Fontanka mtsinje: mbiri, zithunzi

Fontanka Mtsinje - yaing'ono amadzimadzi mtsinje woimira imodzi mwa njira Neva umathira m'nyanja St. Petersburg. Mphanda kuchokera kumanzere kwa mtsinje wa Neva pafupi Chilimwe Garden, ndipo amalowa Neva Mtsinje kum'mwera kwa zakale Galerny Gutuevsky ndi kumpoto kwa chilumba, pachiyambi penipeni ya Gulf of Finland. Arc intersects mbali yaikulu ya mzinda umene uli kum'mwera kumadzulo malangizo ndi Malire a kum'mwera a ankadziwana ndi. mosungiramo kutalika ndi 6.7 Km, m'lifupi ranges ku 35 70 m, kuya -. 2.6 kuti 3.5 mamita Apa zizindikiro chotero izo ziyenera Fontanka mtsinje. N'chifukwa chiyani azitchedwa ndi zomwe ndi mbiri yake, tingaphunzire kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.

Madzi a dongosolo mtsinje, mmodzi wa asanu amene amapanga ankadziwana wa Neva Mtsinje, ali 12 mitsinje. The otaya madzi pa gwero ndi avareji ya kiyubiki mamita 34. m / s, pambuyo pake, pambuyo nthambi limalephera - 24 Cu. m / s, ndipo mbali ya kum'mwera ya pawiri ndi njira ndi Kryukov confluence Griboedova - 22 Cu. m / s. Mlingo otaya pa ndodo ku gwero lake ku mlatho Anichkova - avareji 0.3-0.4 m / s ndi pansi - 0.2-0.25 m / s.

Dzina la Fontanka Mtsinje

Dzina lenileni la mtsinje - Eric. Pamene ntchito yomanga akasupe, chifukwa odzipereka kotunga njira yawo kudutsa mtsinje inamangidwa. hydronym Choyamba lidzasinthidwa kasupe, ndipo kenako - mu Fontanka.

Mbiri ya Fontanka

Mpaka 1714, m'madambo mtsinje, aumbike mwa zilumba ake panopa yaing'ono linkadziwika kuti mayina kapena kungoti Erik Erik. Mpaka maziko a St. Petersburg pa gombe anali Russian m'mudzi Usaditsa, yandikira kwa mkamwa - Izhora Pamudzi ndi dzina Chifinishi Kalyula, kenako anadzatchedwa m'mudzi Kalinkina. Pomanga mzinda 1711 ndi Fontanka mtsinje Moika olumikizidwa kwa awa makamaka chonyowa ritsa, ntchito zovala zochapa.

Zomangamanga yokonzanso ndi chiwonongeko pa Fontanka

Pomanga woyamba matabwa mlatho pazipita M'lifupi mwa madzi ngati mtsinje Fontanka, anafika mamita 200, koma Peter Ine kumanga ntchito mumzinda anaima atamwalira watercourse kukonzanso kulowa lapansi kuyambira quays sawona bwinobwino, kupanga izo navigation zovuta. M'zaka 1743-1752 zinachitikadi kuyeretsa ndi kulimbitsa embankment lapansi. Dzinali amakono mtsinje anali mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna, chifukwa akasupe, ndinakhala pa banki yake mu Chilimwe Garden. Iwo anadyetsedwa ndi madzi njira Chilituyaniya mu dziwe dziwe (tsopano - Square) anakumba pa ngodya ya Avenue wa Greek ndi zamakono msewu Nekrasov, kenako zimatumizidwa kwa paki chubu. Sami akasupe onse anaonongedwa ndi kusefukira kuwonongeka kwambiri 1777 ndi kusankha Catherine II kupitirira kukonza. iwo kuuweruza okha patapita kukonzanso wathunthu mu 2012.

malire

Mpaka cha m'ma XVIII, Mtsinje Fontanka ankaona kumalire a kum'mwera kwa mzinda, kutsidya lija lomwe pali dziko zigawo za akulu olemera. Panopa anali kuwongola ndi gawo yokutidwa ndi mitsinje, kuphatikizapo zauve mtsinje Tarakanovka. Malire a St. Petersburg wakhala anasamukira ku kulambalala njira, koma mzere Fontanka zaka zingapo anakhalabe pa pansipa nyumba kutsogolo. Pakati pa mafunde a Fontanka ndi Moika, ndi Kryukov Ngalande, m'zaka XVIII-XIX munali malo wakunja kwatawuni likulu, dzina lake Kolomna.

