Wild mbuzi: mitundu kufotokoza, kugawa chakudya

anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti makolo a mbuzi wamba zoweta ndi mbuzi zam'tchire. Kunja kumaoneka pakati pa iwo ndi kusiyana kwambiri ngakhale khalidwe chimodzimodzi. Komabe, iwo ndi mizu wamba. Millennium unachitikira pafupi ndi munthu, kwakhudza ziweto. Komabe, lero m'dziko lokhalamo anthu ndi mbuzi zam'tchire. Ndi za iwo, tikufuna kulankhula za m'nkhaniyi.

mbuzi zam'tchire phiri

mbuzi zam'tchire, amene akukhalabe kuthengo, mwina ndinu makolo a mbuzi lero m'banja. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, subspecies. M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za ena a iwo. Wild mbuzi - ndi nyama ruminant, amene tsopano, malingana ndi gulu, pali eyiti khumi mitundu. Iwo makamaka amakhala m'madera a mapiri. nyama zimenezi agile kwambiri, Hardy, kupulumuka pa dziko ndi zomera ochepa kwambiri. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mitundu itatu: pazithunzi, mbuzi ndi mbuzi. Tiyeni tikambirane za ena a iwo.

nyanga mbuzi

Kodi kagwere-nyanga mbuzi? Markhor amakhala ku Turkmenistan (m'mapiri Kugitang), Tajikistan (m'deralo Mitandadza Darvazsky, Babatag ndi Kugitangtau), Uzbekistan (mu malire chapamwamba za Amu Darya), Afghanistan, East Pakistan ndi gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India.

Kunja, ndi markhor si monga anthu onse ena mbuzi phiri. nyanga zake ndi mawonekedwe wapadera, chifukwa zoona, iye wotchedwa markhor. Horn anapotoza motsatana angapo, lamanja anapotoza lamanja ndi kumanzere - bwino. Amuna ndi mbali mu mawonekedwe a ndevu zazitali ndi tsitsi obiriwira pachifuwa pake. nyama mtundu zimasiyanasiyana wofiira imvi. oimira wamwamuna angafikire 80-120 makilogalamu, yopambana akazi ndi kulemera kawiri. Kutalika kwa markhor ukufika mita imodzi.

Kodi moyo kagwere cha nyanga mbuzi, si chotero wolemera zosiyanasiyana chakudya, choncho m'chilimwe zakudya ndi maziko a zomera herbaceous, koma m'miyezi yozizira mu maphunzirowa ndi woonda nthambi za mitengo. Ngakhale pamene mbuzi oopsa mdani akadali msipu zina adakweza ndi kuonera zinthu. Koma amaiwala chilombo, iwo nthawi yomweyo chimabisika view. Markhor zimapezeka zambiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo pamene zikufuna pamodzi m'magulu wopangidwa mwa anthu 15-20. Mu markhor zakutchire, kawirikawiri sakhala oposa khumi. Koma ziweto anali kumalo osungira, kukhala chete ndi makumi awiri.

Zapadnokavkazsky kapena Kuban ulendo

nyama zimenezi achisomo kwambiri. Caucasus tur amakhala m'malire Georgia ndi Russia. Dera malo ake si lalikulu kwambiri ndipo ndi chabe Mzere yopapatiza ya malo pafupifupi 4,500 makilomita lalikulu, lomwe nthawi zonse m'mbuyo chifukwa zochita za anthu.

Ulendo Kuban imatengedwa ndi Union la International kwa Conservation ya Nature mitundu, amene ali pangozi yaikulu. Panopa, padziko lonse, palibe anthu oposa 10,000. Mu zakutchire Caucasus tur zambiri amapezeka ndi vostochnokavkazskim, kubweretsa kuwala kuoneka anthu hybrid sangathe kubereka. Ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa kuchepetsa anthu.

