M'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod: zigawo, m'midzi ndi m'midzi ing'onoing'ono

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1714 mpaka 1719 ndi lamulo la Peter Ine ikuchitika kusintha dera umene olekanitsidwa mabungwe atsopano osiyana. Pa maziko a lamulo la chigawo Nizhny Novgorod udachokamo mu Kazan ndipo anapanga wagawo palokha likulu lake mu Nizhny Novgorod.

masiteji mapangidwe

Administrative kugawikana 1708 zinachititsa kuti inalowa la Nizhny Novgorod kwa chigawo Kazan. patapita zaka zingapo mbali kumpoto-kumadzulo anakhala osiyana palokha m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod. Patangodutsa zaka zitatu kuchokera mapangidwe ake kukakhalanso Kazan. Final ufulu iye analandira May 29, 1719 ndi lamulo la Peter I. Mu nthawi kuchokera chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu zamanja zosiyanasiyana zikukangalika otukuka. Kugwiritsa kulima a m'mayiko ena, kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu chikhalidwe cha ntchito, kupanga chofunika ndalama chuma anabweretsa chigawo ku gawo lina.

zamanja m'dera

Anthu ambiri ankagwira ntchito yopanga potashi. mankhwala izi pamene ntchito mu kupanga sopo, kupanga galasi ndi utoto, komanso kupanga ufa. Arzamas County linali likulu la kupanga. Mudzi wa chigawo Nizhny Novgorod anatchuka chifukwa blacksmiths aluso ndi amisiri nayenso. Anthu Balakhna makamaka ntchito pa shipbuilding ndi chinkhoswe kupanga mchere. Mudzi wa chigawo Nizhny Novgorod nakhala midzi angapo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Bogorodskoye anali pomwepo naini m'midzi, omwe anali wotchuka wolemekezeka ofufuta zikopa. Makampani anayambanso mwachangu m'chigawochi. Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, ndi nangula lalikulu chomera inamangidwa parishi Gorodetsky. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma yomweyo anayamba kugwira ntchito yake chitsulo ndi kuponyedwa zomera chitsulo Demidov. Likulu mafakitale wakhala Nizhniy Novgorod. Apa chinkhoswe kupanga chingwe, shipbuilding, processing zitsulo, tanneries, moŵa, kupanga chimera, njerwa ndi zitsulo, ndi ena ambiri. Komanso, chigawo wotchuka chifukwa amalonda wabwino onyamula katundu m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ndipo ngakhale mpaka anafika Siberia.

The zikuchokera zigawozo pamaso pa 1917

Mu 1779, boma anaganiza kukhazikitsa Nizhny Novgorod kazembe, amene akuphatikizapo zigawo khumi ndi zitatu. Mu 1796 boma unatha, choncho m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod unakhazikitsidwa. Kusinthaku kwachititsa chiyembekezo chakuti wa Mfumukazi, Macarius, Sergach, Pochinok ndi Pyanskoperevozskogo zigawo. Patatha zaka eyiti pansi kuchira kumalondolera atatu oyambirira. Chifukwa cha chigawo Nizhni Novgorod mu kuukira boma la 1917, nthawi ya chaka munali zigawo khumi. Yaikulu ya izi ndi chigawo Nizhniy Novgorod ndi anthu anthu 90.053. Arzamas Balakhna chigawo ndipo m'gulu pamwamba zitatu ndi nambala 10 592 ndi 5 120 motero. Pomwepo adadza Gorbatovsky, Sergach, Vasilsursk, Semyonov ndi Ardatov zigawo. Ambiri manambala wamng'ono anali Mfumukazi, ndi Lukoyanovskaya Makarievsky zigawo.

Post-chosintha moyo wa Nizhny Novgorod

Pambuyo utasintha cha 1917, chaka ndi zigawo latsopano Polemeretsedwa m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod. Zigawo okha anawonjezera, komanso mwina anadzatchedwa. 1918 ndi tsiku renaming Gorbatovskaya County mu Pavlovsky. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chigawo Kuuka unakhazikitsidwa. Ndi renaming Makaryevsky anaonekera Lyskovsky County patapita zaka ziwiri. 1921 zinachititsa mapangidwe wina atatu - Vyskunskogo, Pochinok ndi Sormovo. Komanso chaka chino, County anadzatchedwa Balakhninsky Gorodetsky. Patapita chaka chimodzi, m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod watenga pansi mapiko zigawo ziwiri ndi zigawo 6 Kostroma, pafupifupi Kurmysh chigawo cha Simbirsk, ndi townships anayi, poyamba a Tambov. Chotero zikuluzikulu kusintha Kupititsa zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha m'dera Kanavinsky ntchito. Zikamera wa zigawo latsopano chinathandiza chiyembekezo chakuti wakale ndi inalowa ndi kusakanikirana ndi akuluakulu. Choncho ndi mbiri Pochinok, Kurmysh, ndi Mfumukazi, Kuuka, Vasilsursk, Varnavinsky ndi Artdatovsky zigawo. Iye anawonekera mu chaka chino Krasnobakovsky County. Mu 1924, anayi parishi n'kukakhala ku Mari Autonomous Region. Kumpoto Dvina Governorate anawonjezera kuti parishi, amene anaonekera kwa Nizhny Novgorod. Pankhani mapangidwe mabungwe atsopano, ndiye iwo kukhala Rastyapinsky Balakhninsky ndi malo ntchito. Komanso mu 1924 Somovsky County anali lidzasinthidwa chigawo ntchito kalasi. Potsatira zotsatira za kusintha pambuyo chosintha mu 1926, chigawo Nizhny Novgorod m'gulu zigawo khumi ndi zigawo zinayi.

chidwi Ndipotu

Paliponse mu Russian Ufumu anali osaposa makampani kanyumba anayamba kuposa m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod. Pamaso zitasintha panali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabuku kufotokoza ntchito. The chidwi kwambiri ndi zofunika kwa mbiri ya ankaona atatu buku "Nizhny Novgorod Province wa Research zemstvo zigawo." voliyumu yake yachiwiri bwinobwino limafotokoza tsatanetsatane wa makampani kanyumba mu gawo ili la Russia. Chimakopa osati nkhani za m'bukuli, komanso ntchito yake. Leafing kudzera, owerenga wakumana ndi nambala yaikulu mafanizo wapadera. Ambiri a iwo anasonyeza Timatheriyali Chotsimikizika kupanga yaikulu khala ndi mfuti kwa zolengedwa zovuta aluso wosula.

Memo chi

Masiku ano, pafupifupi aliyense amene anakhalako nthawi ya amayesetsa kusonkhanitsa mudziwe zambiri za mmene awo. Kuti apeze ngati munthu uli wobadwa mwa Nizhny Novgorod chigawo lero, kuti otchuka, kapena makolo ake anali osavuta osema, kuthandiza mibadwo buku la chigawo Nizhny Novgorod. Phunzirani zingakhale Intaneti mwa "United Center Lobadwiramo," kapena funsani Archive lanu. mabuku mibadwo pofotokoza antchito a nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira pano mungapeze mu zomwe mphamvu anali kholo: a dokotala kapena postman, woweruza, kapena nkhalango. deta zokambidwa malo mu 1847, 1855, 1864 ndi 1891. Komanso chiyambi nkhani yake timafufuza buku adiresi ndi kalendala.