu bwalo chikhalidwe Bakunin m'gulu Polish ndi osamuka Russian. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Ivan Turgenev. Patapita zaka zochepa mu Berlin, Michael anakumana ndi Marx, ndipo ngakhale kangapo kulankhula.

ntchito chosintha

Patapita nthawi, nzeru zapamwamba anasamukira ku Paris, komwe kwambiri akuyandikira anzeru Polish. Pa imodzi mwa kulankhula phwando kuchirikiza ufulu wa anthu Polish kwa kukhalanso.

Pambuyo pake, zimaonekeratu kuti Russia iye sangathe kubwerera. Mu Paris Bakunin Zikungokhala ndi zambiri radicalized. Apa ndi pafupi ndi kumanzere kwakukulu. Pa kuumirira wa St. Petersburg Mikhail anachotsedwa France. Posachedwa Komabe, February utasintha inayambika ndipo amabwerera Bakunin.

Mihail Aleksandrovich bungwe antchito. Koma chifukwa cha maganizo ake wosakaza wa boma latsopanolo wasankha kutulutsa mtsogoleri Russian mu Germany.

Pambuyo pake, iye ankayenda mu Europe. Pamene anali ku Prague, pali mabuku ena ntchito zake Pan-Asilavo. Wasankha kukhala kalekale ku Ulaya, koma 1851 anapitirira apolisi tsarist ndi kutumizidwa ku Russia. Pali amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi m'ndende ndi ukapolo. zaka zinayi Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin ankakhala Tomsk. Kenako anapanga kunja kuthawa ku England. Anafa June 19, 1876 mu Switzerland, kumene anaikidwa m'manda.

Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich: Kuweta Maganizo

Mfundo zikuluzikulu nzeru zapamwamba Russian zochokera chuma. Mikhail Alexandrovich akhoza yodziwika monga "anasiya" mfundo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti boma ayenera kumuchotsa. Mu malo ake adzauka mtundu wa mgwirizano wa magulu osiyana. Malinga Bakunin, aliyense am'mgulu akhoza kumachita kwathunthu paokha. Mphamvu ya gulu la. Monga chotsatira chomveka chipangizo chotero - chitukuko cha wamphamvu kasamalidwe chikhalidwe ndi anzake njira. Community anali kucheza federally.

Kwa chiphunzitso cha chipangizo ngati anthu amene iye mobwerezabwereza anadzudzula Nazi zolimbitsa. Mu maganizo awo, boma ayenera kukhalira kuti kwathunthu anakana Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich. Mfundo ofanana chikhalidwe ndi mfundo ya gulu la communes ankatchedwa "anarhokollektivizm". Mu nkhani iyi, Zimatheka njira kulenga m'njira imeneyi, malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba, anali zisinthe. Monga chikuchititsa zonsezi ankaona zigawo osaukitsitsa ya anthu, monga iwo yodziwika ndi mphamvu mkulu ndi luso kusonkhanitsa. Maboma chosintha anachokera makalasi m'munsi.

Kufufuza chikominisi

Bakunin kudzudzulidwa Marx ndi gulu lake mu nkhani ya boma.

Iye anakhulupirira kuti ulamuliro wa proletariat ndi n'kogwiritsa kwa kudzitengera mphamvu. Alibe wa boma mu latsopano kalasi ya opondereza anali chotsatira achilengedwe a dongosolo bungwe Marx. Komabe, iye Mihail Aleksandrovich chikuzika ntchito nzeru zapamwamba German ndipo panokha analemba ochepa ndemanga zabwino. Mu dera geopolitical anaona Austria ndi Turkey adani waukulu wa kalasi ntchito. Iye anakhulupirira kuti Ufumu ayenera kuwonongedwa kuti tikwaniritse patsogolo. Turkey ndi Austria akupondereza anthu ambiri, amene anali vuto lalikulu ku Ulaya, malinga ndi chiyanjo Bakunin a.

Pan-Slavism

Mu ukapolo Bakunin chidwi kwambiri mavuto a Asilavo. Panslavist ntchito zake zinadziwika mu Europe. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti Asilavo onse ayenera kukhala ogwirizana. Bakunin sankaona dziko lililonse palokha, monga United Center. M'malo mwake, iye ankakhulupirira kuti kunali koyenera kumanga mtundu wa chitaganya, kumene anthu onse Asilavo ali ofanana. Pakuti kutsutsana mfundo imeneyi, iye mobwerezabwereza anadzudzula boma la Austria ndi Turkey. Komanso tcheru ku chauvinism Polish. Pang'ono bwanji zochitika mu Russia Ufumu.

malingaliro otsatira

Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich ali otsatira ambiri lero. Kwenikweni ndi n'ngopandukira kwakukulu. Iwo anapeza mtundu wa kudalirana pakati pa ntchito za Bakunin ndi zina Russian theorist - Kropotkin. Ambiri zambiri okanidwa zosokoneza molakwika chifaniziro nzeru zapamwamba za ntchito yomanga anthu chabe, kuwabweretsa iwo mpaka absurdity.

Kuwonjezera pa anarchist Bakunin ndi kulemekezedwa ku mabwalo a ena "anasiya". Mwachitsanzo, Marxists ndi Wachiwiri-Bolsheviks zonse anatchula ntchito zake. chakuti Bolsheviks nawo malingaliro a anarchist ndi, limasonyeza akonzedwa osachepera misewu dzina lake polemekeza nzeru zapamwamba wa. Pakhomo pa boma la Russia mkulu wa Lenin ndiye anali akuti "Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich". Mwachidule yonena za chosintha Russian m'gulu pulogalamu wokakamiza wa mabungwe a sayansi ndale.