1. Choyamba malamulo Peter Peter lamulo malamulo 1. Petro 1 oseketsa

Pakuti aliyense chidwi ndi mbiri ya boma Russian, posapita nthawi anali kulimbana ndi anecdotes kumene lero akhala ena a malamulo a Peter 1. Nkhani limeneli muphunzira za zosankha mwadzidzidzi mfumu wokonzanso amene anatembenuza moyo anthu a dziko mapeto a XVII - chiyambi cha zaka XVIII zimene zimatchedwa mozondoka.

Today Peter 1 malamulo ali anaphunzira m'sukulu ndi mayunivesite. Ena a iwo anamuseka, munthu amaona ngati mwakale. Koma inakwaniritsidwa pa nthawi ino. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, zikalata izi ndiwo ambiri "mwano ndi diabolism."

Ena zochita za mfumu Mwachitsanzo, lamulo pa primogeniture Peter 1 zinachititsa kuti zokhota. Other anakhudzidwa mafashoni, chuma ndi asilikali. N'zosakayikitsa kuti pali njira imodzi yokha: Mfumu ya njira okhwima kuyesa kusintha chimangidwe patsogolo nthawi yake.

dongosolo la motsatizana

Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya boma wakhala lamulo pa primogeniture Peter 1. inafalitsidwa mu 1722. Chikalatachi zasintha maziko mphamvu yonse. Tsopano ine sanali wolandira wamkulu m'banjamo, ndi amene adzamuika m'malo mwake mwayekha.

Lamulo kusintha kwa Peter 1 yayimitsidwa kokha ndi Mfumu Paulo I mu 1797. Lisanaperekedwe, iye anali maziko ambiri a coups yachifumu, kupha ndi intrigue. Ngakhale poyamba pakati pa Petulo ndi njira muyeso motsutsa maganizo ndiwofatsa anthu amene sakusangalala ndi kusintha.

chaka chatsopano

Ife amati kuganizira wotchuka kwambiri malamulo a Peter 1. Mwina ambiri odziwika bwino tsiku ndi malamulo awiri: chikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano ndi ndevu. Pa wachiwiri nkhani zotsatirazi. Monga chitsimikizo choyamba, ndiye, monga mwa chifuniro cha mfumu, kuyambira 1700, ku mibadwo ya Russia anadutsa m'njira European.

Kuti tsopano chaka sanayambitse mu September, ndipo woyamba wa January. Kuwerengera imachitika pa kubadwa kwa Kristu, osati pa chilengedwe cha dziko monga momwe analiri poyamba. Motero m'malo mwezi wachinayi wa 7208, anakhala woyamba mu 1700.

ndevu

Mwina luso otchuka Russian Tsar atabwerera ku Europe anabwera kukonza pa ndevu. Kenako adzapatsidwa madongosolo ambiri a Peter 1, oseketsa yoopsa. Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo wachititsa mkwiyo choterocho pakati boyars, monga ichi.

Choncho, yamphongo twente-sikisi zaka anasonkhana pa nthumwi za mabanja mfulu, iye anatenga awiri lumo ndi kudula ena ndevu zawo. Zimenezi analumphira anthu a mu mantha.

Koma mfumu wamng'ono sikunalekere pamenepo. Adaachitumiza msonkho pa ndevu. Aliyense amene ankafuna kuti ndevu, anayenera kulipira ndalama zina chaka ku cuma.

Choncho, kudziwa zinali rubles mazana asanu ndi chaka, amalonda - zana, makumi asanu townsmen ankachitira, ndipo atumiki ndi ena - makumi atatu. Tikumbukenso kuti awa anali ndalama kwambiri masiku amenewo. Kuyambira msonkho uyu pachaka sichingapatule alimi okha, koma pakhomo la mzinda, ndipo iwo anayenera kupereka makobidi kwa ndevu zake.

mafunso mafashoni

malamulo ambiri a Peter 1 pa moyo pagulu. Ndi thandizo lawo, mfumu anayesetsa kupereka Russian otchuka maonekedwe European.

Choyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pomanga St. Petersburg, Mfumu ankapita ku utumiki nthawi matabwa mlatho. Choncho, anapereka lamulo loletsa kudya zachitsulo zitendene. Pakuti kukhazikitsidwa awo kulipitsidwa ndi zogulitsa - ndi kulandidwa katundu kapolo.

