Features ya kapangidwe ndi moyo crustacean. Mtengo wa nkhono mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

Nthambi ya zamoyo nkhawa ndi kuphunzira zamoyo zokhala lonse wamoyo, amatchedwa zinyama. Mmodzi mwa zigawo zake akulankhula ndi gulu la ziweto multicellular - crustacean. Kapangidwe awo, makhalidwe a moyo, komanso mtengo wa nkhono mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

systematics nkhanu

Pakati majeremusi nyama zonse zopanda mafupa okhala dziko lathuli, nyama kuima, amene amaphatikiza Arthropods mtundu. Nkhanu ndinu mmodzi wa superclasses wa taxon uyu, amene mamembala moyo makamaka mu madzi kapena nyanja. ena a iwo, monga woodlice ndi dziko nkhanu okha amakhala m'madera yonyowa dziko. Mu Superclass nkhanu monga: kalasi m'munsi khansa ndi kalasi apamwamba (decapod) khansa.

Zikatero, aliyense wa taxa izi tichipeza magulu ang'onoang'ono taxonomic - magulu. M'munsi nkhanu ndi maziko a zooplankton, choncho ndi zofunika mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo. Kwenikweni, monga mmodzi wa limasonyeza woyamba mu mphamvu unyolo chakudya, khansa m'munsi ndi chakudya chodalirika nsomba ndi nyama za m'madzi. Zikomo kuti mamembala a dongosolo isopods, copepods ndi cladocerans, zolengedwa za m'nyanja kupeza mapuloteni zonse zakudya monga mbali ya khansa m'munsi thupi monga polypeptides zidyeke.

Mu gulu la nkhanu apamwamba zikuphatikizapo wagawo chimodzi - decapod, woimiridwa ndi nyama monga nkhanu, nkhanu za mtundu, nkhanu za mtundu ndi shrimp.

nkhanu Avilable

Chifukwa cha kugawikana mu makalasi a nyama pamwamba kusiyana konse mu dongosolo kunja kwa zinthu izi. Kansa m'munsi monga Cyclops (copepods detachment), daphnia (Cladocera detachment), chickweed (Isopoda detachment), thupi zizindikiro chiwerengero si nthawi zonse zigawo (zigawo) pa pamimba ndi kwina nthambi. Mu gawo lotsiriza, ndi maphunziro enieni - foloko. thupi ndi yofewa ndipo woonda chitin chipolopolo, imene translucent ziwalo za m'kati nyama.

The apamwamba a nkhanu, amene oimira ndi zovuta chitinous chipolopolo impregnated ndi laimu, ndipo ngakhale okhwima kulekana kwa thupi pa cephalothorax ndi pamimba ndi chiwerengero zonse zigawo mu iwo. Choncho, nsomba zazinkhanira golovogrudnom mu gawo 5 8 zigawo, motero, ndi mimba ali 6 zigawo. Komanso malacostraca, motsutsana ndi miyendo m'munsi, ndi kusambira pa pamimba.

Kagayidwe ndi yofunika ntchito

Monga zinanenedwa kale, moyo makamaka nkhanu mu madzi. Choncho, iwo otchedwa anasonyeza idioadaptation - anatengera kwa malo enieni: mpweya mu pamwamba thupi kapena makutu streamlined mawonekedwe thupi, chipolopolo ongokhala chitin ndi impregnated ndi chinthu madzi sangalowe - carbonate calcium.

Systems wa nkhanu monga magazi m'mapapo ndi aimpso kupereka homeostasis - yokonza mlingo kagayidwe kachakudya yachibadwa. Tikumbukenso kuti nkhanu onse osati chatsekedwa mitsempha ya magazi, ndi mtima thumba amaoneka ngati thupi pentagonal ndi awiriawiri 3 kuli nthambi. Kuchokera ku cephalothorax ndi pamimba achoke mitsempha kuti kunyamula magazi amanyamula chakudya ndi mpweya ziwalo zonse za nyama, chifukwa mu wosanganiza thupi M'mimbamo, wotchedwa miksotselem. Chifukwa ali kale magazi venous akulowa makutu, amene anamasulidwa ku mpweya woipa ndi mpweya, osatembenukira ku wolumikizira. Kudzera tizibowo pericardium, iye amapita mwachindunji mtima.

Szczytno - mtundu gulu la nkhanu

nyama zimenezi, omwe ndi gulu la anthu madzi oyera akhoza kukhalamo amatunga ephemeral. Pamene madzi ukuphwera, iye schiten nakumba pansi ndipo nthawi zina sasiya umoyo wake. The mazira anayakira zazikazi pansi pa mosungiramo akhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka 15. Iwo mosavuta adatengedwa ndi mphepo pamodzi ndi particles dothi, kotero Szczytno moyo kulikonse kupatula Antarctica ndi zipululu African.

Lifecycle nkhanu

The oimira superclass izi kukumana njira zonsezi wake wosavuta, monga chitukuko mwachindunji nsomba zazinkhanira, ndi zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko larval. Pankhaniyi, chitukuko amatchedwa zina. Ndi mmene magulu a copepods ndi cladocerans, komanso amapezeka khansa apamwamba Mwachitsanzo, lobusitara kapena nsomba zazinkhanira. Nkhanu, oimira amene ali pelagic kapena planktonic larval mawonekedwe, amatchedwa nauplii ndi zoea, inafalitsidwa mu chikhalidwe: ndi anthu a madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja Australia, North America ndi ku Ulaya. Onse mbali ya kayendedwe ka moyo wa nkhanu olamulidwa ndi kachitidwe kawo endocrine anapereka androgenic postkomissuralnymi ndi nkusani zopangitsa. Iwo secrete mahomoni kuti zonse ndondomeko ya kutha msinkhu moult ndi kusintha kwa mphutsi mu akulu.

Mtengo wa nkhono mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

Nyama a detachment wa decapods monga nkhanu za mtundu (nkhanu za mtundu), nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhanu, ndi malonda mitengo yofunika kwambiri kupereka chakudya chokoma anthu ndi nyama mkulu-mapuloteni. Chofunika kwambiri ndi akuluakulu a nsomba zazinkhanira m'munsi: cyclops, daphnia, abulu madzi, ndiwo chakudya cha nsomba Mwachitsanzo, monga nsomba ndi Nsombazi.

Nsomba zazinkhanira, lomwe limatchedwa atumiki chipatala, kuyeretsa pansi pa zatsalira akufa organic. Ngakhale mtengo wa nkhono mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu pa milandu yosatheka abwino, koma nyama zina ndi zoipa, monga nsabwe carp adzitaya ikuluikulu ya nsomba malonda. Cyclops A ali wapakatikati makamu mphutsi parasitic: Guinea mphutsi ndi njoka zam'mimba za matepi lonse.

Taona kuti nyama zina mu Arthropods mtundu, ndi mgwirizano zofunika m'chilengedwe chilengedwe cha dziko lathuli ndi kufunika nkhanu mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu sayenera saganizira. Ena mitundu ya nyama (mwachitsanzo, mtsinje shirokopaly khansa, mantis) ali m'gulu pangozi, ndipo chitayiko chawo ndi chilango mwa lamulo.