Mbiri Kuwerengera Asilavo

Dongosolo la makono a limafotokozera ali zaka pang'ono kuposa zikwi ziwiri pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Yesu Khristu ndi zaka mazana ochepa zisanachitike izi. Komabe, pamaso pa Kubwera ya Chikhristu, mu maiko osiyanasiyana ndi njira zawo za kuyeza nthawi. Asilavo mafuko - yotero. Kale Chikhristu iwo anali kalendala zawo.

Chiyambi cha mawu akuti "kalenda"

Malinga ndi Baibulo boma, mawu akuti "kalendala" amachokera ku Latin. Mu Roma, chidwi ngongole yaperekedwa pa chiyambi cha mwezi uliwonse, ndi deta pa iwo analembedwa mu ngongole buku lotchedwa calendarium. Pambuyo pake, anali ku mutu buku, panali mawu akuti "kalendala", anafika Asilavo kwa Chikhristu.

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti liwu anachokera ku mawu akuti "Kolyadin Dar" (mphatso za Khirisimasi Carols), amene amatchedwa n'chimene. Asilavo chiyambi ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira n'zotheka. Ena a iwo amakhulupirira kuti Aroma anabwereka mawu "kalendala" wa Asilavo, osati mosemphanitsa. Weruzani nokha: kumasulira mawu calendarium, komanso mudziwe mmene zokhudza ngongole ndi mabuku - palibe. Ndipotu Latin ngongole - debitum, ndi buku - libellus.

Mibadwo ya Kubadwa kwa Yesu

Ndi chiphadzuwa yathu ino kuchokera pa kubadwa kwa Khristu kuposa zaka 2000. Komabe, mwambo popeza tawerenga chaka ntchito za zaka chikwi, chifukwa ngakhale ndi kuzindikira Chikhristu ndi chipembedzo cha boma la Ufumu wa Roma, chaka anapitiriza kuyeza kuchokera masiku chidziko zofunika. Kwa Aroma - anali m'chaka cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa Rome, Ayuda - m'chaka cha kuwonongedwa kwa Yerusalemu, kuti Asilavo - chaka cha Chirengedwe mu Star Temple.

Koma pamene mmonke Roma Dionisiyo kupanga tebulo Isitala, opiringizidwa mwa machitidwe osiyana a limafotokozera. Ndiye iye anadza ndi dongosolo chilengedwe, poyambira amene adzakhala chaka cha kubadwa kwa Kristu. Dionisiyo kudziwa deti limeneli chochitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kalendala, amatchedwa "kubadwa kwa Khristu."

Kufala kwa dongosolo lino wakhala zaka 200 chifukwa mmonke Bede wolemekezeka, ntchito mu ntchito yake ya mbiri yakale pa mafuko anglosansonskih. Kupyolera m'buku ili, la British mukudziwa pang'onopang'ono anasamukira ku kalendala wachikhristu, kenako anapangidwa ndi azungu. Koma akuluakulu a tchalitchi inatenga zaka zina 200 kuyamba ntchito Mkhristu kalendala dongosolo.

The kusintha kwa nyengo Mkhristu Asilavo

Mu Russian ufumu umene panthawi imeneyo m'gulu ambiri mbadwa-Asilavo m'mayiko a Belarus, Poland, Ukraine ndi maiko ena, tinganene kuti kalendala wachikhristu zinachitika pa January 1 1700 ndi lamulo la Peter I. ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Tsar Peter anamuda ndinayesa kuthetseratu onse Asilavo, kuphatikizapo kalendala, kotero nthawi alowa dongosolo wachikhristu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kuti mfumu chabe kuyesa mwa dongosolo wosokonezeka limafotokozera. Asilavo chitsutso pano sangayerekeze kuti udindo.

mfundo ndi yakuti ndi kufika Chikristu kuti Asilavo, ansembe mwachangu anayesa kuti atembenuke akunja a Kalendala ya Chiroma. Anthu adalimbana ndi Mwakachetechete Pamilunguyo kalendala yakale. Choncho, Russia kwenikweni anali 2 kalendala: Roma ndi Asilavo.

Komabe, posakhalitsa anayamba m'mbiri ya chisokonezo. Pambuyo olemba Greek ntchito kalendara wa Chiroma ndi ana mchitidwe umenewu wa Kievan Lazaro - wa Asilavo kalendala. Pankhaniyi, kalendala awiri osiyana ndi anthu mu Europe mibadwo ya Dionisiyo. Kuthetsa nkhaniyi, Peter Ine analamula kuti afumye ulamuliro wonse ufumu wake pa dongosolo la nthaŵi, chibwenzi pa kubadwa kwa Khristu. Pamene zochitika zasonyeza, linalinso opanda ungwiro ndipo mu 1918 dziko latembenuzidwira masiku Gregory kalendala, kutenga nkhani zaka adzatumpha.

