Ice ulendo Kornilov asilikali. Ice March wa Muzikonza Army

The zochitika chosintha umene unachitika ku Russia kuchokera February kwa October 1917, pafupifupi anawononga ufumu waukulu ndipo zinachititsa kuti swagger wa Civil nkhondo. Kuona zinthu zovuta mu dziko, zotsalira za asilikali achifumu anaganiza kuphatikiza khama lawo kubwezeretsa mphamvu chodalirika pofuna kusunga nkhondo osati motsutsa Bolsheviks, komanso kuteteza Mama motsutsa encroachments wa akagwiriridwa kunja.

Mapangidwe a Muzikonza Army

Merging zambiri amapezeka pa maziko a otchedwa Alexis bungwe, chiyambi cha ntchito imene imagwera pa tsiku la kufika kwa onse. Izo zinali mu ulemu ndi mgwirizano uno dzina lake. chochitika zimenezi zinachitika Novocherkassk 2 (15) November 1917

masabata asanu ndi limodzi, mu December chaka chomwecho, msonkhano wapadera anali kuyisonkhanitsa. Iwo anali nawo akuluakulu a Moscow lotsogoleredwa ndi akazembe a. Kwenikweni funso pa kameredwe udindo pa kayendetsedwe ka asilikali pakati Kornilov ndi Alekseev. Motero, anaganiza mphamvu zonse zankhondo yakubuluka a asilikali choyamba. Mapangidwe mbali ndi kuzipereka kumenya wokonzeka zonse anatumizidwa ku General Wogwila, lotsogoledwa ndi mkulu-General S. L. Markov.

Pa Khirisimasi nthawi asilikali analengeza kuti agwirizane lamulo la asilikali a General Kornilov. Kuyambira nthawi kuti mwalamulo linatchedwa Muzikonza.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Don

Si chinsinsi kuti wongokhazikitsidwa Army la General Kornilov Zinkafunikiradi kuthandiza Don Cossacks. Koma sanalandire konse. Komanso, Bolsheviks anayamba compress mphete padziko mizinda ya Rostov ndi Novocherkassk, ndi Muzikonza Army anali kuthamangira mkati mwake amasowa mukamalimbana ndi mavuto zomvetsa kwambiri. Pakutayika thandizo la Don Cossacks, Mtsogoleri wa asilikali a General Kornilov, 9 (22) Pa February Don anaganiza kuchoka ndi kupita ku mudzi Olginskaya. Choncho anayamba Ice March 1918.

Lotsalalo Rostov anali ambiri yunifomu zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo, komanso masitolo zachipatala ndi ndodo - choncho anafunika khamu lonse yaing'ono kulondera pafupi ndi mzindawo. Dziwani kuti pamene palibe Alekseev kapena Kornilov ayi koma anadza kwa yolimbikitsa amakakamizidwa ndi kulandidwa katundu.

mudzi Olginskaya

Ice March wa Muzikonza Army anayamba ziŵalo zake. Kufika m'mudzi Olginskaya asilikali anagawidwa 3 oyenda Regiment: zigawenga, Kornilov mantha ndi chikatikati-kapitawo. Patapita masiku ochepa anthu odzipereka anachoka kumudzi anasamukira kwa Ekaterinodar. Icho chinali choyamba Kuban Ice yapadera yomwe inachitika mwa Chomutov, Kagalnitskaya ndi Egorlykskaya m'mudzimo. Army mwachidule analowa m'dera la m'chigawo Stavropol, ndiyeno kachiwiri amaloŵa m'dera Kuban. Kwa njira yake odzipereka amakhala milandu kumenyana ndi mfuti ndi Red Army. Pang'onopang'ono Kornilovites tithe thinned, ndipo tsiku lililonse anayamba kuvutika.

uthenga zosayembekezereka

1 (14) Pa March Red Army anali otanganidwa Ekaterinodar. Chadzulo, msilikali VLPokrovsky ndi asilikali ake anathawa mumzindamo, amene kwambiri kusokoneza zinthu kale m'malo ovuta ongodzipereka. Mphekesera kuti Maonekedwe wotanganidwa Ekaterinodar kuti Kornilov inafika tsiku lotsatira, pamene asilikali anali pa siteshoni Kwawokhawokha, koma iwo sanali ngofunika kwambiri. Patapita masiku 2 Korenovskaya mudzi umene unachitika odzipereka chifukwa cha nkhondo oopsa, iwo adapeza wina wa zipinda za nyuzipepala Soviet. Kumeneko, anauzidwa kuti Bolsheviks kwenikweni anatenga Ekaterinodar.

Analandira uthenga kwathunthu devalued Kuban Ice yapadera imene kanthu linaperekedwa mazana anthu. General Kornilov anatsimikiza kutsogolera asilikali ake kuti Ekaterinodar ndi kutembenukira kum'mwera ndi kuwoloka Kuban. Iye analinganiza kuti apumule asilikali ake ku midzi Circassian ndi midzi Cossack phiri ndi kudikira pang'ono. chigamulochi Kornilov, Denikin amatchedwa "oopsa kulakwitsa" pamodzi ndi Romanovsky anayesa mkulu wa asilikali a ankapitabe izi. Koma ambiri anali wosasinthika.

