Akalonga ndi maukulu a Lazaro wakale mu nthawi kusagwirizana

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Prince wa Kiev Yaroslava Mudrogo mu 1054 ku Russia wayamba ndondomeko ya kuvunda pamaso boma limodzi. zochitika zofanana zinachitika kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Icho chinali chizolowezi ambiri a ang'onoang'ono Ages Middle. Pang'onopang'ono, Russia lagawidwa angapo de A facto maukulu palokha ndi miyambo yofala, chikhalidwe ndi Rurik mafumu. Linayamba 1132, pamene iye anafa Mstislav Veliky kufunika kwa dziko. Kuti deti la chiyambi cha mbiri yakale chomaliza ndikukhulupirira panopa kugawikana ndale. Mmenemonso, Russia zinatha mpaka cha m'ma XIII, pamene anakumana nkhondo ya asilikali Mongol-Chitata.

Kiev m'dziko

Kwa zaka zambiri, ndi ukulu wa Russia wakale anagawanika, ophatikizidwa, kusintha malamulo a nthambi za Rurik mafumu , ndi zina zotero. D. Komabe, ngakhale kusokonezeka kwa zinthu zimenezi, pali zingapo mbali ofunikira kwambiri, omwe ankaimba udindo wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa dziko. Ngakhale pambuyo kugwa chenichenicho cha de A jure izo ankaona Prince mkulu wa Kiev.

Control wa "mayi wa mizinda ya ku Russia" anayesa kukhazikitsa zosiyanasiyana olamulira enieni. Chotero ngati fiefdoms la Russia wakale cholowa chawo mafumu, ndi Kiev zambiri wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja. Atamwalira Mstislav Vladimirovich mu 1132 mumzinda linakhala cholowa mwachidule Chernigov Rurik. Iwo sankasangalala mamembala ena a mafumu a. Chifukwa cha nkhondo zotsatira Kiev anasiya kulamulira woyamba Pereyaslav, Turov ndi Vladimir-Volyn ukulu, kenako (mu 1169) ndi pa onse anali anagonjetsa asilikali Andreya Bogolyubskogo ndipo anasiya tanthauzo lake ndale.

Chernihiv

Fiefdoms la Russia wakale m'dziko Chernigov wa ana a Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych. Iwo kalekale zosemphana ndi Kiev. Chernihiv mafumu zaka zambirimbiri wagawanika mu nthambi ziwiri: ana a Oleg ndi Davidovich. Ndi mbadwo uliwonse zinachitika fiefdoms yatsopano, tchipisi ku Chernigov (Sivers'k-Novgorod, Bryanskoye, Kurskoe ndi T. D.).

Wolamulira chidwi kwambiri m'derali mbiri yakale amakhulupirira Svyatoslava Olgovicha. Iye anali angakuthandizeni wa Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Ndi anagwirizana phwandu mu Moscow mu 1147 Amayamba anatsimikizira mbiri mbiri likulu la Russia. Pamene Duchy la Russia wakale ogwirizana polimbana ndi asilikaliwa anaonekera kum'mawa, olamulira enieni Chernigov m'mayiko anapangana ndi zina Ruric ndipo anagonjetsa a Kalka Mtsinje. Nkhondo ya steppe chatithandizira osati ukulu wonse, ndi kokha mbali ya kum'mawa. Komabe, mwiniwakeyo anavomereza m'manja mwa Golden gulu (pambuyo imfa yopweteka Michael wa Chernigov). Mu XIV m'ma Chernihiv pamodzi ndi chiwerengero cha midzi yoyandikana nayo linalanda kuti Lithuania.

Polotsk Region

Polotsk analamulira Izyaslavich (ana Iziaslav V.). nthambi imeneyi ya Rurik anaima patsogolo pa ena. Komanso, Polotsk loyamba anayamba nkhondo ufulu wawo kuchokera Kiev. Oyambirira amenewa nkhondo chinachitika pa chiyambi cha m'ma XI.

Ngati maukulu ena a Lazaro wakale mu nthawi ya kugawikana, Polotsk anagawana mu maukulu angapo ang'onoang'ono (Vitebsk, Minsk, Drutskiy Ine T. D.). Ena mwa mizinda imeneyi chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi mabanja dynastic ankadutsa Smolensk Rurikovich. Koma adani oopsa kwambiri a Polotsk, mosakaika, anali Lithuanians. Poyamba, mafuko Baltic ankachitika anawazunza zolusa pa dziko Russian. Kenako anachoka kumeneko n'kupita ku akupeza lapansi. Mu 1307 Polotsk potsiriza anakhala mbali ya watsopano mphamvu Chilituyaniya.

Volyn

M'dera Volyn (chakumadzulo kwa nthaŵi-Ukraine) kusiyanitsa akuluakulu awiri pakati ndale - Vladimir-Volyn ndi Galich. Pambuyo wosadalira ku Kiev, ndi ukulu anayamba kupikisana ndi mzake utsogoleri m'chigawochi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XII Roma Mstislavovich ogwirizana mizinda iwiri. Iwo ankatchedwa ukulu wa wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn. Mphamvu ya mfumu inali kwambiri moti chobisa anathamangitsa Akhristu ku Constantinople wa Byzantine Mfumu Alexios III.

