Petro ndi Paulo Linga ku St. Petersburg: chithunzi, zakale, momwe ndingayendere

Petro ndi Paulo Linga ku St. Petersburg ndi golide mkulu spire ake ndi Paulo Cathedral, ndi bastions amphamvu ndi mfuti ravelins kuti tsiku lililonse imatsogolera njira ya masana, amakonda adazindikira mwa ife monga chizindikiro cha mzinda lodabwitsali. Ndi kwa kumanga ake anayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo, mbiri ya St. Petersburg.

Monga malo amene anapezeka kwa yomanga mpanda wolimba ndi mzinda

Chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII. Itangotha kumpoto nkhondo, umene unatha zaka 20, wosatha. Ngakhale asilikali a Sweden anagonjetsedwa Russian ufumu anafunika kulimbitsa malo awo mu expanses wa lalikulu la Neva. Mfumu Peter Ine cholinga kumanga mu malo zamphamvu linga, zomwe zingamulepheretse asilikali a Sweden kulumikiza ku Gulf of Finland. Lero N'zovuta kulingalira kuti m'deralo, omwe tsopano imakongoletsa St. Petersburg, anali kamodzi zithaphwi ndi kuwoloka quagmire.

Koma m'zaka za m'ma 18. zinthu zinali zotero. Peter anapita mtsinje pansi pofunafuna malo amene adzakhala wangwiro ntchito yomanga kunja asilikali. chisankho chake, iye anayima pa pachilumba chaching'ono, ankakhala mu kuya ndi linafalitsidwa kwambiri gawo la m'kamwa mwa Neva. Kumeneko amayenera kukula Petro ndi Paulo linga, amene tsopano zipsera zithunzi mu timabukuto onse alendo za St. Petersburg. Ndiyeno nthano wanena kuti: Peter Ine osasunthika manja nakokera mpeni a msirikali atayima pafupi, kudula iwo mu peat bulauni lalikulu, ndiye ananena mwamphamvu, kuti mzinda adzamangira pano. Pamenepo mfumu anafunsa kumupatsa fosholo yosavuta anayamba kukumba dzenje izo. Choncho anayamba kumanga mpanda wolimba mozungulira chomwe pambuyo anakulira umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri osati Europe koma padziko lonse. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, chisumbu ankatchedwa kalulu, ndi chifukwa chake dzina, adzakhala m'mutu wotsatira wa nkhani yathu.

Chiyambi cha dzina la chilumbachi pa womwenso Petro ndi Paulo Linga ku St. Petersburg

Kotero ife analonjeza za chifukwa Kalulu Island wotchedwa choncho. Pa nthawi imeneyi pali malingaliro angapo. anthu otchuka nkhani kuti pamene Tsar Peter phazi pachilumbachi nsapato wake mwadzidzidzi analumpha ndi kalulu pang'ono kuthawa vutoli. Wamkulu Koposa opulumutsidwa credulous nyama, ndiyeno ulemu chochitika ichi chotchedwa kalulu Island.

Winawake akuti njinga izi pang'ono mosiyana: kuti Peter ndidakwiya pa akuchedwa la ogwira ntchito yomanga, ndipo anafuna kuwalanga. Apa ndi kulumpha m'manja mwake kuchokera kwinakwake amene anayamba kalulu. Iye anaseka mfumu ndi mkwiyo wake zapita, ndipo chochitika moyo imeneyi mu mutu. Tikhoza kunena kuti ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nthano oyambirira, omwe anawapatsa mzinda Petro ndi Paulo Linga. M'nyumbayi panopa ili mmenemo, amasunga kwambiri nthano, ndi ulendo atsogoleri amakonda pamper alendo awo amawakonda.

Baibulo lina si chikondi, koma Zikungokhala ndithu: nyama kuleza opindika m'makona nthawi pa chilumba cha pakati pa Neva anakhala ndi zikwi, kotero Finns kale kuti "Jänissaari" imene ikumasuliridwa Russian ngati "Kalulu Island".