Nkhani za kalendala Asilavo

Masiku ano palibe deta zodalirika momwe kuyang'ana kalendala weniweni Asilavo. Tsopano otchuka "Krugolet Chisloboga" ankamangidwanso pa maziko a mfundo kuchokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana mbiri ya nthawi ina. Pa kukhazikitsanso kalendala Asilavo ntchito magwero zotsatirazi:

• East Asilavo wowerengeka miyambo ya. Umboni za izo zapakati pa zaka XVII-XVIII. Ngakhale zaka ngati "wamng'ono", kalendala uyu anapitiriza zambiri za moyo wa Asilavo mu masiku a Russia zachikunja.
• "Menologion" mpingo kalendala. Mu ndondomeko ya zachikunja za Lazaro akuluakulu a tchalitchi zambiri pa zikondwerero zachikunja zofunika chikondwerero Mkhristu. Poyerekeza tsiku maholide "mesyatseslove" ndi masiku kuchokera kalendala ena, komanso magwero wowerengeka, n'zotheka kuwerengera nthawi ya maholide Ancient zofunika.
• Mu XIX m'ma pa malo a akachisi a Vedi ku Romania chinapezeka 400 mbale zagolide ndi zolemba, dzina Patapita "Santa Dacian". Zaka zina zaka zoposa 2,000. kafukufukuyu anasonyeza pamaso kulemba Asilavo wakale, komanso gwero la nkhani nyengo ya mbiri yakale Asilavo.
• Annals.
• M'mabwinja anapezazo. Nthawi zambiri, mwambo umenewu ziwiya dongo ndi chithunzi cha zizindikiro kalendala. Zowaphunzitsa ambiri phale Miphika Tchernyakhovskaya Asilavo chikhalidwe (III-IV m'ma BC. E.).

Nthawi ya Asilavo akale

Malinga ndi malangizo mu "Santa Dacian", nkhani ya Asilavo wakale nthaŵi 14. Mwambo wofunika kwambiri, umene unali poyambira kalendala anali mgwirizano wa dzuwa ndi machitidwe ena awiri mapulaneti, kusiya anthu atatu okha anaonera dzuwa mu mlengalenga. nthawi iyi anali kutchedwa "Nthawi ya dzuwa atatu" m'ma 604 387 chaka TH (mwachibale kwa 2016-TH).

• 460 531st anafika alendo Padziko Lapansi mu kuwundana Ursa Minor. Iwo ankatchedwa da'ariytsami, ndipo nthawi iyi anali kutchedwa "Nthawi Mphatso".
• The TH 273.910 Padziko Lapansi kachiwiri anafika alendo, koma nthawi iyi ya kuwundana Orion. maina awo h'ariytsami, ndipo pambuyo pawo chi amatchedwa "nthawi h'Arra".
• 211 699th zinachitika kutsatira ulendo wa zolengedwa zakuthambo, kusonyeza chiyambi cha "Nthawi SMAD."
• 185 779th anayamba kubwera kwa umodzi wa mizinda inayi ikuluikulu ya Da'Arias Africa - Tula. mudzi uwu uli wotchuka chifukwa amisiri ake aluso ndi anthu pafupifupi 20 000 zaka zambiri. Nthawiyi ankatchedwa "Tula Time".
• The 165.043 TH mwana wamkazi wa Perun - Asilavo mulungu Tara wabweretsa kwambiri wa mbewu ina anakula nkhalango zambiri - ". Nthawi Tara a" kotero adayamba
• The TH 153.349 panali nkhondo yaikulu pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mmodzi wa nthambi ya dziko Phaeton Lyutitsa anawonongedwa, ndipo splinters ake zitsulo mphete asteroids - ". Assa Dei" ndi lothandiza kwa
• The 143.003 anthu TH ntchito patsogolo asayansi litenge kudziko lina, kachipangizo, ndi dziko lapansi zimene anali nazo pa nthawi imeneyo kale makina awiri, anakhala atatu. Polemekeza awo zimenezi m'nyengo yatsopano otchedwa "nthawi ya mwezi itatu."
• Mu 111 819th wina wa miyezi itatu zinawonongedwa ndi zidutswa za anagwa Earth, likumira Da'Arias wakale Africa. Komabe, anthu ake kuthawa - nthawi ya "Great Ataliatali wa Da'Arias".
• 106 791st pa Irtysh Mtsinje anakhazikitsidwa mzinda wa Erie Milungu Asgard, ndi dongosolo latsopano la limafotokozera kunachitidwa idamangidwa pa chaka.
• The 44 560-mamita onse kubadwa Asilavo-Aryan agumanikana kuti tizikhala limodzi mu dera lomwelo. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba nthawi ya "Creation wa Great Kolo Russenia".
• 40 017-mamita Padziko Lapansi anafika Perun ndi adagawa ndi ansembe a chidziwitso, nchifukwa chake panali tumphatumpha yaikulu patsogolo chitukuko cha luso anthu. Anayamba nthawi ya "Third Kufika Wightman Perun".
• 13 021-mamita anawonongedwa ndi Kanema ina ya dziko lapansi ndi zidutswa za anagwa dziko, motsogoleredwa ndingaliro olamulira. Motero, mayiko a ling'ambika ndipo anayamba icing, wotchedwa nthawi ya "Great ozizira chithunzithunzi" (tsembwe). Mwa njira, nthawi chimango nthawi imeneyi chikugwirizana ndi glacial lothandiza lotsiriza la Cenozoic nyengo.