Mwana Daniel Roma kutchuka kwake waposa bwino bambo ake. Iye bwinobwino nkhondo ndi Poland, Hungarians ndi Mongolia nthawi kulowa mgwirizano ndi ndi winawake anansi. Mu 1254 Danieli anatenga Papa mutu wa Mfumu ya Russia, kuyembekezera kuthandiza Ulaya polimbana steppe lapansi. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, ndi wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu sanali kumusamalira. Poyamba, unagawidwa magawo angapo, ndiyeno linalanda ndi Poland. Kugawikana kwa Russia wakale, kumene ukulu zonse akusemphana ndi mzake, kupewedwa nkhondo ake ku ngozi kunja.

Smolensk

Smolensk ukulu ili pakati lawolawo la Russia. Iwo linalandira ufulu pamene mwana Mstislava Velikogo Rostislav. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XII ndi ukulu wa Russia wakale anayamba kulimbana zowawa m'malo Kiev. The khama chachikulu mphamvu likulu wakale wa Smolensk ndi Chernigov anali olamulira.

Pamwamba pa wana mphamvu Rostislav pamsonkhano Mstislav Romanovich. Mu 1214-1223 gg. analamulira osati Smolensk, koma Kiev. Ndi kalonga uyu anali Mlengi wa woyamba antimongolskoy Mgwirizano anagonjetsa pa Kalka. Kenako Smolensk zosakwana ena anavulala pa kuwukira lapansi. Komabe, atsogoleri ake analipira msonkho kwa Golden gulu. Pang'onopang'ono ukulu cholizira pakati kupeza zochita Lithuania ndi Moscow. Ufulu pa nkhani zimenezi sizikanatheka yaitali. Motero, mu 1404 ndi Chilituyaniya kalonga Vytautas Smolensk mwachibadwa Ufumuyo chuma chake.

Kunja mu Diso

Ryazan ukulu inkakhala ku Middle Oka. Iwo anaima wochokera wa Chernigov olamulira. Mu 1160, ntchentche ku Ryazan anathyola Moore. kuwukira Mongol momvetsa kukantha m'mphepete. M'dzikoli, akalonga, maukulu a Russia wakale sanamvetse kuopsa kwa ankhondowo East. Mu 1237 woyamba Russian Ryazan mzinda anawonongedwa okhala steppe. Mtsogolo, ndi ukulu anali atayambana ndi mphamvu kukula wa Moscow. Mwachitsanzo, mkulu wa Ryazan Oleg Ivanovich kalekale ndi mdani Dmitriya Donskogo. Ryazan pang'onopang'ono kutaya pansi. Iwo anali linalanda ndi Moscow mu 1521.

Novgorod Republic

makhalidwe mbiri ya maukulu a Lazaro wakale sangakhale wathunthu popanda kutchula za Republic Novgorod. boma malinga ndi zikhalidwe zake makamaka zandale ndiponso moyo. Apa wakhazikitsa Republic lolemera ndi mphamvu ya Komiti otchuka. Akalonga anasankhidwa akazembe (iwo anaitanidwa kuchokera m'mayiko ena Russian).

A dongosolo ofanana ndale zachitika mu Pskov, omwe anatchedwa "mng'ono wa Novgorod." Mizindayo awiri anali malo malonda. Poyerekeza ndi malo ena Russian ndale iwo anali kulankhula kwambiri ndi Ulaya. Pambuyo Baltic States anatenga asilikali Catholic malamulo kumene kumakhala Amonke, pakati pa Knights ndi Novgorod anayamba mikangano kwambiri. nkhondo imeneyi pachimake mu 1240-ntchentche. Zinali ndiye kuti asilikali a Sweden ndi Germany nayenso anagonjetsa Prince Alexander Nevsky. Pamene nditangomaliza njira mbiri ya Russia Ancient ku Grand Duchy wa Moscow, mabwalo ndekha ndi Ivan III. Iye anagonjetsa Novgorod mu 1478.

kumpoto Russia

Woyamba malo andale a North-East Russia mu zaka XI-XII. anali Rostov, Suzdal ndi Vladimir. Ankalamulira ana a Monomakh ndi mwana wake wamng'ono Yuriya Dolgorukogo. The kuchiyang'anira bambo Andrew Bogolyubskii ndi Vsevolod ndi Nest Big analimbitsa ulamuliro wa Vladimir ukulu, Kudzaupanga waukulu ndi wamphamvu mu unagawanika Lazaro.

Ana Vsevolod Big Jack anayamba yaikulu nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Iwo anayamba kuoneka fiefdoms choyamba. Koma tsoka enieni anabwera ku North-East Russia, limodzi ndi asilikaliwa. Oyendayenda zavutitsa dera lino, kutenthedwa ambiri a mzinda. Pa Tartar khans ulamuliro anazindikira Vladimir akalonga okalamba mu Russia. Sinthani ankachitika amene analandira chizindikiro chapadera.

Pomenyera Vladimir kuonetsetsa awiri mdani watsopano: Tver ndi Moscow. Nsonga ya nkhondoyo mudabuluka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIV. Mu mpikisano uwu wopambana Moscow. Pang'onopang'ono akalonga ake limodzi ndi North-East Russia, nagubuduza Mongol-Chitata goli ndipo kenako adalenga wogwirizana Russian boma (woyamba wa mfumu yake mu 1547 anakhala Ivan Grozny).