Lumikizani asilikali

Usiku 5 mpaka 6 March Kornilov Army Ice kampeni anapitiriza m'njira kum'mwera. Patapita masiku 2, ogwira anawoloka Elbe ndipo anapita Maikop, koma kunapezeka kuti limeneli, aliyense munda ayenera kumwedwa nkhondo. Choncho, ambiri mwadzidzidzi anatembenuka kumadzulo ndi mtsinje White, anathamangira kwa auls Circassian. Apa, iye ankaganiza osati kupuma asilikali ake, komanso kugwirizana ndi Kuban asilikali Pokrovsky.

Koma kafukufuku pa gulu la Muzikonza Army Wapolisiyo sizinali, adaleka kuyesa kubooleza kuti Maikop. Basil anaganiza kuti uone Kuban Mtsinje ndi kugwirizana ndi asilikali a Kornilov, amene kale anathawa kuchokera kumeneko. Chifukwa cha chisokonezo ichi, magulu awiri - Kuban ndi Muzikonza - kuyesera kupeza mnzake mwachisawawa. Pamapeto pa March 11, iwo anapambana.

Mudzi Novodmitrievskaya: Ice ulendo

Izo zinali mu March 1918. Adzazunzidwa makilomita tsiku la kuguba ndi nkhondo wofooka asilikali ankayenera kudutsamo ndi viscous wakuda lapansi, monga nyengo mwadzidzidzi anatembenuka zoipa, mvula inayamba kugwa. Iye anali m'malo ndi chisanu, kotero kutupa kwa yunifolomu mvula asilikali akhala kwenikweni amaundana. Komanso, zikuchepa yozizira ku mapiri ndipo anaponyamo zambiri chipale chofewa. Kutentha amagwa -20 ⁰S. Nthawi ina anauza ophunzira ndi mboni zochitika zimenezo, ovulala amene amadutsa pa ngolo, madzulo anali kutsika ndi bayonets anapanga kuzungulira iwo ndi wandiweyani ayezi kutumphuka.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti pamwamba zonse, pakati pa March, panali akadali atakumana wankhanza amene anapita mu mbiri monga nkhondo pa mudzi wa Novodmitrievskaya kumene makamaka wolemekezeka omenyana Chidule-akapitawo a Regiment lapansi. Kenako mu mutu "Ice March" anayamba kumvetsa nkhondo imeneyi, komanso yapita ija ndi kumutsatira kusintha kwa yokutidwa ndi ayezi kutumphuka steppe.

Kusainira ya mgwirizano

Nkhondoyi itatha kumudzi wa Novodmitrievskoy mapangidwe nkhondo, ndi Kuban wakhala akufuna kuti samaliphatikizamo mu Muzikonza Army ufulu wodzilamulira nkhondoyo. Kuwombola, anamulonjeza kuti amathandiza kuti kubwezeretsa ndi kupereka asilikali. Pa zinthu zimenezi yomweyo anavomera kuti General Kornilov. Ice kampeni anapitiriza, ndi mphamvu nkhondo chawonjezeka mpaka 6 zikwi. Man.

Odzipereka asankha kamodzinso kupita ku likulu la Kuban - Ekaterinodar. Pamene alonda ndodo ntchito dongosolo la ntchito, asilikali reshape ndipo anapumula tikumenyana kuchokera kuukira yambiri ya Bolsheviks.

Ekaterinodar

Ice ulendo Kornilov Army yatsala pang'ono kutha. March 27 (pa April 9) odzipereka mtsinje. Kuban ndi zitsulo mkuntho Ekaterinodar. City kumbuyo 20000th asilikali wofiira, analamula Sorokin ndi kudziyimira pawokha. Kuyesa kugwila Ekaterinodar analephera Komanso patapita masiku 4 chifukwa china podwala chipolopolo mwachisawawa anaphedwa ndi General Kornilov. ntchito yake analanda Denikin.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Muzikonza Army kumenyana chilengedwe zonse ndi zinthu amphamvu kangapo magulu Red Army. Loss tsopano Denikin anali za zana 4 kuphedwa ndi 1.5 zikwi. Anavulazidwa. Koma ngakhale zimenezi, ambiri koma anakwanitsa mupewe asilikali ku malo a Mtsinje Don.

April 29 (May 12) ndi zotsala za Denikin asilikali ake anabwera kwa kum'mwera kwa dera Don m'dera Yendani-Borisovka - Mechetinsky - Egorlytskaya ndi tsiku lotsatira kuyenda Ice Kornilov yemwe anadzakhala nthano ya White gulu, inatha.

