St. Petersburg zokopa. owonetsera zakale Russian mu St. Petersburg. malo Chikumbutso cha St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg - mzinda zamatsenga zimene akuyesera kukaona alendo onse achilendo Titafika ku Russia. Patapita zaka zitatu basi anamangidwira nambala zosaneneka misewu ndi zomangamanga m'patali. Mwa mizinda yonse Russian, Peter chionekera zowoneka osiyana, komanso m'mlengalenga. Anthu a Leningrad opulumuka Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, pafupifupi 900 masiku usiku ndi usana moto, Musataye makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ndipo mwakonzeka kudzamulandira kukumana alendo onse amene amalakalaka wotchuka kwambiri Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg.

chithaphwi anabadwa, anabatizidwa katatu ...

zaka ziwiri utayambika St. Petersburg anakweza funso renaming ake. chakuti kumvetsetsa wene anali mu dzina chinachake ake frilly, nayenso "Western". Bwana analandira osiyana kwambiri, koma, mfundo, iwo onse wiritsani pansi chakuti kupereka Peter dzina chokhala dzina la mzinda wakale, monga Mwachitsanzo, kapena chomwecho Nowogrod Vladimir - losavuta, okongola ndi maganizo athu. Mwa zina zimene mungachite amatchulidwa monga Chatsopano Moscow kapena Peter-mzinda.

Ganizo renaming anali anazindikira yekha mu 1914, ndipo anali ogwirizana ndi chiyambi cha First World nkhondo. Anthu anadzadza mzinda Petrograd, ndipo zaka khumi - Leningrad. Mu 1991, St. Petersburg dzina mbiri anabwezedwa. Lero anthu akhoza kumva chithunzi chidwi za Peter: chithaphwi anabadwa, anabatizidwa katatu, mdani sanafooke - anali opambana!

Ndipo komabe, chifukwa St. Petersburg?

Kwa zaka mazana atatu mbiri ya mzindawo pa Neva Mtsinje anasintha dzina lake katatu. Ena amanena kuti St. Petersburg dzina lake polemekeza anayambitsa choyambirira Petra Velikogo, koma mawu zimenezi si zoona kwathunthu. Mu Russia, anaganiza kuti apereke mwana dzina ya munthu woyera mtima, tsiku adabadwa la chikumbutso. Mwambo umenewu ndi zogwirizana ngakhale lero. Russian Choyamba Mfumu anabatizidwa June 29, 1672, tsiku la chikumbutso cha Mtumwi Petro. Kuyambira zaka zake zoyambirira wolamulira wam'tsogolo wa lingaliro kuti dzina Saint lalikulu linga Russian, zomwe iye akanati kumanga. maloto awa.

Mu 1703, pa kalulu Island anamangidwira nyumbayi, yomwe chikutchedwa Peter Mtumwi St. Petersburg. awo zimenezi zinachitika mu May. masabata asanu ndi limodzi, mu June, mpanda wolimba inamangidwa ndi Cathedral wa Sts Petro ndi Paulo. Wazomangamanga Domenico Trezzini ntchito pa polojekiti 21 yapindula zosayembekezereka: kumanga kutalika mamita 122,5 anali wapamwamba likulu kumpoto mpaka 2012. Posakhalitsa, Petro ndi Paulo linga anakhala ndi mzinda analandira dzina la St. Petersburg. Lero, pa kalulu Island inali kwambiri mbiri yakale kwambiri zowoneka wa St. Petersburg, powona kuti, mungaphunzire za pakati chikhalidwe Russia zonse.

Chikumbutso Petra Velikogo

The Mkuwa pamahatchi - wotchuka chipilala wa St. Petersburg, yomwe ili ku Senate Square zoposa zaka mazana awiri. Dzina limeneli anali chipilala polemekeza ndakatulo ndi Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, chosiyana ndi chimene chinapangidwa ndi mkuwa. Kuponyera kwa fanolo inatha mu 1778, ndipo kenako mapulani vuto adanyamuka: kumene kuti thanthwe limene kotheka kukhazikitsa chipilala kuti Peter. Mu St. Petersburg, tinayamba kuchita kufunafuna munthu amene angakuthandizeni kupeza njira yabwino, ndipo posakhalitsa mlimi anati Semyon Vishnyakov. "Bingu-mwala" yolemera matani 2,400 anaperekedwa kwa Senate Square ndi mphamvu zikwi za anthu amene anachita nawo chitukuko cha zida za kayendedwe ndi njira.

