Luso chitukuko njira Russia mpaka 2020. State pulogalamu ya la Russia

State pulogalamu ya la Russia wakhala chida chachikulu pothetsa mavuto ofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko ndi zachuma. Luso - mbali yofunika patsogolo chuma dziko lililonse. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuti kuphunzira njira ya chitukuko cha chuma Russia mu mawu a luso, zolinga zake ndiponso njira kukhazikitsa.

luso ndi chiyani?

Masiku ano, pali matanthauzo ambiri a luso. Tebulo zotsatirazi imapereka kusanthula poyerekeza za ziphunzitso zazikulu yachilendo imene chimatanthauza luso mosiyana. Woyambitsa wa chiphunzitso cha luso Joseph Schumpeter ankaganiza kuti ndi kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha kusintha kugwirizana ndi zipangizo mezofitpoyavleniem latsopano kapena njira moyo wa munthu, anafotokoza aliyense ngati kusintha luso.

Ambiri izo anafotokoza mfundo luso mu malangizo lonse lotchedwa Oslo Malangizo ndi Frascati Manual. Mu zolemba izi, likumasuliridwa mu pafupifupi onse zilankhulo za dziko, mfundo luso kutanthauziridwa chifukwa cha polojekiti, zomwe ngati latsopano / bwino luso mankhwala kapena ndondomeko ntchito mchitidwe.

Zaluso kukhala ndi likulu watsopano ndipo zikuphatikiza osati luso lokha, komanso magawo a chilengedwe, kukhazikitsa ndi ntchito zaluso kukumana kusintha zofuna anthu.

Kodi zaluso?

Luso - wamng'ono, kukhala sayansi, kotero pali madera ambiri a Chigawo zawo m'magulu. Zaluso ali m'magulu malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito, zimayambitsa, mlingo wa chikoka pa kupanga kapena njira zina. Ndizovomereka ntchito zotsatirazi gulu la zaluso :

1. Mankhwala zaluso. Iwo ankaganizira kwambiri pa ulimi ndipo kumayambiriro zatsopano. Choncho pali ulamuliro wa okwanira pa kufunika m'lingaliro zachuma. Innovativeness mankhwala akhoza yodziwika ndi chuma cha Russia panthawi Soviet.
2. Zopangapanga zaluso. Iwo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Njira, chifukwa umalimbana kusintha njira ndi kuwonjezeka dzuwa. zaluso zamakono komanso zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri, monga iwo angakhoze kupanga ndalama pa malonda, popanda kutaya zofunikira kwa mwini.
3. luso Social. Izi kusintha mu kapangidwe ka anthu ndi ubale gulu linalake chikhalidwe. Nthawi zambiri anayambitsa kusintha zinthu m'dziko Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera ntchito ya ntchito chikhalidwe zothandiza poyerekeza ndi zofuna antchito.
4. Bwana zaluso. Onaninso adiresi pomwe kuti kasamalidwe ka gulu.
5. zaluso Economic. Zimakhudza kakulidwe chuma dera lonse ndi ndondomeko ya ukugwirira ntchito zinthu msika gulu bizinesi yeniyeni.

Lamulo akukonzekera chitukuko cha zaluso ku Russia mpaka 2020

chimango zolimbana kwa sayansi anayamba kale masiku ano. Ngakhale mu nthawi ya Soviet, ife anayamba malamulo njira zachuma chitukuko cha boma, kuphatikizapo malangizo kukulitsa ndi mafakitale wofunika kwambiri dziko. Monga mbali ya kusintha wotchuka luso maganizo kwa ogwira ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu ya kukhazikitsa opareshoni. Zinali njira wosavuta ndiponso ndilotsika mtengo wa takasa anthu yofikira sanali muyezo nchito zawo kupanga izo owonjezera ndalama bajeti mwachindunji pansi kusintha workflows kuti kubweretsa zotsatira chogwirika kwambiri.

Chitukuko cha luso amadziwikanso akamagwiritsa malangizo, ndi wofunika kwambiri izi anali "Russian nzeru Development Njira mpaka 2020", December 8, 2011 ovomerezedwa ndi boma № 2227-p.

Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti kwambiri kusintha kapangidwe ka chuma chathu, za mulingo watsopano zinthu zamakono ndi sayansi kasamalidwe, komanso kupereka mwayi kwa maphunziro Russian gawo kupikisana ndi atsogoleri adziko m'munda umenewu.

Zolinga

"Nzeru Development Njira ya Russia mpaka 2020" ndiyo njira zikuluzikulu ndi asilikali a wamakono ndi kusintha mfundo luso la dziko. Lili zizindikiro kiyi ntchito, amene ankafuna kuti podzafika 2020. Iwo zingasiyane malingana ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo anaika mu njira ya.

Kwenikweni, zakonzedwa kuonjezera chiwerengero cha makampani mafakitale, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti kuwonjezeka wolowa ndi gawo la Russia m'misika ya mayiko ya umisiri watsopano. Monga chizindikiro kumasonyezanso mlingo ndi mmene kutchula Russian asayansi mabuku m'magazini mayiko sayansi. Development ndi patenting wa khalidwe la maphunziro apamwamba anapatsidwanso mwapadera.

njira kukhazikitsa

Russian luso chitukuko njira zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Chiyambi cha umisiri wotsogola mu mabungwe mabungwe boma ndalama.
• Wamakono wa ndondomeko anthu ogwira ntchito m'munda wa sayansi, luso, luso ndi maphunziro.
• Chilimbikitso ndi kukondoweza mabizinesi nzeru.
• nawo Russia mu mapangidwe kwambiri nzeru za dziko ndi chilengedwe cha matsango a luso.

Njira "nzeru Russia-2020" kudzachitika amaganizira zinthu chitukuko njira zamakono m'madera ena a dziko ndi thandizo ogwira boma kwa ogwira ntchito payekha m'munda wa zikuchitika atsopano.

The njira chachikulu kukhazikitsa njira imeneyi anayamba pulogalamu pa mlingo boma lathu sayansi ndi luso, komanso dera ndi yaitali pulogalamu chitukuko cha sayansi, maphunziro ndi luso.

Kuwopsa kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa

State pulogalamu ya la Russia si nthawi zonse akwanilitse zolinga zawo. ndi kuopsa kuti njira yatsopano ya chitukuko nzeru ya Russia mpaka 2020 adzakhala insolvent chiyani?

Choyamba, zotsatira zoipa akhoza kupereka zifukwa, chifukwa zinthu zina:

• Zogwiritsidwa nchito kusintha.
• Ogwira kusintha mu mabungwe njira ndi zida boma.
• Financial Kusakhazikika kwa zachuma.

Chachiwiri, pali ngozi chibadidwe:

• kusintha kwambiri maphunziro, zomwe kuchepetsa ndondomeko kupanga kuthekera zoyambitsidwa sayansi.
• Kusintha chiwerengero cha asayansi sayansi wachibadidwe ndi ntchito.
• Kuchepetsa lakuthwa mu ndalama makampani maphunziro.

"Nzeru Development Njira ya Russia mpaka 2020" lakonzedwa kunyamula weniweni yojambula luso la chuma zoweta ndi kuonetsetsa ubwino wa ku Russia kwa zaka zambiri. Kusintha panopa makampani maphunziro cholinga kachiwiri akutsimikiza kuti boma la Russia pa chifukwa ichi.