Kodi makhalidwe a malonda m'zaka 17? Lina ndi zoweta malonda Russia

Makamaka malonda m'ma 17 akhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa mitundu yatsopano ubale zachuma. Dongosolo lakale Chotsimikizika pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukhala lotha, m'malo mwa kupanga ang'ono-ang'ono. Kodi makhalidwe a malonda m'ma 17 monga mtundu maubale atsopano mu Russia ndi kunja - kuyang'ana pa pansipa.

zinthu zatsopano zamanja

Za izo, zomwe makhalidwe a malonda m'zaka za m'ma 17, akhoza ziri adzaweruzidwa ndi mfundo za chitukuko ya asapita kupanga. Choyamba chitukuko Chotsimikizika zinachitika mu chimango cha chuma ang'onoang'ono - mmisiri sanathe kupereka wambirimbiri mankhwala yake - zosiyanasiyana zinthu zopangidwa kuyitanitsa. Kukula ubale malonda kunatheka kuphatikiza kupanga - tsopano mmisiri akanakhoza kupanga katundu 'cham'tsogolo "lagona pa wogula m'tsogolo. Pali specialization lokhudza - m'madera a m'mayiko Russian ndi opanga yaikulu ya katundu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Belozerye wotchuka chifukwa spoons ake, Nizhny Novgorod amisiri anapanga maloko amphamvu, ndi Vologda craftswoman kuluka zingwe chodabwitsa. Choncho kuwonjezera malo m'madera zamanja zosiyanasiyana.

Fakitale loyamba

Ngati makampani kuwala inachokera pa ntchito payekha, kuti chitukuko cha zitsulo, migodi ndi zida kupanga chofunika thandizo la boma. Mwina ndicho chifukwa pafupi kwambiri kwa mzinda wa Moscow - Tula, Kashira, Serpukhov - kukhala malo oyamba omwe zitsulo Russian. Zokhomakhoma, monga kwambiri ntchito nthawi yambiri, chofunika anthu oti kwambiri - pang'onopang'ono anayamba ntchito ntchito aganyo. The manufactory woyamba ntchito ganyu ntchito, anakhala Cannon pabwalo, amene anauka m'zaka 15. Mu zaka za 17 analengedwa za makumi atatu mafakitale osiyana. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anapanga mzera wa industrialists - Sveteshnikovy, Demidov, Stroganoff ndi ena.

Development wa malonda zoweta

Kodi makhalidwe a malonda m'zaka 17 ku Russia? Dziko pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuthetsa kudzipatula ndi mwayi wolankhula ndi misika European. Ndinayamba kukhala latsopano msika dziko ndi malo awo pa malonda. A mbali yaikulu ankaimba ndi fairs lalikulu malonda - Arkhangelsk, Irbit, Nizhny Novgorod. Panali ogula choyamba - chipiku, anagula katundu lalikulu zedi ndi kumugulitsa pa choposa chimenechi. Kufalitsa korobeynichestvo - popeza anagula pa chilungamo malamba, mipango, zisa, broadside zithunzi ndi malonda yosavuta zodzikongoletsera anayenda m'matauni ndi m'midzi, kugulitsa katundu wawo kuti m'deralo. Zikamera wa mafakitale, malonda yogulitsa ndi chitukuko cha zopezera fairs - izi ndi mfundozo chachikulu, omwe akutipatsa chithunzithunzi cha mmene makhalidwe a malonda m'ma 17 ku zoweta msika Russian.

miyambo lamulo

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma zoweta malonda akulephera ambiri chindapusa miyambo anatenga nthawi ya kugawikana. requisitions ambiri kwambiri akulephera Kukwezeleza malonda pa msika, kupanga malonda opanda pake mtengo thupi. Koma Customs lamulo linaperekedwa mu 1653, zomwe kwathetsa mezhduuezdnye levies, anayambitsa malamulo ambiri ntchito miyambo. Choncho, mphamvu lachifumu anayesa kutsitsimutsa malonda m'dzikoli.

malonda yachilendo

Kodi makhalidwe a malonda yachilendo m'zaka 17? amalonda Russian, osati mwachangu osauka malonda zoweta, koma kale mwayi misika ya mayiko a kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Mwatsoka, mwayi kwa ayezi Baltic Nyanja panthawi imeneyo anali palibe. Amalonda anali kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa miyezi yotentha ya navigation kuti adzafike ku madoko kumpoto ku Sweden, England, Denmark. Tengani ndi katundu zigawo zikuluzikulu za malonda zakunja nthawi imeneyi sinasinthe kwambiri m'kupita poyerekeza ndi nthawi yapita, kotero pa nkhani ya malonda yachilendo zovuta kunena zomwe makhalidwe a malonda m'zaka 17. Monga mwa nthawi zonse, waukulu katundu zinthu zinali tirigu, tsitsi, fulakesi, hemp, tallow zikopa. Russia kunja katundu mwanaalirenji, nsalu, zida mafakitale, tiyi, khofi ndi zonunkhira.

Anti-Kutaya

Koma chifukwa maukwati a malonda malowedwe a amalonda achilendo pa msika Russian wakhala wamba. Kawirikawiri linasokonekera mtengo wa amalonda Russian. madandaulo zambiri za amalonda Russian anamveka, ndipo anavomerezedwa mu 1667. Chatsopano Trade malangizo kudzera zomwe ochita malonda ochokera m'mayiko sanalinso ufulu kale ndi kumasulika mu msika Russian zoweta. Alendo akhoza kuchita yogulitsa ndi lalikulu yogulitsa - malonda ritelo anali kwa iwo pansi inaletsedwa. Lowani ntchito yapadera katundu, chifukwa chimene mtengo wa katundu zoweta ndi kunja pafupifupi wofanana. Komanso, ntchito yatsopano bwinobwino kudzadza chuma achifumu.

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena, zimene makhalidwe a malonda m'zaka 17. Mwachidule, iwo anali kusanduka zikamera ubale misika yatsopano, zosabvuta pa malamulo a malonda, ndi chitukuko cha msika mkati, zoyesayesa woyamba kuteteza alimi zoweta ndi oimira gulu la wamalonda kusokonezedwa yachilendo. A mtengo chipukuta misozi cha katundu Russian komanso akunja mwa kuyambitsa misonkho wapadera kutero chitukuko cha mafakitale zoweta.