Ntchito pa Mtsinje

Mu zaka 1780-1789 wa Fontanka kachiwiri chitakonzedwa ndi kulimbitsa njira, komanso ntchito anayamba ndi wamanga A. V. Kvasovym, anamanga alimbane ndi embankments lubwe, misewu ndi mibadwo mtsinje. Mu zaka za m'ma XIX, mtsinje m'dera la pano Vitebsk Station anali olumikizidwa kwa mzere kulambalala mwa Vvedensky, oyesa kufika ena magalimoto ndi m'manda mu zaka 1967-1969. Mu 1892, Fontanka anayamba kupita zombo anthu. Panopa, mtsinje awiri-njira magalimoto mabwato ang'onoang'ono ngalawa yaikulu alendo. M'nyengo yozizira, ulimi wa njira Council City inachitika pa ayezi rinks anthu.

madzi akumwa

Zochepa chabe pamalangizo madzi akumwa kwa anthu ozungulira zinachitikadi pa zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Madzi chimadzera mu mbiya wobiriwira, motsutsana ndi Neva, chotengera zoyera, ndi chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa aakulu mobwerezabwereza anakhala chifukwa cha miliri ya matenda gastro-m'mimba. Zikuluzikulu yomanga zomera mankhwala ndi kufika zimbudzi mu wa Neva Bay bwino zinthu zachilengedwe, ndipo mu 1970 kumbuyo mu mtsinje nsomba.

Biota

Major zomera palibe wonse pa Neva Mtsinje, zomera nyanja komanso, monga m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo wodzaza ndi mwala. Fontanka Mtsinje (chithunzi m'munsimu) sali wolemera zomera. Anapeza nsomba moyo malire m'munsi wa Neva Mtsinje ndi ankadziwana, kuphatikizapo whitefish, bream ndi lamprey. Patsogolo ulimi mu mtsinje anali osayenera ambiri ndi nsomba, anabweretsa zogulitsa ku malire chapamwamba wa Neva Mtsinje ndi Nyanja Ladoga. Panopa, chifukwa cha abwino a madzi mankhwala, nsomba mu ankadziwana wa Neva likupitirirabe pa magombe a Fontanka mchitidwe zamasewela nsomba, ngakhale akatswiri musati amalangiza kudya wagwidwa ake rotan ndi yowawitsa. Nsomba za milatho ndi koletsedwa. avifauna ikuyimiridwa ndi ochiritsira Petersburg kwa mitundu waterfowl - abakha ndi seagulls.

milatho

Pagombe zimenezi mtsinje amadzimadzi monga Fontanka mtsinje ogwirizana ndi milatho 15, amene zokonda zake zazikulu. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi: zovala, mmodzi wa kuwoloka mwala woyamba kumangidwa ku St. Petersburg, Anichkov, wotchuka Kukwera Akavalo magulu chosema ntchito Klodt, ndipo mlatho Aigupto, chokongoletsedwa ndi sphinxes awiri ndi anayi pulasitala zitsulo nyale-zipilala. Itapita omaliza pa mtsinje ayezi Jan. 20, 1905 chifukwa kumveka akuwuka pa ndime ya squadron cha Hatchi-Grenadier Regiment, ndipo pomaliza kubwezeretsedwa okha 1955-1956. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, linamangidwa zisanu ndi ziwiri zofanana unyolo mlatho utali matabwa. Awa Lomonosovski (poyamba Chernyshev) ndi Old-Kalinkin kusungidwa mpaka odziwika, koma mbali yofunika m'malo mwa chitsulo ndi zitsulo.

zowoneka

Pafupi ndi Chilimwe Garden mu zaka 1715-1722 anaikidwa particularity doko la zombo zapanyanja, kumene mpaka 1762 zinamangidwa ziwiya zing'onozing'ono wamba. Pa mapeto a XVIII m'ma pa malo a vinyo ndi mchere ake malo zinamangidwa, nchifukwa chake m'dera amatchedwa Salt City. Kuyambira zovuta izi mapulani anasunga matchalitchi a St. Panteleimon. Danga pansipa lamanzere gombe la Anichkov mlatho inamangidwa mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX. Pali chakhazikika pa Law School, ndiye - Sheremetev Palace (Kasupe House) ndi Anny Ahmatovoy Museum, ndipo zakale Institute Catherine. Pa mphambano ya Nevsky Chiyembekezo nyumba ya Prince Beloselsky-Belozersky, ndiye kale Izmailovo munda ndi chuma cha ndakatulo Derzhavin.

M'mphepete lamanja la posungira wotchedwa Fontanka mtsinje St Petersburg pa Tikafika nthambi ndi pandunji pa Chilimwe Garden ndi Mikhailovsky Castle, anamanga ngati okhala Paulo Ine, ndipo amene tsopano ndi nthambi ya Russian Museum. Kenako panabwera Shuvalov Palace, kumene kowonera zakale patokha Faberge, Anichkov Palace, gulu loyimba wa Lomonosov lalikulu ndi nyumba ya Utumiki wakale Affairs Internal anamangidwa mu 1830 ndi Carlo Rossi. Palinso milimo ya St. Petersburg State masewera aja, Big Drama Theatre, Yusupov Palace, ndi pafupi pakamwa - thupi Admiralty sitima. Mu 1994, pa seafront pa St. Michael Castle ndi chipilala cha folklore finch-Pyzhik, mmodzi wa wamng'ono St. Petersburg. Izi ndi Fontanka mtsinje, mbiri ya zomwe ndi nkhani kwambiri ndi zofunika boma.