Mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zipilala la Bashkortostan. Republic of Bashkortostan: zokopa

Aliyense fuko tidzayesedwa apita njira zawo kukhala kugonjetsa nthawi yovuta kapena kuzunzidwa. Koma popanda bwino kukhala Pamlingo wamkulu kapena wamng'ono konse aliyense nyengo imodzi. Mbiri ya Bashkortostan yotero. Tinali mu njira ya chimwemwe anthu ndi chisoni, chigonjetso ndi kugonja, ulemerero ndi manyazi. Kodi Fotokozani epics ambiri, amene anandiuza za Batyrov ndi zina umunthu yofunika kwambiri m'mbuyomu. Kumene, Bashkiria zamakono - ndithu Republic bwino ufulu wa kudziyimira pawokha latsopano la Russia (Urals zachuma dera). Koma sizinali nthawi zonse. Luso la Republic of Bashkortostan "akukamba" za miyambo zaka zakubadwa.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Bashkirs monga fuko anapanga ngakhale TH ine. N. e. ndi zaka za m'ma chakhumi pa malire awo anayamba kufalitsa Islam, amene amayembekezeka kumathandiza kwambiri m'tsogolo. Iwo akhala chipembedzo chinathandiza kuteteza kudziwitsa anthu, tiyeni kuloŵerera, makamaka kutenga nkhani kuti Bashkirs zonse modabwitsa "mwayi" kukhala pafupi ndi Golden gulu ndi Khazar Turkic Khaganate, Bulgarskim Khanate. Izi ndi amadza m'malo zoipa kugwirizana andale a mafuko osiyana Bashkir. Recent zonse akusemphana ndi mzake ndi anthu oyandikana.

Komabe, nthawi yafika, ndipo nthawi feuds pa. Pakati pa mbiri XVI atumwi a Bashkortostan unaturuka mu njira zosiyana - anthu ankadutsa nzika Russian, pansi pa tutelage wa Tsar Ivan kwambiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, unafotokoza mwayi kuletsa infighting ndi chitukuko ndi zabwinobwino. Komabe, m'dziko la Bashkirs anayamba mwakhama kulimbikitsa mitundu ina, kuphatikizapo Chitata, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordvinians. N'zoona kuti kuchita Russian ndi Ukrainians, komanso anthu ena a dziko lalikulu, nayenso, anayamba kufufuza gawo latsopano.

Iye anali wakhama mu Bashkirs mu anadzuka mwa opusa ndi opanda chifundo Russian kupanduka kwa 1773-1775. Izi zinaonetsera osati m'nthano wolemera, komanso anamupatsa ngwazi yadziko - Salavat Yulaev, yomwe ndi chimodzi mwa anzake a mtsogoleri wa wamba kugalukira Emelyana Pugacheva.

Kenako anali Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Republic (kuyambira 1920). Iwo anakhala mmodzi wa malo ofunika kwambiri mafakitale (mankhwala ndi malonda petrochemical) mu USSR. Ndi kugwa kwa iwowa ndi yosintha mu Republic of Bashkortostan ndi E. A yamalamulo ake Kurultai, T. Bicameral ndi pulezidenti. likulu mzinda wa Ufa, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1574 pa malo ndi kuthetsa wakale wa zamakolo fuko. Bashkortostan mapu zikuphatikizapo 54 m'maboma utsogoleri. Pakati pawo, mizinda 21 ndi midzi 4434. Anthu ali kuposa anthu 4 miliyoni wachitatu wa amoyo onse mu Bashkiria anaikira mu Ufa ndi dera Ufa.

A zosiyanasiyana zipilala mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe cha Bashkortostan

Kumene, chotero yaitali ndi zovuta njira ya chitukuko sanathe amasonyezedwa ziboliboli ndi umboni wa Nthawi zakale. Today mu Bashkortostan kukuteteza boma ndi zikwi ziwiri zosiyanasiyana misewu ya zomangamanga, zojambulajambula, chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zofukulidwa.