Hermitage - Peter mpweya

Nyumba kwambiri kaso mu mzinda lili Palace Square. Pakuti angapo zaka zambiri, Hermitage inasanduka yaikulu, amene anasunga zonse za zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali za mbiri. deta yake yaikulu kwambiri zikwizikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho Catherine II kukhala ndi ziboliboli kwambiri ndi zojambula za Kubadwa Kwatsopano. A mndandanda wa zojambula ndi ziboliboli mayi anapita choyamba, Paulo, ndi mwana wake, Mfumu Alexander. Zochitika zonse zokhudza mbiri ya Hermitage zosonkhanitsira limayenda ndi ntchito yatsopano. Nicholas Ine, kutifotokozera amakonda zochitika asilikali, analenga zomera wotchuka mu ulemu wa nkhondo wa 1812. The Zima Palace ndi malo ena chikumbutso cha St. Petersburg ndi Ngokhoza kulenga chidwi kwambiri padziko lonse la mzinda - mozungulira mwanaalirenji ndi osafikiridwa ndi zinthu chitukuko cha zomangamanga wakale.

Lero, pakati zosonkhanitsira yaikulu zojambula wapatali alendo Hermitage akhoza kuona "Benois Madonna" ndi Leonardo da Vinci, "Kubweranso kwa Mwana wolowelera" ndi Rembrandt, ziboliboli zazikulu za nthawi ya Greece ndi Rome, ndalama ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho Iguputo. The utali wonse wa zipinda zonse ndi makilomita 25 kuchoka, ndi kusankha maola ochepa kuti aletse zithumwa onse a Zima Palace, alendo adzapeza bwino Nthawi zonse mpaka pano.

Gerodotova sayansi. Mphunzitsi wa moyo, mtumiki wa masiku amakedzana ...

Mbiri Museum ovuta tichipeza nthambi zisanu ndi ziwiri ili mu mzinda ndi mu dela la mzinda. Ogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe chikhalidwe ndi kukonza yaikulu ntchito chionetsero kuti kukopa alendo pa miliyoni chaka. Museum of History of St. Petersburg moyenerera anazindikira kuti imodzi yaikulu mu Russia, chifukwa makoma ake ndi zinthu miliyoni amene amafotokoza za chitukuko cha likulu kumpoto kuchokera pa chiyambi ake masiku ano.

Kodi inu ndimalota, ndi cruiser "Aurora"? ..

Lodziwika bwino warship, amene anapanga ananyoza mbiri amayesetsa ogona wosatha Petrovskaya Embankment. cruiser inamangidwa mu 1897, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu anali woyamba m'madzi. The brainchild wa K. Tokarev nawo nkhondo panyanja pa World Choyamba ndi Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ndipo mu 1948 izo unakhazikitsidwa ngati ngalawa maphunziro kwa cadets Nakhimov Naval College. Lero, pa sitimayo ndi cabins maso alendo ndi katundu wa anthu ogwira ntchito, gauges m'madzi, mapu, ndiponso zinthu zina zofunika. Ponena za mzinda, yomwe ili pa chilumba, n'kosatheka kuti Atchule malo chikhalidwe wodzipereka kwa zinthu madzi. Mwa malo m'mbiri zonse kukumbukira allocated dongosolo limene zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho si zojambula ndi zodzikongoletsera, ndi zipangizo banja, zovuta zomangamanga kamangidwe. Madzi Museum ku St. Petersburg, adzalankhula za udindo wa madzi opatsa moyo unayambira anthu ndi ukhondo machitidwe yakale masiku ano.

milatho yonse simungakhoze kuchita ...

Anatsegulapo likulu kumpoto kwa Russia, alendo ayenera kukaona zakale zonse mbiri ndi mipingo, koma pa izi St. Petersburg zokopa sikuthera pamenepo. Aliyense amene kale osati ku Venice kapena Amsterdam, anagunda nambala yaikulu milatho kuti imvera kayendedwe ka dziko zoyendera. Mzindawu uli anawoloka ndi ambiri angapo mitsinje ndi ngalande, kudzera imene sizingatheke kusuntha popanda nyumba zimenezi.

Today ku St. Petersburg pali 580 milatho 20 amene zimaŵetedwa kwa ndimeyi m'basimo kapena zombo katundu. Anthu a mumzindawo, anazolowera kukongola konse kwa nthawi yaitali samapereka tcheru kuti opanda pake zimenezi, koma ulendo ndi chidwi kuonera zochitika zonse. Kupeŵa anamwalira kapena osokonezeka, alendo likulu kumpoto ayenera kukhala mu dzikolo mapu St. Petersburg ndi kuona, lomwe adzakhala losavuta kupeza malo onse wokongola.