Plan nyumba ndi nyumba pa m'gawo lake

Petro ndi Paulo Linga ku St. Petersburg anakhazikitsidwa mu 1703, m'mwezi wa May. dongosolo lake anayandikira yekha mfumu Peter Wamkulu, amene anali, monga ife tikudziwira, chidziwitso yotakata zosiyanasiyana za sayansi ndi zomangamanga. Mu ndondomekoyi, mpanda wolimba ndi hexagon osasamba, ngodya zomwe molondola kuteteza 6 bastions wamphamvu. Asanu a iwo dzina lake polemekeza mnzake wapamtima wa Russian Tsar: "Naryshkin phata", "Menshikov", "Golovkin," "Trubetskoy", "Zotov", chabwino, ndi chimodzi amatchedwa "Wamkulu Koposa." Bastions a linga ali ndi mawonekedwe pentagonal. Kulimbikitsidwa patsogolo, iwo anali woyamba kulandira kuwawa kwa mdani ngati kuukira. A kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo zipata za chitetezo linga chivundikiro - ravelins.

Pakuti kumpoto citadel zobisika nyumba zambiri anamumanga zaka zosiyana. Pakati ndi wotchuka Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral. Pamaso pake - nyumba Commandant, kumene anakhala commandant a linga la. Pa mbali ya chachikulu Njira imeneyi Engineering nyumba malonda (1749) ndi zida zankhondo nkhokwe (1801). Kumbuyo kwambiri a lalikulu waima nyumba ziwiri storey, chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati woyera. Izi anzake asamuone guardhouse.

Kumapeto kwa mungachite, alendo akhoza kuona yaikulu yomanga - (. 1800-ntchentche) timbewu tonunkhira. Panali zinapangidwa ndalama, mabaji mphoto ndi mendulo. Ndipo Petro ndi Paulo Linga ku St. Petersburg, ndi zapamwamba Mabaibulo bwato la Peter ine, pamene panali mfumu kusambira ngati mwana. Kwa iye, linamangidwa nyumba wapadera - Botnia nyumba. Poyamba, mu mpanda wolimba wa mfumu anali wapachiyambi nyanja chotengera, koma mu 1940 kupita ku Central Naval Museum North mwa likulu, komwe mpaka lero.

Cathedral wa St. Peter ndi Paulo

Lililonse alendo, amene anaonekera pa linga, nthaŵi zonse amamuchititsa kupita ku tchalitchi, womwenso pakati pa malo dziko. Komabe, pambuyo pa zonse pali chinthu kuti tione! Maziko a mpingo anauika 1712 motsogozedwa D. Trezzini. Full yomanga nthawi ya zaka pafupifupi 20. Waukulu mkati ulemerero wa Cathedral wa - ndi gilded zazikulu chosema iconostasis. Olemera ulemerero wa mpingo, palinso "achifumu malo" - ndi nsanja wapadera komwe mfumu anali pa utumiki ndi mpingo.

Petro ndi Paulo Linga ku St. Petersburg ndi tchalitchi chake ndi m'manda magazi lachifumu. Gallery zikugwirizana cha ku Switzerland. Petro ndi Paulo ku Grand Ducal Maliro m'chipinda chotetezeka. Iwo anapeza chitetezo chatha ambiri akalonga wamkulu wa Nyumba ya Romanov. Inde, Peter Ine anaikidwa kuno. Kamodzi manda nazonso chokongoletsedwa ndi iconostasis okongola, koma mwatsoka, iye ndi zina zambiri zinthu wachuma wa ulemerero Mkati mwake munali kapena kuwonongeka pa kuzinga Leningrad.

Cathedral belu nsanja

Pakuti kale zaka zitatu waima monyadira pamwamba mudzi belu nsanja ya Cathedral wa St. Peter ndi Paulo, Atumwi. Izi ndi zimene chapadera Petro ndi Paulo Linga. Kukafika ku kalulu Island? Alendo sanakhalepo mavuto kwambiri. Ndipo inu mukudziwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa ngati munthu ali pa malo a mzinda, kuti awonekere kwa kulikonse golide spire a belu nsanja ya Cathedral ndi M'ngelo womusamalira pamwamba kwambiri. Kutalika kwa belu nsanja ndi 122,5 m, ndipo ambiri a spire wa - mamita 40 wingspan mngelo chithunzi - .. 3.8 mamita Ndipotu, gild spire wa Petro ndi Paulo linga, anatenga pafupifupi 8 makilogalamu golide woyenga bwino.

