Sodomu ndi Gomora: tanthawuzo la mawu ofanana, mbiri ndi zolemba za Baibulo

Nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi mawu akuti "Sodomu ndi Gomora", koma anthu ochepa chabe amadziwa tanthauzo lake ndi chiyambi chake. Ndipotu, iyi ndi mizinda iwiri, yomwe nkhani ya m'Baibulo imalongosola. Malingana ndi nkhaniyi, iwo anatentha chifukwa cha machimo a anthu omwe ankakhala kumeneko. Kodi ndi machimo otani omwe tikukamba nawo? Kodi mizinda imeneyi inalipodi? Yankho la mafunso awa ndi ena ambiri omwe tiyesa kupereka m'nkhani ino. Kotero, Sodomu ndi Gomora: tanthawuzo la mawu ofotokozera, mbiri yeniyeni ndi mbiriyakale ..

Nthano ya m'Baibulo

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Sodomu ndi Gomora amatchulidwa kukhala chakumpoto chakumpoto cha Kanani, komwe kumadzulo kwa Gaza, komwe kumatchedwa dera lakummawa la Mtsinje wa Yordano. Apa panafika Loti, mphwake wa Abrahamu. M'Baibo, pali mau omwe Yerusalemu akulowetsa Sodomu kuchokera kumwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Anthu a ku Sodomu ankatchedwa Afilisti kapena Hanakeya mwachiyuda, ndipo mfumu ya mzindawo inali Ber.

Malingana ndi Baibulo, panthawi ya moyo wa Abrahamu panalinso nkhondo pakati pa ankhondo a Kedorlaomere ndi ankhondo a Sodomu, omwe pambuyo pake anagonjetsedwa, ndipo mphwake wa Abrahamu, Loti, adagwidwa ndi adani. Nkhani za m'Baibulo zimatchula kuti Sodomu anali wolemera komanso wokhala mumzinda, koma Ambuye Mulungu adalanga chilango chifukwa cha uchimo ndi zoipa, omwe anali ndi makhalidwe ambiri omwe anthu olungama sakanavomereza. Miyambo imatiuza kuti Mulungu adakhetsa sulufule ndi moto pamidzi iyi kuti awononge dziko lawo ndi anthu ake chifukwa cha zolakwika zawo. Kuwonjezera apo, malinga ndi Baibulo, Adma ndi Sevaim adawonongedwanso, ngakhale kuti asanakhalepo palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti iwo analipo. Pambuyo pa moto, dziko la Sodomu linakhala ndi mbadwa za Loti, okhawo omwe anatha kupeŵa moto, ndipo anakhala Moabu.

Kuyesera kupeza mzinda

Popeza Sodomu ndi Gomora amadziwikanso ngakhale kwa anthu osakhulupirira, amayesetsa kuti adziŵe zambiri zokhudza malo awo ndikupeza umboni wakuti iwo alipo. Choncho, pafupi ndi Nyanja Yakufa, kumwera kwakumadzulo, pali mapiri omwe amakhala ndi miyala yamchere ndipo amatchedwa Sodite. Zikuwoneka kuti izi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi mzinda wa Baibulo, koma zoona zenizeni palibe chifukwa chodziwika chifukwa chake dzina limeneli lasankhidwa. Chidwi cha nthano ya m'Baibulo ndi chachikulu kwambiri moti kuyambira 1965 mpaka 1979, mayesero asanu adayesedwa kuti apeze mzinda umene unatayika chifukwa cha machimo a anthu okhalamo, koma sadapambane. Mbiri ya Sodomu ndi Gomora siinasiyane ndi asayansi achi Russia omwe, pamodzi ndi a Jordani, anayesera kupeza chimene chinatsala mumzinda wakale.

Ndondomeko ya Michael Sanders

Mu 2000, wasayansi wina wa ku Britain dzina lake Michael Sanders anakhala mtsogoleri wa zofukulidwa zakale pofunafuna mizinda yowonongeka. Ntchito yawo inali yochokera pa mafano omwe anapezeka ku shuttle ya ku United States. Malinga ndi zithunzi izi, mzindawu ukhoza kukhala kumpoto -kummawa kwa Nyanja Yakufa, mosiyana ndi zonse za m'Baibulo. Asayansi anakhulupirira kuti adatha kupeza malo abwino kwambiri a Sodomu, mabwinja awo, omwe amaganiza, ali pansi pa Nyanja Yakufa.