Siberia kusintha

Zima 1920 pozunzidwa mwankhanza cha mdani chinayamba ndi mthunzi wa East Front, analamula asilikali Kolchak. Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito zimenezi zinachitika komanso kuyenda asilikali Kornilov, wokhala ovuta kwambiri nyengo ndi nyengo. Kukwera Akavalo kukwera kutalika pafupifupi 2 zikwi. Km kuthamanga pamodzi njira ya Novonikolaevsk ndi Barnaul ndi Chita. Anatchedwa "The Siberia Ice kampeni" mwa asilikali a White Army.

Izi kusintha kovuta anayamba November 14, 1919, pamene gawo la White Army kumanzere Omsk. Asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi V. O. Kappelya anabwerera pamodzi Trans-Siberia Railway, onyamula echelons ndiwobvulazidwa. Kwenikweni pa zidendene za iwo kuthamangitsa Red Army. Komanso, zinthu zina zovuta ndi zachiwawa zambiri, zikuthwanima mu kumbuyo, komanso kuukira magulu osiyanasiyana ndi magulu zigawenga. Pamwamba zonse, ndi analumikiza komanso lyutymi frosts Siberia.

Ngakhale njanji umayang'anira Czechoslovak Corps, kotero asilikali General Kappel anakakamizika kusiya magalimoto ndi kusamutsa kwa sled lapansi. Pambuyo pake, White Army wakhala yaikulu kwambiri kukula aŵiri convoy.

Pamene azungu anabwera Krasnoyarsk, mzinda anapanduka asilikali molamulidwa ndi Gen. Bronislaw Zinevych amene mtendere ndi Bolsheviks. Iye Kappel analimbikitsa kuchita chimodzimodzi, koma adakana. Kumayambiriro kwa January 1920 chinachitika ndi skirmishes angapo, kenako oposa 12 zikwi. Azungu anazungulira Krasnoyarsk, mtsinje Yenisei ndi kupita kum'mawa. Pafupifupi nambalayi wa asilikali anasankha ndikupereka mzinda asilikali.

Kusiya Krasnoyarsk, asilikali unagawidwa mizati. Choyamba analamula K. Sakharov, amene asilikali tinjira pa njanji ndi msewu Siberia. Ndime yachiwiri anapitiriza ulendo wake kutsogoleredwa ndi Ice Kappel. Anasamukira woyamba pamodzi Yenisei Mtsinje, kenako m'mphepete mwa mtsinje Kan. kusintha anali ovuta kwambiri ndi woopsa. Mfundo yakuti p. Kang chidafundidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa chisanu ndi patsinde loyenda madzi yozizira koopsa. Ndipo ndi madigiri 35 pansi pa ziro! Usilikali anayenera muziyendayenda mu mdima ndipo nthawi kugwera mu dzenje mu ayezi, kwathunthu wosaoneka pansi chisanu chachikulu. Ambiri a iwo chisanu ndi anakhalabe kunama, ndi onse a asilikali kusuntha.

Pa kusintha, kunapezeka kuti General Kappel frostbitten mapazi ake, kugwera chowawa. Iye opaleshoni kuti nthambi amputation chidachitika. Komanso, kuchokera hypothermia, iye anadwala ndi chibayo. M'katikati mwa January 1920 White analanda Kansk. tsiku la makumi awiri loyamba la mwezi womwewo, Wolamulira Wamkulu wa Russian Bolsheviks Kolchak Czechs chikalata. Patapita masiku 2, kale kufa ambiri Kappel anasonkhana malangizo a Army Ogwira ntchito. Anaganiza kuti atenge Irkutsk mkuntho amasule Kolchak. January 26 Kappel anafa ndi Ice kampeni lotsogoleredwa ndi General Wojciechowski.

Popeza kufalitsa White Army mu Irkutsk anali penapake anachedwa chifukwa kumenyana zonse, anatengera mwayi Lenin, yemwe anapereka dongosolo kuwombera Kolchak. Iye anaphedwa pa 7 February. Atamva zimenezi, ambiri anakana Wojciechowski lomwe tsopano kukhala tanthauzo Irkutsk kumenya. Pambuyo pake, asilikali ake anawoloka Baikal ndi pamalopa. Mysovaya yodzaza ovulala akazi onse odwala ndi ana mu sitima ya. The ena anapitiriza Siberia awo Great Ice March kuti Chita, ndiwo mazana asanu makilomita. Monga kulowa mumzinda pa chiyambi cha March 1920.

Pamene kosangalatsa inatha General Wojciechowski anakhazikitsa watsopano mphoto - ". Pakuti Great Siberia ulendo" Iwo anapatsidwa kwa onse amene anali nawo akapitao ndi asilikali. Dziwani kuti mwambo umenewu zaka zingapo zapitazo momveka bwino anakumbutsa mamembala a gulu loimba "Kalinov Bridge". "Ice March" - linali dzina la Album kwathunthu wodzipereka kwa mthunzi wa gulu lankhondo la Kolchak ku Siberia.