Kuban maulendo chibadwa pafupi ndi bezoar mbuzi, ndi kufanana kunja ndi maulendo Dagestan angafotokozedwe mwakusakaniza, lomwe zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kufufuza kwatsopano sayansi.

Maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe zapadnokavkazskogo ulendo

Caucasus tur ali wamphamvu kwambiri ndi chachikulu kukula kwa thupi. amuna achikulire kulemera pakati pa 65 ndi 100 makilogalamu. Koma akazi ndi pang'ono otsika kulemera (palibe makilogalamu oposa 60). Choncho, lipenga akazi kwambiri zosakwana amuna. Nyanga amuna m'malo chachikulu ndi katundu, kufika kutalika 75 masentimita. Koma awiri awo si wamkulu monga Mwachitsanzo, vostochnokavkazskih nthumwi. Koma michira ya akazi ndi amuna a chomwecho. The kumtunda kwa ulendo wa Kuban ali pabuka-bulauni mtundu, ndi pansi - wachikasu. Mu odula yozizira ndi grayish-bulauni kulocha, amene amalola nyama kufanana ndi chilengedwe.

Zapadnokavkazskie maulendo mosamala kwambiri. Akuluakulu m'nyengo yotentha kutali mu mapiri, osalola munthu alankhule nawo. Koma akazi amakhala ng'ombe yaing'ono, m'madera mwawo matriarchy ulamuliro. Akazi chinkhoswe mu maphunziro a nyama, kuthandiza kuti mzake. Zinaonetsa kuti akazi ndi wachikondi amayi, ngati ngozi iwo konse kutaya ana awo mpaka otsiriza adzayesa kuba ana kwa alenje.

Amuna aukitsidwa m'chigulu cha ku unamwali ndi zaka 3-4 iwo anatulutsa, koma sangathe kukhala paokha, chifukwa pamodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Koma pa zaka 6-7, amuna amphamvu mokwanira kupikisana kwa mkazi.

M'nyengo yozizira, ndi Kuban maulendo nthawi pamodzi ziweto zambiri za amuna ndi akazi osiyana chifukwa onse pamodzi n'kosavuta kusuntha ozizira. Panthawi zimenezi, chakudya amakhala ochepa, choncho nyama osati kudya udzu wouma, anapeza pansi chisanu, komanso umeze ndi coniferous makungwa, kudziluma zanthete za birches, misondodzi ndi masingano paini, ndi chilakolako zosaneneka, iwo amadya masamba a Ivy ndi zakuda.

Himalaya tahr

Himalaya tahr - mbuzi, amene nthawi zina amatchedwanso mbuzi agwape. Chinyama zikuwoneka kwenikweni ngati mbuzi, koma ali ndi tsitsi lalitali bulauni-wofiira, wamtali mpaka mita imodzi. Tara, monga ulamuliro, yesetsani kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono banja. Nthawi zina iwo abwera pamodzi mu ng'ombe, analipo 30-40 anthu. Tara mosamala kwambiri ndi pa ngozi pang'ono akuthamanga pa miyala m'nkhalango, mosavuta kupewa otsetsereka. Pa nyengo mating, nyama akumenyana ndi nyanga mzake, kumenyana pa mkazi.

Arabia Tahr

Arabia Tahr amakhala m'dera limodzi lokha padziko lapansi - m'dera lamapiri Hajar mu Arabiya, zomwe mwina inali m'dera la Oman, mwina - ndi kumadera a ku United Arab Emirates. Nyama moyo mu mapiri ndi ovuta mu nyengo youma kwambiri.

Arabia Tahr ali ndi thupi wandiweyani, miyendo amphamvu, oyenera kukwera zitunda zazitali phompho. nyama ndi zophimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali pabuka-bulauni mtundu, ndi lamizeremizere mdima akuthamanga pamodzi kumbuyo. Akazi ndi amuna yaitali, recurved nyanga.