Manda otchuka Bashkortostan (mndandanda):

• Mzikiti choyamba.
• Chipilala Salavat Yulaev ndi Aleksandru Matrosovu.
• Aksakov Anthu House.
• Mausoleum (m'manda) Bendebike.
• Cave Shulgan-Tash.
• Wa Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin.

osungirako zachilengedwe ndi nkhokwe amadziwika akutali Republic ndi zonse kukopa alendo latsopano.

zipilala chete chikhalidwe cha Bashkortostan, kusonyeza njira zina kumachitika mu anthu, nthawi zambiri akhoza kundiuza kwambiri kuposa zikalata ngakhale archival. Koma phindu palibe angatsutse ku Msikiti view. Zimenezi zikugwira kotheratu ku malo a misonkhano, zimene zimasonyeza mzimu wa fuko. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa osiyana mitundu ndi Mipikisano achipembedzo kucheza, ndilo Republic of Bashkortostan.

Wa Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin

Ufa kachisi uyu, chomwe anachipanga mu 1903-1909 gg., Poyamba anali atatu storied njerwa nyumba belu nsanja ndi mzikiti wa mzikiti wina tizinthu nkhuni chitsulo. mpingo uno anali lidzapulumuka zaka yovuta zisinthe, koma mapeto zikadali chinatsekedwa ndipo chipinda anali pa zokambirana mpweya. M'tsogolo, pali filimu zisudzo anatsegula, Kuwononga malo kupitirira kuzindikira. Kokha mu atakalamba m'nthawi ya Soviet Union mu 1991, anabwerera ku kachisi wa chigawocho. Kukhazikitsanso kuti Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin Cathedral anachedwa kwa zaka 15, koma nyumba ya thambo buluu mtundu ndi domes golide ndi chithunzi chokongola anali kwambiri capacious Orthodox mpingo mu likulu.

Mzikiti loyamba

Bashkortostan chikhalidwe amanyamula amaonekera omveka wa East. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi - pa tchalitchi poyamba anamanga mu mzikiti mu 1830, womwe poyamba inali nyumba mwala ndi minaret limodzi. Kenako linadzamangidwanso kangapo. mzikiti uwu unali umodzi wa lalikulu chisanadze chosintha Russia, ndi kubera ake akwanira pafupifupi zikwi anthu. Komanso, pamene anachita madrassas ndi Chirasha Bashkir zaka ziwiri koleji. Kwa zaka 30 (1960-1991). Only mzikiti sanaleke ntchito zawo mu Ufa.

mausoleum Bendebike

zipilala mbiri ya Bashkortostan monga manda, amene amati inatha njira Earth akazi chachikulu - Bendebike. Iye ndi chifukwa nzeru zake wosiyana ndi chifukwa, anatha kuthetsa nkhondo pakati pa Bashkirs ndi Kazakhs. Nyumba iyi analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a octahedron ndi mzikiti ndi njerwa za mitundu iwiri - pachimake ndi imvi ndi wofiira Khirisimasi chokongoletsera anaphedwa.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Bendebike sanali Hanshi kapena wolamulira. Iye otchuka monga anzeru mkazi wa m'banja lachifumu, umene Council anamvetsera kwa atsogoleri onse a mafuko. dzina lake anali analemekeza Bashkirs osati kokha, komanso anthu oyandikana, monga nzeru zake kutchuka kunali kwakukulu. About iye ndi mwamuna wake pali nthano zambiri ndi nkhani.

House Aksakov Anthu

Mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zipilala la Bashkortostan ankatsogoleranso imodzi mwa chidwi kwambiri mawu a zomangamanga, nyumba, anamanga mu 1909-1920 gg. Monga mmene taonera kale ku dzina, Nyumba ya Anthu a inapatulidwa pokumbukira lapadera zolembalemba chithunzi Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova, ndi yomanga ngakhale analengeza mpikisano Russia. Ndalama zochokera mu Ufa. Yomanga zinachitikadi zaka 10, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zinali zopindulitsa - ngakhale pambuyo pafupifupi zaka Aksakov House looker ndi zomangamanga yake yapadera. Iwo weaved masitaelo zingapo: Russian Classicism, Baroque ndi East Asia, ndi slits yaitali zenera. Nyumba iyi ali woyenera kukhala nacho chithunzithunzi cha adzakhale Republic, komwe mwamtendere azikhala onse Russian ndi Bashkir. Popeza kuti mapeto a 30s uko ali zisudzo ndi kuvina, koma chinthu chofunika ndicho zaka zingapo zapitazo Aksakov nyumba anapezanso dzina lake lakale.