Kulumikizana milatho makamaka bwino zikuwoneka mdima yophukira usiku: kuthwanima magetsi zokongoletsa nyumba kamangidwe, kutuluka pang'onopang'ono mu mitambo bii ngati ziphaniphani. Ntchito zonse imachitika pa ndandanda nthawi inayake - zambiri pambuyo usiku mpaka mbandakucha. Mu St. Petersburg, ndi mlatho linafalitsidwa kwambiri mu dziko (97.3 m) pansi pa dzina "Blue", omwe chifukwa kukula kwake amaona ngati mbali ya St. Isaac Square.

Siskin, gwape ndi zina

Iwo amanena kuti munthu amene anaponya ndalama pa chipilala, amene ali mmadzi, akhoza kupanga afuna - ndipo onetsetsani kuti likwaniritsidwe. Stone zimphona, mipingo yaikulu ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi zili St. Petersburg, ndithudi, chidwi maso alendo Peter ndi ukulu wake, koma ena nyimbo kakang'ono si zofunika zochepa komanso ngati chizindikiro cha mzinda.

"Finch-gwape" ndi "Bunny, anathawa chigumula" - manda yodabwitsa kwambiri St. Petersburg. Kutenga zimafika pa za Fontanka mtsinje n'kupita kuyandikira Panteleimonovsky mlatho, n'zovuta kunyalanyaza pedestal ang'ono ndi chosema mkuwa pa masentimita 11 wamtali. Izi wotchuka finch-Pyzhik, amene anagona oseketsa quatrain m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. The chipilala anamangidwira mu 1994, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo iye anaba kasanu.

Madzi osefukira ku likulu kumpoto sizichitika kawirikawiri kwambiri, amene kugwirizana ndi kuwuka kwa madzi mu ankadziwana wa Neva Mtsinje. Osati nthawi zonse ku zinthu mafunde akuthawa anthu, koma mbiri ali chochitika chodabwitsa, pamene kalulu kunawapulumutsa ndi analumphira mu nsapato Petra Velikogo. St. Petersburg asankha kupitirizabe kuchita wolimba ndi anaika pafupi Iona mlatho chithunzi opindika m'makona nyama.

usiku woyera

June ndi July - miyezi lapamtima la alendo, amene masana zingaoneke zazing'ono kufufuza zonse. Kuyambira ndi masiku otsiriza a May, dzuwa akusunsa pa mzere kaja pa madigiri 9, kotero kuti madzulo madzulo kuyambira kusamukira ku m'mawa. White Mausiku timakumbukira analandira m'ma June ndi July oyambirira, ndi pakati pa usiku lightest imagwera pa chilimwe yozizira.

Masana popeza dzuwa Sizotheka kuona akachisi onse ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi, ndipo tili m'masiku otsiriza a St. Petersburg zokopa kuyang'ana makamaka charmingly. Omaliza sukulu chikondwerero "Chofiira matanga" umachitika mu mochedwa June, kumene kungakhale pano osati aphunzitsi ndi makolo, komanso anthu wamba odutsa. Nyimbo ndi kuvina anapitiriza mpaka m'mawa ndi limodzi mwa makombola yowala. mausiku White - monga wapadera chodabwitsa zachilengedwe - zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito za olemba ambiri ndi olemba, kuphatikizapo Fyodor Dostoyevsky, amene analemba eponymous chikondi buku.

St. Petersburg chidwi kuti aliyense ayenera kuona

Mu likulu mpoto kwa Russia kwambiri malo losaiwalika, kuzungulira kuti sangathe palibe ku St. Petersburg, ndi alendo adzayenera kubwereranso kumzinda mobwerezabwereza, tsiku lonse kwa mwakhama kuphunzira zipilala kwambiri mapulani ndi mbiri yakale.

Wotchuka Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg (a Hermitage, Peterhof ndi Catherine Palace) ayenera kuona aliyense, koma kuwonjezera nyumba zikuluzikulu mu mzinda muli mazanamazana a anthu ena. St. Isake Cathedral - yaikulu komanso wokongola kwambiri Orthodox mpingo, amene nsanja monyadira kuvala udindo wa "apogee a m'nthawi Malachite." otsutsa zolembalemba kukachezera Museum otchuka Russian olemba ndi ndakatulo Derzhavin, V. Nabokov, Anna Akhmatova, Blok. Mtendere wa mumtima ndi bwino kumzinda Adzamvera anthu a zipembedzo zonse achipembedzo, chifukwa mwa matchalitchi ambiri ndi mipingo, mu St. Petersburg pali sunagoge, mzikiti, ndi okha kumpoto chakumadzulo Russia Chibuda kachisi.