Modern anthu amakhala m'nyengo, chiyambi cha kuwerengera zaka kwa chilengedwe cha dziko mu kachisi nyenyezi. M'badwo wa lothandiza lero zaka zoposa 7,5 zikwi.

Georgiy Pobedonosets ndi nyengo ya Creation mu Star Temple

Monga mukudziwa, mawu akuti "mtendere" ali ndi matanthauzo angapo. Choncho, dzina la m'badwo masiku kawirikawiri kutanthauziridwa monga nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa chilengedwe chonse. Komabe, "mtendere" amatanthauzanso Kuyanjananso pakati pa zipani kumenyana. Pa nkhani imeneyi, dzina la "The Creation mu Star Temple" tanthawuzo chosiyana.

Kutatsala chaka choyamba zinali zodzaza ndi "ku Creation mu Star Temple", pakati pa mafuko Asilavo ndi Chinese panali nkhondo. Ndi zomvetsa yaikulu Asilavo adakwanitsa kupambana, ndi March autumnal pakati pa anthu awiri, mtendere anamaliza. Awonetse chochitika chofunika, zinandipangitsa koyamba poyambira a nyengo yatsopano. Kenako mu ntchito zambiri luso, kupambana anali allegorically akuonetsedwa monga Knight (Asilavo) ndi kumenya chinjoka (Chinese).

khalidwe wotchuka kuti mkubwela kwa Christianity, silinafike sanathe kufafaniza. Popeza nthawi ya Kievan Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo Knight, mbakunda chinjoka, anamukwiyira mwalamulo kudziwika monga George (Yuri) opambana. tanthauzo lake kwa Asilavo kumaoneka chifukwa chakuti mwambo Georgiya Pobedonostsa ankakonda kwambiri mu mafuko onse Asilavo. Komanso, panthawi zosiyanasiyana, ndipo Kiev, ndi Moscow, ndi ena ambiri mzinda wakale Asilavo akuonetsedwa pa chizindikiro cha woyera mtima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nkhani ya St. George chotchuka osati mwa Orthodox ndi Akatolika, komanso Asilamu.

Kapangidwe ka kalendala Asilavo

Kukwera Asilavo kalendala chimodzi chathunthu Earth padziko Sun si chaka dzina, ndi m'chilimwe. Amakhala nyengo zitatu: ousen (yophukira), dzinja ndi masika. Aliyense nyengo m'gulu miyezi 3 masiku 40-41 lililonse. Mlungu m'masiku amenewo inkakhala masiku 9, ndipo tsiku - maola 16. Mphindi ndi masekondi wa Asilavo sanali, koma zinali mbali ya gawo, mphindi, instants, whitefish ndi Santigie. N'zovuta kulingalira mmene mlingo wa luso anali kukhala, ngati dzina amenewa nthawi ka nthawi.

Zaka, dongosolo sikuti mpikisano kwa zaka zambiri ndipo zaka, monga izo ziriri lero, ndi 144 wazaka m'zinthu: zaka 16 pa aliyense wa 9 magulu Svarog Circle.

Chaka chilichonse yachibadwa kuyambira chilengedwere dziko lapansi mu kachisi nyenyezi inkakhala masiku 365. Koma adzatumpha 16 chaka anayesedwa masiku ochuluka monga 369 (mwezi uliwonse kuti inkakhala masiku 41).

