Lefortovo Palace: zomangamanga wamanga, mbiri

M'chaka cha 1675 panali modabwitsa wokongola komanso amadzisamalira mnyamata mu Moscow. Iye anabwera ku Switzerland pofunafuna ulendo ndi chuma pafupi. Ubwino wake - ndiyeno kafungo ena anali kwambiri. German kuthetsa komwe ankakhala, mu zaka akabwera piringupiringu ndi adventurers, koma iye anali, Franz Lefort, tsoka wakonzera lamatikiti kuwina, kupanga mnzake wapamtima wa Petra Velikogo.

Young wokondedwa chuma

Kuthetsa kotala German, Franz anali mu palibe msangamsanga kwa katundu okha ndi utakhala zapadera, ndi kuti njira zofunika pamoyo, anakwatira ochepa overripe, koma mabuku operekedwa ndi mwana wamkazi wa msilikali Sug, pofunafuna chimwemwe anabweretsa Russia ku France. Achinyamata abwino, okongola, ndipo pambali, kupeza malowolo yokulirapo Lefort ndi moyo wopanda mavuto ambiri, phwando Sipadzakhalanso. Izo zinali mu kamvuluvulu zosangalatsa, ndipo anali kuyembekezera kukumana ndi achinyamata pamene Mfumu Peter I.

The Swiss achinyamata anali matalente angati, koma lotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo chinali luso akaonekere kwa munthu woyenera. Posachedwapa Russian autocrat, osati napita naye kwa iye, komanso anapangidwa mmodzi wa matrasti ake. Kuyambira pamenepo ntchito Lefort zikuchepa anakwera phiri, ndipo wothandiza Fortuna kukwezedwa mwayi chifukwa kwambiri bwino kupambana.

Wamkulu Koposa mphatso kwa ankakonda ake

Kuwolowa manja kwa okondedwa wake, Peter amapanga latsopano Pet moona achifumu mphatso - nyumba kwa iye Moscow, pa gombe la Yauza Nyumbayi yapamwamba, atazungulira paki ndi otchedwa Lefortovo Palace. Wazomangamanga wotchedwa Dmitry Aksamitov, amene anatenga dongosolo analinganiza ndi yomanga nyumba, anamaliza chilengedwe chake mu 1698. Zinali nzeru kwambiri chifukwa nthawi yake.

Poyamba anamanga nyumba zachifumu Moscow anafika poipa kwambiri pamaso pa okhala akalonga mwayi. Nyumbayi wake inamangidwa otchedwa kalembedwe Akasakaniza, amene yophatikiza zinthu za nyumba zakale za ndende ndipo mumaganiza za akutulukira zaka zimenezo, amatchedwa "Baroque Petulo". Zapamwamba kuti woyambitsa wa ntchito ndi oyamba mapulani Russian amene anapanga kuti athetse mwa chimango yopapatiza ya zomangamanga chisanadze Petrine.

Kozama chipinda kolandira

Mu izo, chirichonse chinali chatsopano ndi zachilendo poyerekeza ndi malamulo okhazikika Moscow. Kuti Lefortovo Palace, malo a misonkhano m'tsogolo kuti akhoza kumakhalamo ambiri invitees, mfumu inalamula kukonza mu oterewa holo, osati wolephera kukula kwa lachitsanzo European. D. Aksamitov Chimodzimodzi basi anakwaniritsa lamulo limeneli, ndi kunyada anamanga nyumba yachifumu anakhala chimphona holo ndi khumi okwera m'dera mamita mazana atatu lalikulu.

Kuwala chandeliers wapatali amasonyeza zosiyanasiyana kalirole, yokutidwa yaikulu chithunzi cha Peter Ine, majestically ayang'ana pansi ndi padded wofiira nsalu English khoma. Pamaso alendo mosadziwa anataya kuchuluka kwa zithunzi ndi zopeta wokongola, svezonnyh pano masitolo bwino mu Europe. Chipinda chinali chachikulu kuti akhoza amasirira kukongola kwa anthu mazana khumi ndi asanu pa nthawi.

