Mercuric mankhwala enaake (zikuwononga sublimate): Kukonzekera, katundu ndi Mapulogalamu

Si chinsinsi kuti Mercury mankhwala amapatsa poizoni ndi poizoni. Mu US, iwo analetsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala kukongola, ndi Canada ali m'gulu mndandanda wa zinthu kwambiri woopsawo. Komabe, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani mankhwala kwa kupanga utoto, fungicides, mapulasitiki, komanso mankhwala ndi sayansi. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu a kalasi zinthu ndi Mercury mankhwala enaake (II), amene amadziwika pansi pa dzina lake chachiwiri - sublimate. Tiyeni tione nkhani imeneyi mwatsatanetsatane.

Chilinganizo ndi katundu

Mercury mankhwala enaake 2-valent anasankha HgCl _2. pawiri Izi ndi woyera crystalline ufa. Pa kutentha 277˚ C zimayamba kumatha, pamene 304˚S - kuwira. Zinthu zachilendo (25 ° C) ali osalimba a 5,43 g / masentimita ^3. Mercuric mankhwala enaake sublimes mosavuta losiyana appreciable osakhalitsa. The solubility wa mankhwala enaake mercuric mu madzi kwakukulukulu zimadalira kutentha kwake. Choncho, pa 20 ° C, chithunzi ichi ndi 6,6 yekha%, koma m'pofunika kubweretsa madzi ndi chithupsa (100 ° C) ndi akafika 58,3%. Komanso, Mercury amatha mankhwala enaake kusungunuka efa, zidulo, pyridine; njira NaCl mu ndondomeko imeneyi limodzi ndi mapangidwe mankhwala zovuta. HgCl ₂ electrolyte ndi wokongola ofooka. Masana, makamaka pamene anakumana ndi mankhwala organic, chinthu mosavuta kusanduka cuprous mankhwala enaake Hg ₂ cl ₂ (calomel) ndi zachitsulo Mercury.

phwando

Lalikulu zedi la Mercury mankhwala enaake (II) Panopa opangidwa kudzera mwa kaphatikizidwe mwachindunji kwa Mercury ndi chlorine. A njira yachiwiri yodalirika tichipeza mu Kutha mercuric HgO mu moyikirapo acid amathiridwa (HCl). Zochita imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, makamaka - m'kupita kukwaniritsa mayesero zasayansi. Mbali yoyamba, Mercury ndi usavutike mu chikhalidwe cha chlorine ndi kutentha kwambiri (za 340˚S) ndiye azinyadira ndi kuwotcha ndi mapangidwe bluish-woyera lawi. nthunzi chifukwa ali Zachepetsedwa pa yozizira ndi, malinga ndi luso yodalirika, kupanga ufa wosalala kapena zidutswa olimba.

ntchito

Tikumbukenso kuti mercuric mankhwala enaake anali woyamba mankhwala pamaziko a Hg, amene anayamba ntchito ngati antiseptic ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mercuric mankhwala enaake ndi kothandiza kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi poizoni kwambiri. Iwo akhoza limbikirani kudzera pakhungu ndipo mucous nembanemba ndi kudziunjikira mu thupi la munthu. M'mbuyomo, anthu sankadziwa za mupewe ngozi ya Mercury enaake, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza matenda khungu. Tsopano, mu mankhwala kuti ntchito zambiri zovala disinfection, zovala, mankhwala thanzi, etc. Popeza mankhwala ndi poizoni kwambiri, njira yake nthawi zambiri mwapadera wonyika kuti mosadziwa sanali wothira mankhwala ena.

Makampani, ndi Mercury mankhwala enaake ntchito electroforming, matabwa kuteteza pa metallization matenthedwe ndi bronzing. mankhwala enaake Mercuric ntchito kupanga mabatire, akupereka kwa hulls m'madzi a ngalawa. Izo ntchito mu khungu ndi chikopa, lithography, kujambula, monga tizilombo ndi, etc.