Chigwa cha Yordano

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mabwinja akale a ku Tell el-Hammam mu Yordani, ndipo akhoza kukhala mzinda wa anthu ochimwa. Choncho, adasankha kuchita kafukufuku pa malowa kuti atsimikizire kapena kutsutsa maganizo. Zofufuzidwa motsogoleredwa ndi Stephen Collins, wasayansi wa ku America amene amadalira mbiri ya buku la Genesis, amatsimikizira kuti Sodomu anali kudera lakumwera kwa Chigwa cha Yordano, chomwe chazunguliridwa ndi mbali zonse.

"Sodomu ndi Gomora": tanthawuzo la mawu ofanana

Mawuwa amatanthauziridwa mochuluka, koma nthawi zambiri amatanthauza malo amwano, momwe miyezo ya makhalidwe a anthu imanyalanyazidwa. Zimakhalanso kuti mawu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kusokonezeka kodabwitsa. Kuchokera pa mayina a mzinda wa Sodomu mu Chirasha kunawoneka mawu akuti "sodomy", kutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri kugonana pakati pa anthu omwe amagonana nawo, ndiko kuti, kusagonana. Mizinda ya Sodomu ndi Gomora nthawi zambiri amakumbukiridwa ndi anthu molingana ndi izi.

Tanthawuzo la mawu otsogolera angathenso kutanthawuza kuti palibe chikhalidwe chogonana chomwe chimaganiziridwa kukhala chosayenera m'magulu amakono. Zochita izi zikuphatikizapo pakamwa, kugonana kwa abambo kapena kupotoza. Ambuye, molingana ndi nthano, mizinda yoononga, adalanga ochimwa kuti asonyeze dziko lonse lapansi zomwe zidzayembekezere anthu omwe amachita zachiwerewere ndi kusamvera.

Tchimo la Sodomu ndi Gomora

Malingana ndi malemba a m'Baibulo, anthu okhala mumzinda sanalangidwe kokha chifukwa chochita zachiwerewere, komanso chifukwa cha machimo ena, pakati pawo, kudzikonda, kunyada ndi ena, koma kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumadziwikabe kuti ndiwe wamkulu. Nchifukwa chiyani tchimo ili likudziwika ngati loopsya kwambiri, ndithudi silikudziwika, koma mu Baibulo ilo limatchedwa "chonyansa" pamaso pa Ambuye, ndipo nthano imalimbikitsa anthu "kuti asagone ndi mwamuna ngati mkazi."

N'zosadabwitsa kuti, anthu akale monga Afilisti, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunali chinthu chovomerezeka, ndipo palibe amene adatsutsa. Izi mwina chifukwa chakuti makolo awo anali mafuko achikunja ndi anthu okhala ku Kanani, kutali ndi chipembedzo cha Mulungu. Malinga ndi nthano, Ambuye, poopa kuti Ayuda adzalowanso kumoyo wochimwa, adawatumiza kudziko lolonjezedwa, ndipo adawalamula kuti awononge midzi kuti anthu awo asapitirize kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Pali ngakhale mzere mu Genesis umene umanena kuti chiwerewere chafalikira kwambiri m'mizinda ya Sodomu ndi Gomora kuti yadutsa malire onse, kotero iwo ayenera kuti awonongedwe.

Kusinkhasinkha mujambula

Mofanana ndi nthano zambiri ndi nthano zambiri, nkhani ya mizinda iwiri ya ochimwa ili ndi zojambulajambula. Nkhani ya m'Baibuloyi ikuwonetsedwa mu ntchito ya mlembi wamkulu wa ku Russian Anna Andreevna Akhmatova, yemwe analemba ndakatulo yakuti "Mkazi wa Loti". Mu 1962, ngakhale filimu inawonetsedwa, yomwe, makamaka, ikutanthauzira momasuka nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya mzinda wa ogwa. Kotero, mu Marcel Proust, mu ndondomeko yake yotchuka "Mufunafuna Nthawi Yowonongeka," ili ndi dzina lofanana, lomwe limatchula za mkhalidwe wamakhalidwe abwino, "Sodomu ndi Gomora." Zithunzi zosonyeza kunyenga ndi machimo ena, nthawi zambiri, zimakumbutsa anthu okhala mumidzi iyi, imene Ambuye mwiniyo anaganiza kuti awotche. Pali zojambula khumi ndi ziwiri zosonyeza mwana wa mphwake wa Abrahamu, Loti, ndi mwana wake wamkazi, yemwe, malinga ndi nthano, adagonana. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, malinga ndi nthano, oyambitsa a zibwenzi ndi ana aakazi omwe anatsala opanda amuna omwe akufuna kupitiliza mpikisano.