Chaka chatsopano cha Asilavo akale

Mosiyana ndi kalendala masiku ano amene Chaka Chatsopano ndi pakati pa dzinja, kalendala Asilavo imatengedwa chiyambi cha chaka kugwa. Ngakhale nkhani imeneyi maganizo a mbiri kutsutsana. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Eva wapachiyambi Chaka Chatsopano linali tsiku la March autumnal, amene anathandiza bwino nyimbo kalendala Asilavo kwa chilengedwe cha dziko mu kachisi nyenyezi. Komabe, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity, malinga ndi miyambo Byzantine, chiyambi cha chaka chatsopano anayesa anasamukira ku mwezi woyamba wa kasupe. Chifukwa, mu kufanana, pali osati kalendala awiri, komanso miyambo awiri kukondwerera Chaka Chatsopano mu March (monga momwe Aroma) ndipo mu September (monga Byzantium ndi Asilavo).

Miyezi Asilavo akale

Woyamba naini amwezi Asilavo kalendala otchedwa Ramhat (kuyambira September 20-23), iye anatsatira ndi yozizira miyezi Islet (October 31 - November 3), Beylet (10-13 December) ndi Geylet (January 20-23).

miyezi kasupe ankatchedwa Daylet (1-4 March), Eylet (11-14 April) ndipo Veylet (May 21-24). Munayamba ousen ongokhala miyezi Heyleta (1-4 July) ndi Tayleta (10-13 August). Ndipo mwezi wamawa ya nyundo Ramhat chinali chiyambi cha Chaka Chatsopano.

Mkubwela kwa Chikhristu m'malo Roma, Asilavo dzina la mweziwo. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa latsopano kalendala mwezi Peter ndinabwerera mayina Latin. Iwo anakhala mu chinenero chamakono Russian, pamene anthu fraternal anasunga kapena kubwerera alipidwa Asilavo maina a miyezi.

Sizikudziwika, monga iwo anali kutchedwa ndi kubera Chikhristu kusintha Peter Ine Komabe, ndi options ochepa, ankamangidwanso zikomo m'nthano za mitundu Asilavo.

mlungu Asilavo

Funso za chiwerengero cha masiku sabata kuti asinthe Peter Ine amakhalabe maganizo lero. Ambiri amanena kuti awo anali 7 - choncho dzina zisungidwe onse zinenero Asilavo.

Komabe, ngati mukuganiza za m'mawu a "Humpbacked Hatchi", izo zimakhala zodabwitsa, onse mawu a 1834 anatchula tsiku la sabata monga "osmitsa" lomwe lili m'mbuyo tsiku lina - ". Sabata"

Iwo likukhalira kuti ndimakumbukira naini sabata anakhalabe mu chikumbukiro cha Asilavo, ndi zina poyamba anali masiku 9 chabe.

Kodi kuwerengera chaka cha Asilavo kalendala?

Lero, Asilavo ambiri kuyesera kubwerera ku miyambo ya makolo awo, kuphatikizapo kalendala yao.

Koma ano, moyo kalendala wachikhristu, kumafuna munthu luso kuyenda mu chimango ichi wa zaka pakuyenerera. Motero aliyense ntchito Chisilavo limafotokozera (kwa chilengedwe cha dziko), momwe kumasulira mu zaka za dongosolo Mkhristu, ndidziwe. Ngakhale kusiyana kwakulu pakati pa machitidwe awiri a nthaŵi, kuti izo mophweka. Muyenera kuwonjezera kwa tsiku lililonse la Mkhristu kalendala 5508 chiwerengerochi (kusiyana zaka pakati pa kachitidwe) ndipo kudzakhala kotheka kuti amasulire tsiku mu kalendala Asilavo. Kodi chaka pansi dongosolo, zingadziŵike mwa chilinganizo zotsatirazi: 2016 + 5508 = 7525. Komabe, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti chaka panopa akuyamba ndi mwezi wa January, ndi Asilavo - mu September, kotero inu mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti Chiwerengero kuti kuwerengetsera yolondola.

zaka oposa mazana atatu kuchokera pamenepo, monga anthu a Russian Ufumu unatha ntchito kalendala Asilavo. Ngakhale molondola, lero si nkhani, koma kumbukirani chiyenera kukhala, chifukwa icho osati m'gulu nzeru za makolo, komanso kunali mbali ya Asilavo chikhalidwe, zomwe, ngakhale maganizo a Peter Ine, osati si wolephera European, komanso zinthu zina kuposa izo.