Maapatimenti zipinda

Ine kugunda Lefortovo yachifumu ndi apamwamba a zipinda zina. Kuchokera Maulendo a m'nthawi mukudziwa kuti maso Kufalitsa Maapatimenti zipinda, kuphatikizapo munthu, moyo khungu wobiriwira anadzazidwa ndi makabati China, mankhwala ena kugunda kuyang'ana whimsical ambuye Chinese, wachitatu - mipando wapatali. Ndipo kotero chuma anali osawerengeka.

paki yachifumu

Mu nkhaniyi, onse anali ndi paki azinga Lefortovo Palace. Pa izo, tikuphunzira kalata mwini, iwo anatumiza kwa m'bale wake mu 1698. Limafotokoza yaikulu kumadela mwawomwawo, kumene pakati pa mitengo pamthunzi kukhala ngati kuthengo, nyama zakutchire. Lefort ananenanso mu kalata ya m'chipani a nthawi imeneyo - amatunga yokumba lokhala ndi nsomba.

Kamangidwe kumanga ikuchitika m'njira kuti kutsogolo waukulu anatembenuzidwa kwa Yauza. Akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi zimaonekera amaonera ngati mtsinje waukulu ndithu. Malinga ndi wolemba, maonekedwe onse a m'nyumba ya anali lowonjezera anayikidwa pa tambirimbiri ndi mfuti makumi asanu.

Themberero, mavuto a nyumba yachifumu

Housewarming chipani pamodzi ndi chimwemwe osadziletsa, kunachitika mu February 1699. Monga kuchokera pa nthawi imeneyo zinkachokera zinsinsi Lefortovo yachifumu. chakuti nkhani zake zinali zambiri zochitika osadziŵika ndi wafunsira nthano sitikuwamvetsa bwino. The woyamba anali atamwalira mwadzidzidzi mwini nyumba, atagonjetsedwa mu masabata atatu pambuyo zikondwerero ndi zimene zinawachitikira.

Chifukwa boma la matenda ake anali kutchedwa, zaka zambiri adzazunzidwa Lefort, koma sanafune nazo izo umanena pa ena nsanje umene anali odzaza ndi kuthetsa German, Pakati akanakhoza bwino bwino zinapezeka kuti akatswiri ziphe. Koma kenako, pamene anapitiriza oopsa chingwe cha imfa, maganizo akhala anayamba temberero ena, atatsamira kwambiri pa nyumba iyi. Choncho kapena ayi - zovuta kunena, koma kutali zikhulupiriro, Petro anagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zazikulu kwa cholinga chake, kukonza mu madyerero a akazembe, yadera ndiponso zambiri binges monga openga.

The mwini latsopano la nyumba ya

Izi chinakhalapo mpaka 1706, mpaka kuthetsa zinachitika mu Semenovskaya moto sanawononge kunyumba ya ina ankakonda mfumu - Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Wopepesa akuvutika yolemekezeka ya moto, mfumu anam'patsa amasiye Lefortovo yachifumu kutenga ena mwa kukonzanso ake. Anaitanidwa ndi mwini latsopano, Russian wamanga chiyambi Italy Giovanni Maria Fontana, kuwonjezera pa nyumba zikuluzikulu anamangidwira omasulidwa nyumba Quad-storey zolumikizana mlathowu yokutidwa, bwalo okongoletsedwa ndi arcades zosamvetsetseka.

Kuyambira pamenepo nyumba yachifumu Lefortovo anadziwika monga Menshikov, koma gravitated pa iye temberero sikuloledwa ndi kuti mpaka mapeto a masiku kusangalala kukongola kwa zipinda zodabwitsa. Atamwalira woyang'anira wake kwathunthu zavorovavshiysya Aleksandrov watwya mphamvu ndi ku Siberia, monga iwo amati, ndi kulandidwa katundu.

Tsogolo wovulalayo mizimu yoyipa

Pamene, mu kochepa cha ulamuliro wa Peter II likulu kachiwiri anasamukira ku Moscow, nyumba iyi anakhala wa yogona ya mfumu wamng'ono. Zinali mwa iye ndi autocrat ikaleka mu 1727, anafika ku coronation wake. Komabe, temberero ndi anakumbutsanso palokha - atamwalira mlongo wake Natalya Alekseevna. Uchimo, Peter II anasiya nyumba, koma anabwerera chaka chotsatira.

Zinali totupa na iye. Popeza anakhalako ku "oipa akale Palace" pasanathe chaka, mfumu inayamba chinkhoswe Mfumukazi Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy, koma ukwati sanali kukhala. Pa tsiku yoikidwiratu, January 18, 1730, anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, anakwera wachifumu wa Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna.

Bes kenako analephera podgadit choncho. M'bwalo lina la nyumba yachifumu, iye anauzidwa kuti aswe anasaina chikhalidwe choyamba, chimene okha achifumu mphamvu chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa. Chifukwa cha wamatama Mfumukazi kwa zaka khumi analumphira Russia mu maelstrom wamagazi wa nkhanza wake.