Mfundo ina nkhawa asilikali. Popeza Petr Veliky kwambiri chinkhoswe mu kasinthidwe ndi kuwongolera, chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chilichonse kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo linaperekedwa "mabatani sewn pa kutsogolo kwa yunifolomu msilikali." Izi muyeso anali kutalikitsa moyo wa zovala breech, monga misozi pakamwa pake anakhala zosatheka wamanja.

Anayambitsa m'mizinda ya kachitidwe European. Mfumu analamula zonse m'malo miyambo mwinjiro lalifupi masuti "Chihangare kalembedwe".

Ndipo potsiriza, madona wolemekezeka kulangidwa kuyan'ana kutsitsimuka kwa nsalu kuti "ayi manyazi ambuye yachilendo fungo lonyansa, zonunkhiritsa kuti kubooleza."

Pa ntchito yomanga ndi khalidwe

Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndi lamulo la Peter 1 luso. Si monga otchuka monga ambiri malamulo kupusa, amawatenga mfumu, koma ndi thandizo la asilikali Russian adzawina pa Poltava.

Choncho, kupeza kuti mfuti ndi chomera Tula si wabwino kwambiri, mfumu inalamula mwini ndi udindo amangidwe mankhwala chopangidwa. Kenaka zoyembekezeka chilango mu mawonekedwe za kupha Sitefano zikwapu ndi kuchoka ku ukapolo. Petr Veliky anaganiza kuti aziona kwambiri khalidwe la katundu chopangidwa pa fakitale. Kuilamulira anatumiza kwa Tula Zida kuti lonse. Chifukwa ukwati akuyenera chilango ndodo. Komanso, mwini latsopano, Demidov, mfumu inalamula kumanga kanyumba pa antchito onse, monga mwini.

No zochepa chidwi ndi lamulo la Peter 1 pa ntchito yomanga. Pamene mfumu akufuna kuyamba kumanga St. Petersburg, analamula kuti amange mozungulira nyumba dziko mwala. Choncho, akatswiri onse anasonkhana kwa ntchito kwa Neva.
Motero, mfumu posachedwapa anatha kumanga mzinda.

nkhani asilikali

Mmodzi wa anecdotes chotchuka kwambiri lero lamulo la Peter 1 kapolo. Ndipotu, linakhalapo sichinayambe kutsimikiziridwa, koma izo ziri mu masiku athu, iwo amati, pa milomo aliyense. Pa nkhani zotsatirazi nkhaniyi.

.

Tsopano ife sindikuyankhula za wotchuka "zopusa lamulo la Petro," pa zinthu zofunika kwenikweni. Choncho, mfumu nkhondo ndi Sweden akusowa alonda oyenerera. Choncho, anaganiza kuti apereke alendo powalonjeza udindo asilikali Russian. Choncho, asilikali European onse okhala apamwamba, ndi zimene zinachitikira atsogoleri anatiitana kuti dziko lathu pa malipiro, kawiri zasungidwa wa asilikari zoweta.

Yoweyula loyamba la "antchito anapita kukagwira" anali, malinga m'nthawi yake ya Peter, "chisokonezo cha rogues." Choncho, apolisi yachilendo m'mwezi woyamba wa utumiki wodzipereka kwa asilikali a Sweden. Koma kulephera sanafooke mfumu ndipo pamapeto iye anakwanitsa cholinga. Asilikali Russian anaphunzitsidwa ndi rearmed.

Mwa njira, ndi nkhani kukulitsa, ndiye pali umboni wa yadothi ya mabelu mpingo mu mfuti pambuyo "manyazi pa Narva". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti apa mfumu anasonyeza kuwolowa manja. Choncho, katundu mpingo, iye sadzataya awatenge, ndipo anachita lendi. Pambuyo chigonjetso pa Poltava Swedish mfumu kwa mfuti analanda analamula kuti atulutse mabelu ndi kuwabwezera ku malo.

malamulo a zachuma

Petr Veliky anayambitsa 1 ndi luso zachuma. Ife tikuyang'ana pa atatu lamulo, limene kwakukulukulu kugwedezeka maziko a Russian mwambo.

Choncho, malinga ndi chigamulo choyamba, boma anakhazikitsa "malonjezo kutsutsidwa ndi ziphuphu." Chifukwa cha zolakwa ofanana akuganiza kuti chilango chachikulu. Popewa matenda kukankha akuluakulu kuchita mlandu, mfumu anaukitsa malipilo a a boma. Koma analetsedwa "aliyense ziphuphu, malonda, mgwirizano ndi malonjezo."

