Chiphunzitso cha elites

Chiphunzitso cha osankhika mu mawonekedwe chakale limabweretsa kanjedza monga Pareto, Mosca, Michels. Iwo anaika maziko a chitukuko wotsatira mfundo. Chiphunzitso yamakono ya elites ndi yosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi madera angapo.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo chiphunzitso cha Machiavellian sukulu osankhika. Kuweta mfundo malangizo lino yagawidwa motere:

1. Elitist aliyense anthu anazindikira. Chigawo ake mu ambiri chabe ndipo adzalamulira ochepa (mwayi) ndi masoka njira, chifukwa cha chitukuko chirengedwe cha munthu ndi dziko.
2. Osankhika ali makhalidwe wapadera maganizo. Maphunziro ndi luso lachibadwa, poyamba pa zonse, kudziwa udindo wa izo.
3. Pali gulu cohesion. Pamene ubale ikuchitika osati malinga ndi malo chikhalidwe kapena udindo akatswiri, komanso pamaso pa kutsitsimuka osankhika, maganizo wosanjikiza makamaka amene ntchito - kulamulira anthu.
4. Osankhika ndi ufulu wake utsogoleri m'njira ndale, mu digiri imodzi kapena misa wina losadziwika.
5. anthu Elitist yodziwika ndi structural kukhalirira, ngakhale kusintha zikuchokera munthu. M'mawu ena, kwenikweni kukhala asapita zikutsatiridwa kulamulira.
6. Elites zikusintha ndipo anapanga mu njira ya kulimbana kwa mphamvu. Udindo anthu ali okonzeka kutenga kwambiri, ali ndi luso lapadera zachuma ndi maganizo a anthu. Komabe, palibe amene amafuna mwaufulu cede malo awo kapena positi.

chiphunzitso wapatali m'gulu mwayi osankhika anthu kwa zaphindu mphamvu zazikulu chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, udindo wa otsatira lingaliro ili ndi lililonse limatisokoneza kwambiri poyerekezera ndi demokalase. Ambiri, Gululi chiphunzitso ichi amakonda kuchigwirizanitsa (chiphunzitso) kwa moyo weniweni wa democracies ano. Pakati mbali yaikulu ya lingaliro ili, tisaiwale:

1. Osankhika ndi chofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe mchitidwe anapatsidwa ntchito yapamwamba ndi zochitika zofunika kwambiri makampani a boma.
2. The mwayi, wamphamvu udindo wa anthu mkulu zofuna za anthu onse, chifukwa ndi asonyeza ndi njira imene anthu, kuvekedwa ndi cholinga abwino.
3. Mapangidwe osankhika a anthu si chifukwa cha kulimbana kwa mphamvu, komanso chifukwa kusankha achilengedwe a mtengo wapatali kwambiri anthu.
4. Mwayi kwa magulu likugwa kuchokera kufanana mwayi, popanda motsutsana ndi chikhulupiriro chamakono wa demokalase. Pankhaniyi, kulingana chikhalidwe ndi kuwamva monga kuyanjana kwa mipata yopezeka, osati udindo kapena zotsatira. Mu nkhani ya lochitira koyamba mu mphamvu, nzeru, demokalase ntchito awonetsetse kuti pafupifupi chimodzimodzi zinthu poyambira. Komabe, pa mapeto iwo kubwera ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Kenako chiphunzitso elites limasonyeza lingaliro la "elitism demokalase." Lingaliro ndi kumvetsetsa demokalase ngati mawonetseredwe mpikisano atsogoleri kuthekera kwa mavoti ndi chidaliro omwe adzaponye chisanko. Utsogoleri wosanjikiza amaonedwa osati monga gulu ali ndi makhalidwe ofunika kasamalidwe, komanso ngati mtetezi wa mfundo za demokalase.

Lingaliro la multiplicity a osankhika wokanayo wosanjikiza izi mu mawonekedwe a gulu limodzi. magulu mwayi, monga mwa chiphunzitso ichi, ambiri ovutika chifukwa m'dera lililonse la ntchito.

The otsutsana a lingaliro ili ndi lamanzere owolowa manja chiphunzitso. The pamwamba pa bungwe, monga otsatira ake, ali gulu kulamulira, amene salola ena alionse kwa BOMA.

Chiphunzitso cha elites ndale kuthandauza kwa anthu mwayi ochepa kudzidalira, ali mkulu zandale, ndiponso maganizo makhalidwe amene amachita nawo mwachindunji kupanga ndikukhazikitsa zosankha zimene zimagwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro onse kapena mphamvu pa iye.