Angapo akalambula bwino kwambiri chinali chabe Mfumukazi Elizabeth Petrovna, ndi sizingawononge zikuoneka kuti ndinakhala pano mu 1742 akuchezeredwa kwa Moscow. Anapulumutsa tsogolo la maso a buluu kukongola, koposa china chilichonse lyubivshuyu zovala kusangalala ndi msilikali alonda wokongola. Atafika ake yachifumu zipinda anabwezeretsedwa pambuyo m'kati mwa iwo moto wa Moscow mu chaka cha 1737.

Tsoka zina la nyumba ya

Ndi chuma cha chuma, ndi Lefortovo Palace mu Moscow kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito kwambiri ngati nyumba yolandirira akazembe achilendo, ndi akazembe zofunika kwambiri. Komanso, mu 1771, izo linaikidwa mliri kwaokha ndipo kenako kuthetsedwa atumiki zamasewero a. Phindu latsopano anagula nyumba yachifumu mu 1804, pamene ili mu Archive asilikali boma.

Kutha kwa ulemerero wa nyumba anabwera 1812. moto moto wokhawokha likulu lakale si anapulumuka, ndipo makoma awa. Kuyambira pamenepo, pomwepo kumene Petro Baroque blended mumgwirizano wangwiro ndi wakale Russian Terem kalembedwe, aakulu bwinja linada. Ku thumba kunalibe ndalama kumangidwanso, nyumba yachifumu anamuthawa ndipo anamuiwala kwa zaka zambiri.

Malinga ndi Maulendo a m'nthawi, mabwinja ake posachedwapa inamera mitengo ndi udzu, amene ankaoneka kuti ndikuyesa kubisa kwa maso a odutsa chowawa zizindikiro za osasamalidwa. Mabwinja okha monga anthu atsopano anaonekera posachedwa. Achita malo a mbala m'dera ndi achifwamba, kubisala kumeneko ndi apolisi. Iwo analimbikitsidwa ndi chachikulu, kamodzi-anakonzekeretsa, ndipo pa nthawi paki zakutchire. Masiku amenewo, Muscovites anayesa kupeza kuzungulira malo a mdima uno.

Nyumba yachifumu, omwe anakhala akusungidwa

Chitsitsimutso la nyumba anayamba mu makumi anai mochedwa za m'ma XIX, pamene pa lamulo pamwamba pa Nicholas mwayekha anamangidwanso bwereza lachitatu pansi. M'zipinda ili zake boma Archive wa Main ndodo ya Army, amene alipo lero.

Koma lero, mu zovuta izi nyumba pafupi ndi asilikali limafotokoza ndi kusonkhanitsa kwambiri zipangizo zomvetsera zokhudzana ndi nthawi zosiyana za mbiri. zosonkhanitsira Izi zikuphatikizapo zipilala zambiri za phokoso zachikhalidwe ndi umoyo ndale. Yosonkhanitsa laibulale kwambiri, wotchedwa mwachidule RGAFD, mukhoza kuona ndi kumvetsera zosiyanasiyana onyamula phokoso, kuchokera zonenepa sera CD ano.

Chipilala cha Moscow zaka

Pendani Moscow zaka n'kosatheka kuona Lefortovo Palace. Amagwiritsa .. 2 Bauman Street, etc. 3. Pezani chithunzithunzi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yapansi ndi kutsika pa Bauman siteshoni ndipo akhoza anafika pa basi chiwerengero 78. Pankhani kwambiri, aliyense Muscovite kuuzanso inu kumene yachifumu Lefortovo ili.

Today maonekedwe ake ndi wosiyana pang'ono kwa anali nawo m'nthawi zakale. Chifukwa chake - mu rearrangements zambiri, nthawi zambiri imachitika yekha zolinga zothandiza ndipo popanda kutenga nkhani wapadera kamangidwe, anabzala kumeneko ndi ntchito wapachiyambi.

Chifukwa cha kusintha anapangidwa kwa kamangidwe wonse wa m'deralo, anatseka ndi view kamodzi-wokongola ku Yauza. Koma themberero, gravitated pa nyumba yachifumu mu masiku akale, ndiye bola ngati makoma ake anali asilikali, zilibe kuonekera - ngakhale akuthamanga kuchokera Russian asilikali mizimu yoipa.