Pa nthawi imeneyo, mankhwala mchitidwe wa anthu, kutali ndithu ngakhale ndizosowa luso la ankakonda Russia. Motero, chimodzi mwa lamulo loletsa "ntchito za mankhwala ndi mankhwala kumapeto kwa anthu onse amene sali kumanja."

Mfundo yomaliza ndi nthabwala osati choonadi. Kotero, kuti anapulumuka amagwira otsatirawa a mfumu kuti: "Collection misonkho - akuba kanthu. Salipira malipilo, ndipo dulani kamodzi pachaka, wina kwa mzake sanali povadno ".

miyeso kusintha

Mfumu Petr Veliky 1, atabwerera ku ulendo Ulaya, kuganizira amatchedwa Pofuna kukhazikitsa bata mu Russian Ufumu. Komanso nkhani zina zambiri munaukitsidwa ndi nkhani ya ukhondo, moto chitetezo ndi kusintha.

Choyamba, lamulo zapita "Pa pureness mu Moscow." Iye analanga anthu onse kutsatira zinyalala m'misewu ndi m'makhoti. "Ngati chirichonse cha izo, kuti atenge mwa mzinda ndi m'manda mu nthaka." Ngati inu munazindikira zinyalala unmade ku bwalo lanu, amalowerera ndalama kapena kumenyedwa ndi ndodo.

Lamulo lachiwiri ikukhudzana okha shipbuilding ndi asilikali. Malinga ndi iye, kukonza zombo ndi moyo pa iwo, zinyalala yense kuchotsedwa. Ngati mmodzi fosholo zinyalala kugwera mu madzi, anapereka chilango. Pakuti chokhumudwitsa Poyamba, zinali kuchuluka kwa malipiro mwezi umodzi, ndipo kwachiwiri - theka chaka. Pa lachitatu fosholo zinyalala mu mtsinje apolisi demoted pamalo wapamwamba, ndi amalinyero wamba ku Siberia.

Ankakhalanso lamulo pa ngozi moto. Iwo analangiza eni nyumba kutembenuza zonse ng'anjo ya, khazikitsa mwa iwo mwala maziko. Kunatanthauzanso pakati pa khoma ndi mbaula kuti njerwa ndi mipope kugwira anthu amene "munthu prolazit". Woyera ofanana kapangidwe anali kukhala kamodzi pamwezi. Pakuti si mwambo wa chilekezero woyikidwa ndalama.

mowa

Lolingana nthawi ndi zigawo zosiyana za anthu, lemba la lamulo la Peter 1 zambiri nkhawa za chithandizo cha mowa. Makamaka kamba wa asilikali komanso asilikali.

Pa Assembly tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa mlingo umene "Nthaŵi zina mkonono umasonyeza wake Teleses" osati manyazi alendo kumene kudzafuna amene alibe nthawi "adzapeze chikhalidwe atagona pafupi, ndi ambuye ena."

Ngati ife kulankhula za yapamadzi, panali malamulo angapo.

Choyamba, kukhala kunja, zoletsedwa kuti aliyense - kuchokera yapamadzi kuti asilikali "vusmert revel, kuti manyazi ulemu wa zombo ndi boma."

Chachiwiri, sayenera aloledwa mu pubs panyanja, monga iwo "zimaswana boorish, kum'tenga ndi bungwe chipolowe."

Komanso, lamulo linali mu apanyanja, amene nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito lero. Choncho, ngati munthu kuyenda pa gombe, ataledzera mpaka anakomoka, koma akugona ndi mutu wake mbali ya ngalawa, mu nkhani iyi, izo pafupifupi osati kulangidwa, "sanabwere pansi, koma tinayesetsa kumbuyo."

Ndiponso, kwa Peter Wamkulu mu dziko lathu likhale mwambo kukondwerera May Tsiku. Iwo anaitenga kwa anthu a ku Ulaya. Choncho, holide imeneyi chikondwerero ngati tsiku masika a ku Germany ndi Scandinavians. Mu Moscow, zikondwerero inachitika, kuyala gome onse odutsa. Kutenga mapwando si mantha kwa Mfumu yekha, poyendera anthu kuti agwirizane.

