Zachitsulo luster sulfure: Kodi pali? Thupi ndi mankhwala katundu sulfure

Sulfa ndi 10 wambiri mchitidwe m'chilengedwe chonse. Ndi odorless, ndi zoipa, pulasitiki olimba yowala chikasu. Elementi yosachedwa kusakanikirana, amene m'mikhalidwe yabwino, pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zonse, kupatula mpweya, golide ndi pulatinamu. Zachitsulo luster sulfure alipo ena mankhwala sulfure koma osati mu mawonekedwe woyera. Sulfa limapezeka zosintha zosiyanasiyana allotropic, omwe losiyana mu solubility, yokoka yeniyeni, dongosolo la galasi ndi zokhazikika ena. Atadziŵa mpweya wangwiro, kuyaka amapezeka mtundu buluu kupanga ndi okusayidi sulfure.

Kodi pali zachitsulo Sheen pa sulfure chiyani?

Gloss - ndi luso chinthu kuonetsa kuwala kwa kuwala. Mundawu mwachindunji amadalira kumangidwa zenizeni mankhwala mchere, ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe. Zachitsulo luster sulfure ndi bwino kuonekera pa ndi mwatsopano lamamatira padziko chitsanzo, amene iwo akulowa. Mu mawonekedwe sulfure zachilengedwe limapezeka mu mawonekedwe a ufa chikasu. Pamene gawo la sulfides ndi sulfates, akhoza kupanga kuchuluka kwa mchere, ena ndi wofunika ores ndi gwero yopangira zitsulo nonferrous. The sulfides zitsulo ndi sulfure gloss - galasi, stibnite, galena, chalcocite, chalcopyrite.

zambiri

Sulfa uli gulu la zinthu chalcogen, kodi ndi mpweya, selenium, tellurium ndi polonium. Mawu akuti "chalcogen" anachokera ku mawu awiri achigiriki otanthauza "miyala-n'kupanga." Miyala ndi mchere zachilengedwe ntchito monga gwero kwa mchitidwe wa. ores ambiri zitsulo mankhwala kapena zitsulo ndi mpweya, ndi sulfure. Mankhwala okhala ndi zinthu osachepera awiri, mmodzi amene ndi sulfure, wotchedwa sulfides. Mwachitsanzo, galasi - ndi mchere kuti ali wokongola wagolide mtundu ndi luster zachitsulo, ndi chitsulo sulfide. Iye imatchedwanso "golide waopusa." Thupi ndi mankhwala khalidwe katundu sulfure akhala kuyambira masiku amakedzana. Nthawi zambiri ndi wanzeru chikasu ufa. Pamene iyo imayaka, umathandiza munthu mbee lawi ndi amphamvu kwambiri lokhuthala lolepheretsa anthu kupuma fungo.

Sulfa: thupi ndi katundu mankhwala

katundu thupi la sulfa ndi mikhalidwe imene zingaoneke kudzera maganizo. Zikuphatikizapo mtundu, luster, kutentha yozizira koopsa, limatsogolera ndi kuwira mfundo osalimba, kuuma ndi kununkhira. ndi thupi khalidwe katundu sulfure chiyani? thunthu ali wotumbululuka chikasu, zoipa ndi odorless, sungunuka m'madzi. Ndi wochititsa osauka kutentha ndi magetsi. Zachitsulo luster sulfure zingaoneke okha mankhwala enieni. Kuwira mfundo ya 444,6 ° C. Pa kusungunuka, sulfure ndi anatembenukira kwa madzi chikasu madzimadzi zimene zimawononga azioneka brownish ndipo woderapo viscous misa pa kutentha pafupifupi 190 ° C. Kukhuthala amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo (pa 190 ° C) ndi pa ° 300 C amakhalanso sulfure madzi.

ndi katundu mankhwala a sulfa chiyani?

Izi makhalidwe omwe kudziwa mmene angachite ndi zinthu zina, kapena pa kusintha kwa pawiri wina ndi mzake. Timudziwa bwino chikhalidwe cha nkhani iyi, ndi bwino timatha kumvetsa izo. Chemical katundu zitha kuwoneka pa mankhwala anachita, kumene kumabwera ndi kusintha kuyaka, rusting, Kutentha, kabotolo, fogged, ndi zina zotero. Mumadziwika mankhwala yokhudza sulfure: sulfite sodium, sulfide wa hydrogen (a mpweya poizoni zomwe fungo ngati mazira owola) ndi asidi sulfuric. Reactivity si mkulu, makamaka pa apamwamba kutentha. Mkangano, umakaphatikizana ndi zitsulo kupanga sulfides lolingana.