N'zovuta kulingalira mtundu alibe analemekeza ngwazi ake ndipo anafuna kukhala maina mtengo mu zaka. Ndipo ankhondo pa malire a Belarus makono nthawi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Choncho, mbiri ndi chikhalidwe zipilala la Bashkortostan - ndi chikumbutso cha ngwazi za dziko, kuiwala kuti sizingatheke.

Salavat Yulaev

Kodi wina anaika chipilala wake si pa chimbuzi, ngati kuteteza anthu ku zoipa zonse? Chipilala Salavat Yulaev - si wapadera ndi yaikulu Kukwera Akavalo fano mu Russia, komanso chuma dziko, ndi kunyadira Republic of Bashkortostan.

Panapita zaka zitatu ziboliboli Soslanbek Tavasieva kuti recreate chifanizo cha ngwazi, amene anamuka chifuniro cha Catherine Wamkulu. Ndipo m'malo kumenyana kumbali ya boma, iye limodzi ndi kupanduka Pugachev.

Osewera a chitsulo bronzed, analanda Salavat Yulaev mu nthaŵi yofunika kwambiri zopangira zisankho za kusintha kwa Pugachev. Iye ankawoneka kuti kuitana kuti amutsatire iye, motero tacitly kuwauza mibadwo watsopano wa anthu a Bashkortostan wa mphamvu ya mzimu wa munthu ndi kufunika kwa ufulu wosankha.

Alexander Matrosov

The chikumbukiro cha ngwazi za miyoyo ya anthu. Zinali mamiliyoni ngati wosaiwalika wa Alexander Matrosov - asilikali 19 wazaka mokhazikika 2 oyenda Battalion osiyana, ozizira February tsiku adetsa thupi lake ndi German makina mfuti. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iye anabadwa chifukwa cha Bashkiria. Chotero ife unakhazikitsidwa Ufa mu 6 TH lokumbukira Kugonjetsa mkuwa fano, chosonyeza Matrosov mu groundsheet ndi mfuti pa pedestal wa pinki nsangalabwi - kumangiriza kwa mbadwa.

Chipilala Nagomu Mihailu Aleksandrovichu

Chipilala tate wa Ufa - chipilala watsopano. Iwo anapereka zaka 7 zokha zapitazo. Iye amasonyeza kuti kazembe, amene akutchedwa chiyambi ndi mzinda nyumba. Pakali pano, pali chipilala m'mudzi wa chitatu wa March, pa mzinda wa likulu la Republic of Bashkortostan. Komabe, tikuyembekeza kuti nthawi chipilala zimenezi zidzachitika ake pambali ngwazi zina dziko.

ubwenzi chipilala

Ubwenzi pakati pa Russian ndi zaka anthu Bashkir zoposa 450, koma chiyambi cha izo kuika Ivan Grozny mu lakutali 1557. Iye anatenga pansi phiko lake, akudwala ndewu mkati ndi nkhanza Golden Bashkirs. Ndipo lero iwo ali la Russia. Choncho anayamba nyengo yatsopano ndi chikhalidwe cha Bashkortostan. Patapita zaka zinayi, mu 1957, kukumbukira chochitika anaganiza zimalimbikitsa kupanga Ubwenzi Chipilala. chipilala The analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a tsamba popanda chogwiririra ndi (mamita 35 mkulu). akazi awiri ndi nkhata mlombwa mu manja awo, zili mbali ya tsamba, kuimira Bashkir ndi anthu Russian, ndi mlombwa "amalankhula" za ubwenzi wamuyaya ndi wolimba pakati pawo.