Malamulo pamisonkhano

Kuwonjezera zaluso mu ankhondo, limanena komanso mbali zina za moyo, Mfumu kusamala za kuwuka kwa chikhalidwe ambiri a anthu. Ngakhale kuti mfumu ndayesera kuti ndizichita chirichonse kwambiri lero monga zosankha zake zambiri chifukwa yekha kumwetulira.

Choncho lingalirani dongosolo osaka Peter 1. Mula lero, iwo moonadi anali woukira boma m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu.

Mwa zina zotchuka kwambiri lamulo pa malamulo pagulu ngati alendo ndi pa misonkhano. Choyamba, muyenera kusambitsana mosamala ndi ndevu. Chachiwiri, theka njala ndi bwino tisaledzere. Chachitatu, kuyima pamenepo ndi kutenga nawo mbali mapwando. Izo analimbikitsanso kudziwa pasadakhale, komwe chimbudzi mu nkhani chilichonse chimachitika. Chachinayi, kudya amtengo analola, koma kumwa - wambiri. Mwa njira, kwa kuledzera Russia anali ndi mtima wapadera. Amene anakomoka ku zedi waukulu wa mowa, ayenera mosamala apangidwe payokha, "kuti kugwa mlanduwu saletsa ndi kuvina." Chachisanu, anapatsidwa madona kuswa ayamikira, "kuti alandire pa Mordasov".

Ndipo otsiriza a mfundo zofunika. Amadziwika kuti palibe zosangalatsa opanda nyimbo, choncho kunali koyenera yothetsa makolasi, ndipo "osati wobangula bulu Valaam".

Kalembera anthu

Lang'anani, monga dongosolo la kutsatizana Peter 1, mphatso imeneyi kunali koyenera kuti boma. Chifukwa kupitiriza nkhondo mu dzikolo nthawi zonse zofunika ndalama nkhondo. Choncho, mfumu inaika lamulo kukachititsa uchikumbe kalembera.

Koma muyeso uyu sanali kubala Zotsatira. The landlords sindikufuna kulipira misonkho, "mabwerero wosadziwika", monga dziko ndi kale wotopa za nkhondo zonse. Choncho, Peter Alexeyevich anali kuchita kalembera zikatere zingapo, monga ndi nambala iliyonse yatsopano mabanja utachepa.

Zotsatira kalembera Previous anali pachibwenzi 1646 ndi 1678 zaka. deta yafupika peresenti makumi awiri pa 1710. Choncho, pambuyo pofuna wina ndi lamulo "kutenga nkhani konse, ndi kubweretsa oona (pa nthawi chaka)," uchikumbe misonkho wakhala m'malo mwa capitation.

malamulo ena osangalatsa

Kumwetulira chifukwa cha zochita mfumu ulemu kwa akuluakulu. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la Peter 1 kapolo. Malinga ndi iye, "kapolo nkhope ya mkulu ayenera kukhala zopusa ndi ikuthamangira maonekedwe, kuti ngati anzeru."

Komanso, senators ankaletsedwa kuwerenga mawu. Chifukwa, iwo anali kulankhula mawu awo, ndipo ankadziwa mlingo wa chitukuko cha lililonse.

No zochepa chidwi linkakhulupirira a Peter 1 wofiira. Malinga ndi iye, analetsedwa kutenga utumiki wa anthu ndi chilema (tsitsi lofiira ndipo ankatengedwa monga). kuti unachititsa mwina ponena kuti "Mulungu wopanda khalidwe zizindikiro."

Monga ife tamutchula uja, Peter Ine mwa malamulo ake kuphimba m'magulu onse a anthu. Choncho nthawi zambiri wapabanja amuna osati akazi. Pano pali chitsanzo chimodzi. Kuyambira kale mu Russia, wotumbululuka khungu ankaona chizindikiro cha "magazi buluu." Choncho madona mano discolored chifukwa Mosiyana kwambiri. Komanso, mano zoipa wasonyeza chitukuko. A ndalama zambiri - kwambiri kudya shuga. Choncho mfumu inalamula madona potsuka mano ndi angayeretsere iwo ndi choko.

Choncho, m'nkhani ino ife tikuyidziwa malamulo a m'modzi wa akulu wamkulu wa Russia. Mfumu Peter Wamkulu sanali mtsogoleri wa dziko, iye Radel kusintha m'madera osiyanasiyana a moyo pagulu.

Ngakhale ngakhale kuti lero ena zokhazikitsa wake chifukwa kumwetulira, pa nthawi anali miyeso chosintha.