Kupezeka kwa chinthu chofunika kwambiri

Dzina la mchitidwe chimapezeka ngakhale lembo m'Baibulo pofotokozera kugwa kwa mizinda iwiri ya Sodomu ndi Gomora, pamene iwo mungagunde kuchokera kumwamba moto ndi sulfure. Ancient Agiriki anakhulupirira kuti chirichonse wapangidwa zinthu zinayi: lapansi, moto, madzi ndi mpweya. Komabe, panali anthu amene anawaitana zinthu ziwiri zokha: sulfure ndi mankhwala enaake. anzeru oyambirira ankagwiritsa anasokoneza pa zimene mawu akuti "sulfure". Pakuti iwo nkhani linali kuyaka bwino ndi exuded wambirimbiri utsi. Panapita zaka za asayansi kudziwa chinthu monga mchitidwe wa. Sulfa alipo m'njira ziwiri allotropic (Alpha ndi mitundu beta), ndi katundu osiyana thupi ndi mankhwala. sulfure gloss ndi khalidwe Mkhalidwe wa kamwazi kuwala kuwalitsa mchere zikuchokera umene ali nawo. Part opaque mchere ndi luso kwambiri kuonetsa kuwala ndipo ali ndi yeniyeni zachitsulo kuwala.

Zadzidzidzi m'chilengedwe

Panthawiyo, madipoziti sulufule zili zigawo padziko Lapansi. Iwo mosavuta anapeza ndi ntchito ndi anthu. Lero tagwirizana ndi zimenezo n'zovuta kwambiri, monga panopa malo miyala zachilengedwe sulfure zili umakhala pafupi mapiri. thunthu yamasulidwa zimaphala mu mawonekedwe a mafuta amene ali pamsonkhano ndi solidifies ozizira mpweya kupanga okongola madipoziti chikasu Mphepete mwa phiri. nkhokwe Large adakali ndi chiyambi mobisa. Sulfa ndi anapezeka ku nambala ya mchere wofunika: barite (barium sulfate), Celestine (strontium sulphate), cinnabar (Mercury sulphide), galena (kutsogolera sulfide), galasi (chitsulo sulfide), sphalerite (nthaka sulphide) ndi stibnite (antimony sulfide).

isotopes sulfure

Pali zinthu zinayi mwachibadwa zikuchitika isotope la: sulufule 32, sulufule 33, sulufule 34 kapena sulfa 36 amasiyana ndi mzake ndi chiwerengero chawo misa. Ichi ndi chiwerengero cha mapulotoni neutrons mu phata la mchitidwe atomu. chiwerengero cha mapulotoni amasonyeza amafotokozera, ndipo chiwerengero cha neutrons mu atomu a mbali iliyonse zingasiyane. Palinso isotopes asanu nyukiliya kuti kuwola ndi zimatulutsa mtundu wa poizoni. Mmodzi wa iwo - sulufule 35 - ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu mankhwala, ndi isotope ntchito kuphunzira madzi njira mkati thupi. Lilinso ndi ntchito kafukufuku wa sayansi monga chizindikiro.

ntchito

Sulfa zochepa ntchito ngati chinthu ichi. The katundu khalidwe monga khalidwe enieni a sulfur pa kusungunuka.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri mankhwala, ndondomeko kuwonjezera mphira kuti zimakhala zovuta. Sulfa akuzisunga mphira kwa limatsogolera pamene usavutike. Izi anapeza ndi Charles Goodyear mu 1839, ndi imodzi mwa zomwe wamkulu wa makampani ano.

Monga tizilombo, izo zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizilombo. Komabe, ambiri nawo mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Ofunika kwambiri awa ali ndi asidi sulfuric, ambiri mwa ntchito apange feteleza.

kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri wakhala analandira komanso makampani mafuta kupanga mankhwala pepala, mankhwala ulimi, mapulasitiki, labala ndi zipangizo kupanga. Amafotokozera n'kofunika chigawo chimodzi cha kwa amino zidulo awiri, cysteine ndi methionine. Ndiyamika amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, izo ntchito mankhwala a, kumabungwe zachipatala ndi mafakitale, mu gaseous mawonekedwe mankhwala ntchito monga oyeretsa wothandizira, ndi zosungunulira ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.