Chipilala ngwazi za kuukira boma la October ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Vuto la ntchito onse ankhondo mu dziko kwagona kuti kupandukira abwenzi mzake chabe dzulo, komanso abale magazi. Kwa Russia, ndi wayambitsa kwambiri ndi zitsulo pankhaniyi pa Civil nkhondo ndi Great October kuukira boma.

Kwa zaka pafupifupi 40 zapitazo Bashkortostan okumbukira ungwazi wa chipilala dziko anamangidwira anadzipereka kwa ophunzira zimenezi. Pa pedestal ndi kunyumba ndi lipoti zingapo: Red Army msilikali ndi mfuti, ndi wosula ndi hamala, mlimi wamba, amene manja m'malo mwa zipangizo mwachizolowezi ulimi chisanu mfuti. Chiwerengerochi, amene anafuna kuimira gulu lina la anthu, adatsinzina msilikali n'kufa wachikulire, monga ana pafupi. Izi imasonyeza umodzi wa anthu pomenyera ufulu wawo.

Chikumbutso "Chisoni Mayi"

Mbali ya chipilala izi kuti anadzipereka kwa asilikali onse amene anaphedwa pamene kutenga mbali m'nkhondo ambiri ochokera mu 1951 mpaka 2003, chipilala ndi mkuwa chithunzi cha mayi amene chimakwirira nkhope yake, ngati kwambiri kulira imfa ya ana awo. Pafupi ndi steles awiri wakuda lubwe, pa zimene chosema mayina a wagwa.

Zotsatira za Nature

Mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zipilala la Bashkortostan sakanatha kulenga chithunzi kwathunthu, akapanda yothandizana mphatso za amayi Earth. Total m'dziko pali oposa zana zokopa osiyana zachilengedwe.

Bashkir State Nature Reserve

Wapadera dera limeneli ndi kuti motsimikiza lagawidwa amachepetsa awiri: mmodzi - mu mizere ya kum'mwera Kraków, anamanga miyala katundu plutonic ndi okhutira mkulu wa zitsulo, winayo - ndi Ural-matchalitchi anayamba - tichipeza lililonse limatisokoneza. Reserve - wapadera zachilengedwe zovuta, umene uli wotchuka chabe Kusakaniza zosaneneka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, komanso zinthu zakale Kuti kuno kwa zaka.

National Park "Bashkiria"

m'gawo lake chimakwirira za mahekitala 82, kumene mungapeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama kawirikawiri ndi zomera. Ena m'gulu pangozi. Komanso, pali mwamuna, ndipo ngati zipilala chilengedwe cha Bashkortostan ngati milatho karst, kudula Nyamuliranani, analandira thirakiti Kutukov-Sumgait.

State Natural Reserve "Shulgan-Tash"

Natural zipilala RB monga zone oyenerera pakati pa mitsinje ndi White Yuryuzan kutetezedwa. Kuwonjezera mitundu osowa zomera, nyama, mbalame ndi nsomba, amaitana phanga Shulgan-Tash (Kapova phanga). Ndi malo zofukula m'mabwinja za kufunika dziko, limene nthawi yake inali anthu akale, monga zatsimikiziridwa mwa zojambula anasunga thanthwe ndi zodzikongoletsera.

Natural Park "Muradymovskoe Gorge" ndi chidwi choona kuti anapulumuka phanga, imene zikwi zapitazo anakhala woyamba okhala Urals lapansi. Total m'dera zachilengedwezi pali malo woposa makumi anayi, kuphatikizapo mapanga ambiri Labirintovaya, Ice, Novo ndi Staromuradymovskie. Kuyimitsa makolo athu anapeza m'phanga njiwa.

Bashkiria Modern - mwamtheradi wokongola dera, kusunga wapadera, relict chikhalidwe, kuchepetsedwa mtundu dziko. Awa ndi malo amene n'kosatheka kugwa m'chikondi ndi ulendo woyamba, alibe mphamvu pa nthawi yokha. Nature okonda tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuzungulira dziko ndi kusangalala ndi malo ambiri okongola kwakukulu khadi la Bashkortostan.