Loti, mphwake wa Abrahamu

Zakale kwambiri zomwe zimakhalapo ndi ntchito ya Albrecht Durer, yomwe imatchedwa "Flight Lot". Icho chimasonyeza mkulu, limodzi ndi ana awiri aakazi, ndipo patali mkazi wake amawonekera, ndipo zonse zimawoneka bwino kwambiri. Komabe, pamapeto pake ntchito za ambuye a nyengo zosiyana ndi mitsinje amatha kupeza kutanthauzira kwapadera. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya Simon Voue yomwe imatchedwa "Loti ndi mwana wake" imatisonyeza munthu wachikulire kale, akudodometsa yekha ndi ana ake aakazi amaliseche. Zithunzi zofananamo zimapezekanso ndi ojambula monga Hendrik Goltzius, Francesco Furini, Lucas Cranach, Domenico Maroli ndi ena ambiri.

Kutanthauzira za nthano za Baibulo

Malingana ndi Bukhu la Genesis, Sodomu ndi Gomora ndi mizinda imene Ambuye adalanga chifukwa chosamvera ndi kusamvera malamulo a dziko lapansi. Kodi mbiriyi ikuchitiridwa bwanji tsopano? Kodi asayansi akuganiza chiyani za zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya mizinda yochimwayi? Tsopano asayansi ena omwe ali okhudzana ndi chipembedzo amakhulupirira kuti zenizeni dziko lathu lamakono likugwedezeka mu zoyipa ndi zonyansa, koma ife timagwiritsidwa ntchito kotero kuti sitikudziwanso izo. Amakhulupirira kuti anthu amasiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zosiyana ndi Ambuye, kuti zonse zopotoka ndi zoyipa zakhala zikuzoloŵera. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti ife tiri pa njira yopita ku chiwonongeko, kutenga chirichonse chimene chimachitika pozungulira ife. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi mwa asayansi a ku Russia, Dokotala wa sayansi ya sayansi V. Plykin m'buku lake analemba kuti, posadziwa malamulo a chilengedwe chonse, anthu amasiku ano apanga malamulo awo omwe, kwenikweni, ali opangika, komanso osakhala moyo wolungama, amafa .

Wasayansi yemweyo amakhulupirira kuti kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi zamakono kumakhudza zoipa za maziko a anthu, zomwe zimangowonjezera zonse ndikubweretsa anthu pafupi ndi dziko lachiwerewere. Kodi Sodomu ndi Gomora ndi chiyani masiku ano? Ena amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chakuti anthu amangoganizira za momwe angatengere chilichonse kuchokera ku moyo popanda kusamala za zotsatira zake, anthu amapereka mphamvu zolakwika. Khulupirirani kapena ayi mu njira iyi, ichi, ndithudi, ndi ntchito ya aliyense. Mwinamwake simukuyenera kusintha malamulo akale kwa anthu amakono.

Chowonadi kapena nthano?

Nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya mizinda ya ochimwa imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Zolakolako zoterezi monga zachiwerewere, kudziletsa, kudzikuza, kudzikonda zachititsa kuti mizinda ya Sodomu ndi Gomora iwonongedwe. Nthanoyo imanena za anthu a Afilisti, omwe ali okhudzidwa kwambiri mu uchimo kotero kuti iwo sali woyenera kuyenda pa dziko la Ambuye Mulungu.

Tsopano, patapita zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pa zochitikazo, sikutheka kunena ngati mizinda imeneyi ilipodi ndipo idawotchedwa ndi "mvula ya sulfure ndi moto" chifukwa cha zovuta za anthu okhalamo. Kuyesera kwakukulu kunapangidwira kupeza malo otsalira a midziyi, koma kwenikweni palibe imodzi ya iwo yomwe inapambana.

Kutsiliza

Malinga ndi nthano, pamene angelo awiri anabwera kumzinda kuti akapeze anthu olungama khumi, adawona komweko ndi khalidwe loipa komanso lachinyengo. Ndipo Ambuye, wokwiya, adaganiza zowotcha mizinda ya Sodomu ndi Gomora. Kuti izi ndizochitika, zinalembedwa m'buku la Genesis, koma nthanoyo ndi nthano, ndipo umboni wofukulidwa pansi womwe ungatsimikizire kuti uwu sunapezeke. Komabe, kaya izi zinachitikadi kapena izi, monga nthano zambiri zakalekale, nthano zenizeni sizofunikira kwambiri. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri apa ndikuti tiphunzire phunziro kuchokera ku nkhaniyi kuti anthu amakono asagwedezeke ndi makhalidwe oipa komanso osayera ndipo sadzalangidwa mofanana ndi Afilisti akale omwe adayambitsa moto wa Sodomu ndi Gomora - mizinda iŵiri yodzaza ndi ochimwa.