Mwa njira, citadel wa pomanga wayamba ndi pomanga belu nsanja yokha. Peter ine ndinapereka chapadera kwambiri. Mpaka posachedwapa, inali nyumba yaitali kwambiri St. Petersburg.

Tsoka la linga la

Tsoka la mpanda ichi chachilendo. Anamanga kuti athe kudziteteza ku matenda adani citadel izi, si ndewu ya. Akatemera yekha zimene zakhalako opangidwa ndi madera ake, izo volleys wa Cannon, wokwera pafupi Naryshkin phata, tsiku lililonse imatsogolera Choncho pakutchulidwa masana ku St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg). Petro ndi Paulo Linga ndi chidwi m'gawo lake ndi cholowa chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale wa lonse la Russia.

casemates Petro ndi Paulo

Izo zinachitika kuti Petro ndi Paulo linga muli dzina Russian Bastille. Kwa zaka zambiri kumeneko inachitika m'ndende zigawenga kwambiri boma. Munthu woyamba amene anamangidwa mu zakuda m'ndende Trubetskoy phata, anali Tsarevich Alexei - mwana wa Mfumu Peter I. Mu zaka osiyana mu mayenje a mdima a Petro ndi Paulo anali kutumikira m'ndende ngati anthu wotchuka ngati wolemba AN Radishchev, MU Nikitin, wamanga PM Eropkin mbiri VN Tatishchev. Chenicheni choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti pa malo anapanga ngakhale kupereka.

Mu 1826, pa malo a anaphedwa asanu Decembrists Pestel Ryleev, Nyerere-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin ndi Kakhovka. Kamodzi mu Russian October zisinthe, amene anali panayambira wa Petersburg, Petro ndi Paulo linga akhoza kubwereza tsoka wachisoni wa Bastille - anafuna kuononga m'munsi. Koma, mwamwayi ife, Bolsheviks ndinaganiza bwino mu nthawi, ndi kukopa waukulu likulu kumpoto anakhalabe kuima mu malo ake. Tsopano pa zamdima za linga pang'onopang'ono kungoyenda alendo, kumvetsera nkhani za maphunziro za m'mbuyomu wamagazi kuti Likutchulidwa makoma a ndende kale.

owonetsera zakale zisudzo

Petro ndi Paulo linga, Museum amapereka zosiyanasiyana maulendo chidwi, lomwe ndi zotsatirazi:

- kukawona malo.

- ulendo wa Commandant Nyumba chionetsero.

- "Petersburg-Petrograd, 1703-1918 gg.".

- "zaka zitatu mu mzinda" (ulendo wa belu nsanja ya Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral).

- "Street Time" (Engineering nyumba).

- Exhibition "Neva Katani" (mbiri ya m'linga ndi tchalitchi).

- "Panopticon" (zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ku Kunstkammer).

Alendo kudzakhala chidwi kuyenda yekha gawo la linga, kuti kujambulidwa pafupi wotchuka fano la Peter Ine ndi Mikhail Shemyakin, umene uli wotchuka kwambiri kwa Petulo ndi Paulo Linga. Photos of fano mkuwa mukhoza kuona pansipa.

Lililonse alendo ayenera kuona Kuwonjezera kalulu, amene alitcha dzina kuti Kalulu Island. chosema nyama ili pafupi ndi St. John mlatho.

Momwe kuti linga la

Mwa alendo chotchuka kwambiri ndi njirazo, monga kudzacheza kwa chinthu monga Petro ndi Paulo Linga. Momwe kumeneko, ife tsopano kufotokoza. Chophweka njira kufika siteshoni okwerera sitima "Gorky", ndipo kudutsa paki kuti m'nyumbayi zovuta. Gates kutsegula kwa alendo tsiku lililonse kuchokera 8,30 kuti 21,00, ndi kupita mmenemo, si lamulo kuti malipiro. Ndipo tsopano kuti pitani m'nyumbayi zisudzo, ntchito mkati linga, kodi kulipira. mitengo tikiti ndi abwino kwambiri, chifukwa pensioners ndi ophunzira anapereka kuchotsera. malo achitetezo ndi tikukonza, ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza nkhani imeneyi chidwi, ndiye inu mukhoza kupita ku gwero aliyense, kuwauza za zinthu zokopa za St. Petersburg, ndipo kumeneko kuyang'ana zambiri.