Dera - ndi chiyani ichi? Tanthauzo la liwu lakuti "malo"

M'dera - malo padziko dziko kapena madzi, zomwe zimatengera mtundu winawake wa zomera, nyama, nsomba. Pali ngakhale sayansi kuti amaphunzira zikamera, chitukuko, kuli malo - areology. Mphamvu ya munthu padziko lathuli yekha ndi chotero kuti ife tikhoza mwadala kapena mwangozi kukankha, kuwawononga ndi zina kulenga malo kwa winawake zolengedwa.

Mawonekedwe a uthunthu

Mu kuphunzira mtundu makamaka asayansi kujambula mizere mizere pa mapu malo. M'pofunika kuti tiwerenge ndi kumvetsa mtundu bwanji nanga moyo. Pezani njira ziwiri zofanana malo sizotheka, kupatula kupatulana amenewa pamene mitundu ingapo zokhoma pa chilumba.

Areal - ndi zojambula pa mapu, kutanthauza malire malo mtundu. Izo zikhoza kukhala olimba, wosweka zidutswa zingapo kapena tepi, anatambasula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mapiri a matendawa,. Zimapezekanso akhoza kusakaniza, apa Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya thundu kukula massively chapakati Russia ndi kum'mwera anatambasula mu mzere.

Pamene mitundu imafalira pa malo aakulu, mayiko angapo, umatchedwa munkapezeka. Kawirikawiri ndi undemanding mitundu moyo mabacteria osiyana nyengo, kuchulukitsa mofulumira, ndipo zilombo zolusa komanso anthu sangathe lingachepetse anthu awo pansi pa ziro.

Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana chosemedwa osiyanasiyana. Kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi kusalabadira kwa mitundu, ndipo wayamba kufa. mitundu amatchedwa chidina, ali aang'ono kwambiri yotsalira m'deralo.

zofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu relict kuderako kuti padziko yaing'ono, koma khola malo.

chikhazikitso

Kusiyanitsa iwo, ndi kupeza m'madera map, iwo anapanga ndi manambala mankhwala. Ndipotu, ngati m'dera - izo mwachirengedwe odziwika malo, ndiye ali ndi longitude ndi kumpoto. Komabe, nyengo, zofunika kwa mitundu yonse ya zamoyo, amadalira msinkhu pamwamba pa nyanja. Choncho, chiwerengero osiyanasiyana nomenclature imakhala ya kumpoto chigawo chimodzi - kutalika kwa woyendera nthambi kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, longitude chigawo chimodzi - kutalika kwa woyendera nthambi kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, okwera chigawo chimodzi - vertically downwards.

Miyeso ranges

Malo zamoyo - ndi malo a makilomita angapo lalikulu, lomwe amakhala ndi mtundu winawake wa nyama kapena zomera. Izi zikhoza kukhala mbali ya dziko kapena madzi, zomwe akuchita awiri makilomita kwa mazana a mahekitala. Pansi pa classifications ndi, ranges amadziŵika ndi kukula kwa yopapatiza kumeneko kuti padziko lonse.

Zing'onozing'ono ndi wodzichepetsa iwo ndi nyama. Izi zikhoza kukhala chigwa kapena, Tikawonetsetsa mapiri, pamene nyengo ndi mbali lapadera zikuchokera nthaka kuyamba mtundu wa Hazel ndi kwina moyo. Ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha uthunthu ndi yopapatiza m'dera phanga. Zamoyo zinthu izi, wotchedwa kuderako, monga pansi kachilomboka-Bryzgunov zomwe kokha moyo mwa m'modzi kapena awiri zitunda Caucasus. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo flightless ali kuderako.

Lotsatira kukula ndi malo m'dera iwo - subregional ndi dera. Poliregionalny m'dera anthu - m'gawo kuti chimakwirira kudutsa mayiko angapo, koma osapitirira atatu, chitsanzo cha mtundu ndi pogamula ptarmigan. Malo mu Europe ndi ku Asia Komanso ankaona poliregionalnymi. Pambuyo mitundu yonse akhoza kukhalapo ku Ulaya, Siberia ndipo Far East. Koma kawirikawiri ngati malo khalidwe nyama za m'madzi, nsomba, zomera.

Mbali munkapezeka - woyendera nthambi zimafunika maiko osachepera atatu. Chotero ambiri, mitundu ina ya m'madzi ndi chithaphwi zomera, nyama zam'madzi ndi tizilombo.

zitsanzo anthu

Malo a nyama ndi zomera ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi. Kumbukirani, ndithudi inu mukudziwa mtundu wa nyama amakhala momasuka yekha m'chigawo, Titafika pamalo, m'madambo, mchenga. iye amadziwa m'dera lawo, zimene kudya, sakuona ndi kugwa. Mu steppe mitundu amenewa ndi hamsters, agologolo pansi, tchire mphemvu ndi ena. Lapland plantain umakhala Titafika pamalo ndi boreal Kadzidzi moyo ndi kukasaka mu nkhalango nayonso. Osiyanasiyana angathe maonekedwe, kawirikawiri m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena ranges phiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa makhalidwe nyengo. madambo aakulu nyama ambiri amakhala malo awa ndi madzi oyera nsomba sangachitire mwina koma kukhala mu mtsinje.

Nthawi zina kumalire a osiyanasiyana zikuoneka chifukwa cha moyo kunja kwa mtundu wake wa mpikisano. Mwachitsanzo, sable, marten zambiri amakhala limodzi, koma pa gawo la munthu uja, sapita.

Chifukwa malo kusiyana

Natural malo mtundu - uyu si malo mosalekeza, palinso mipata. Izi zimachitika pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Masiku ano, chifukwa chachikulu cha mbali kusiyana anakhala munthu. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, chipangizo madamu, kukhetsa achinyontho, yomanga magetsi - zonsezi kumayambitsa kutha kwa mitundu ya nyama, zomera ndi tizilombo.

Zimachitika kuti nyengo palibe kusiyana, koma deralo - kumakhalanso chithunzi-m'chikumbumtima, yomwe chinali malire m'zigawozo, ndi zovuta kufotokoza. Mwina m'mbuyomu zinthu zosiyanasiyana nyengo, ndi mtundu amakhala wogawanika, iye anali mu yokumbukira kuti derali kugawaniza ndi zoopsa chifukwa iye. Chitsanzo yosavuta kuti mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera moyo mbali zonse za mapiri a Ural, koma okha alibe mitundu. A chinkhoma kwa dzikoli kuli mapiri Tikawonetsetsa kutsitsa kutalika kwa malo kulekana amakhala. Mtundu womwewo wa chinkhoma pano pa mapiri osiyana.

Kukhazikika malo malire

Border Koma amalembedwa pa mapu, koma iwo nthawi zonse kusintha. Mwina yekha zosasintha chilumba malo. kusintha zina zonse ndi kusintha nyengo. Pamene yozizira ndi olimba gwape ayezi kutumphuka kuyamba kuwonjezera kutembenuka lanu, kupita ku madera atsopano mu chakudya, mwinamwake iwo adzaphedwa. Eger anawadyetsa kusunga mu uthunthu wake.

Chifukwa cha kutentha akhoza kusungunula ayezi ndi wosweka kamodzi m'dera limodzi. Pankhaniyi, mtundu wina akhoza wofooka, osati kukhala ndi nthawi kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano, ndipo udzaloŵa m'malo ena. Anapeza zokwiriridwa yekha kukangana Tiyerekezenso amenewa. Kotero kuti derali - uwu si khola Kupititsa zone, imene tiyenera kulimbana. Anthu onse: "Kodi mukufuna moyo - kuphunzira sapota!"