Siberia Mbuzi ya kumapiri

Siberia Mbuzi ya kumapiri - ndi anthu a mapiri miyala. Awo kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo abale moyo kwenikweni pa okwera treeless ndi kumpoto - mu zone ya nkhalango. Nyama chachikulu ndi miyendo kwambiri akupangidwa ndi yaitali nyanga saber woboola pakati. Amuna amakhala akuluakulu kuposa akazi, ndi kufika makilogalamu zana ndi msinkhu wawo pa zinafota imasiyana pakati pa 67 ndi 110 cm. Iwo amakhala Siberia Mbuzi ya kumapiri pa miyala phiri otsetsereka pamalo okwera osiyana. Angapezeke mu Mongolia, Sayan ndi Altai.

Alps mbuzi

Alpine Mbuzi ya kumapiri - ndi nthumwi za mbuzi phiri, kuwona n'chotheka mu Alps. Iwo amakhala pamalo okwera mamita 3500 ndi kukonda kudabwa alendo cha luso lawo kukwera ovuta phompho. Nyama zimasangalala mu mapiri, pa malire a nkhalango ndi matalala. M'nyengo yozizira pofunafuna mbuzi chakudya amakakamizidwa kupita pansi pang'ono, koma iwo kutero kawirikawiri, monga Alps meadows ndi owopsa kwa iwo mwa mawu a zilombo. Koma mbuzi anasonyezanso kusamala ndi kale lonse. Kupita kumwa kapena chabe kuti odyetserako ziweto, iwo nthawi zonse kusiya watchdog mbuzi kuti akhoza nthawi kuchenjeza anthu za kuopsa.

mbuzi Alpine - ndi nyama zazikulu, miyeso angafikire makilogalamu zana pa kukula kwa theka mita. Akazi, kumene zambiri modzichepetsa kukula, kulemera nkomwe abwera kwa makilogalamu makumi anai. Ngati asuweni awo Siberia, iwo kudzitama nyanga chidwi. Amuna, iwo akhoza kufika mita imodzi, koma gawo lino akazi ndi pang'ono ang'onoang'ono.

Nyanga za nyama si yokongola, koma chida kwambiri. Pakati pa November ndi January akuyamba kuswana nyengo. Panthawi imeneyi, amuna osakwatira kuyamba kuyang'ana kwa gulu yabwino akazi, shooing iwo kuchokera Otsutsa onse. Nthawi zambiri, ali nawo ndewu awa hardball, chida chachikulu chomwe chiri wamphamvu nyanga. Popeza anapambana gulu la mbuzi, nyama akhalabe kwa kanthawi, ndipo aliyense amachichita mkazi akubala ana imodzi kapena ziwiri. Pa chaka chamawa iwo kudyetsa ana awo mkaka.

Kenako, m'badwo wakula khalidwe monga mbuzi zina zakutchire, mitundu ya amene anatipatsa m'nkhani: yaikazi sasiya nkhosa zake, koma wamkulu amuna ndi kusiya. Kumayambiriro kwa ufulu amuna kuyesera kulenga nkhosa zawo, koma monga ulamuliro, iwo mwamsanga apasuke.

History of Alpine mbuzi

Panopa mu Alps, pali 30-40 zikwi za nyama. Koma m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mbuzi Alpine anali pafupi pafupi kuwonongedwa. Ndipo chinthu ndi kuti anthu akale ankakhulupirira Mbuzi ya kumapiri lachinsinsi zopatulika okhalapo. ubweya awo, mafupa ndi magazi nthawi zina amati ndi katundu kwambiri zachilendo, kuphatikizapo kuchiritsa matenda. Zonsezi zapangitsa kuti zimene anayamba mwachangu kusaka nyama.

Ndi 1816 Alpine mbuzi ndi osapitirira zana. Chinali chozizwitsa anatha kupulumutsa. Onse alipo tsopano Alpine mbuzi analitengera ilo ku zana. Kenako, nyama unatengedwa kukuteteza, pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka.