Mabusa okwanira dera - chitsanzo cha ubale wa zamoyo mkati biocenosis ndi

Mu biocenosis kumeneko kupalasa njinga ya kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwamuna wangayo, ndipo amayenda chikhalidwe zopanda moyo kukhala ndi kachiwiri. Mphamvu kwa ndondomekoyi ndi dzuwa. mphamvu zake mu dongosolo loyamba ndi n'kukhala mphamvu mankhwala, ndiye mu makina kenako mu kutentha chifukwa cha chakudya zamoyo pakati zachilengedwe.

maubwenzi amenewa ali amatchedwanso unyolo trophic.

lingaliro ambiri

Kuti wathunthu asapita kuphunzira biocenotic pakati pa zamoyo osiyana mu sayansi amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo unyolo chakudya. Biology zimamuthandiza tanthauzo zotsatirazi: pamndandanda wa mitundu kapena magulu a zamoyo, imene asapita chakudya ndi mwadongosolo, ndipo aliyense kugwirizana wapitawu unyolo ndi chakudya cha mtsogolo.

Links wa unyolo chakudya

Mu aliyense unyolo chakudya , pali zambiri zogwiritsidwa.

Ulalo choyamba ndi alimi, kapena alimi. udindo wawo imagwiridwa ndi zomera autotrophic, imene ndondomeko dzuwa kutembenuka dzuwa mphamvu mu mphamvu mankhwala.

Ulalo lachiwirili consuments. Iwo herbivores (ogula yaikulu) ndi carnivores (zasekondale ndi ukachenjede ogula) nyama.

Ulalo lachitatu - izo decomposers. Iwo anapatsidwa tizilombo kuti kuwola ndinso zatsalira organic ndi zinthu zochita kupanga.

piramidi Environmental

Mu kusintha kwa wina trophic (zakudya) kugwirizana kwa ena nthawi zonse kumachitika zinthu ndi mphamvu imfa tenfold. Izi ankaona yotsatirika komanso zachilengedwe otchedwa ulamuliro zachilengedwe piramidi.

M'munsi mwa piramidi anakonza alimi. Pamwamba pawo ndi ogula chachikulu. Siteji yotsatira ndi zasekondale ndi ukachenjede ogula. Ili ogwirira pamwamba. Kutalika kwa mapiramidi angakhale zotalika mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi unyolo chakudya. Kawirikawiri zilibe upambana mayunitsi 4-5 chifukwa cha kuchepa mofulumira mphamvu.

Nkofunika kuti kapangidwe ka lililonse limakhala zingaphatikizepo mitundu yambiri ya kudya zakudya wonyong'onya. Ndipo nyama amene amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, akhoza kutenga malo wosiyana mu unyolo, kapena ngakhale kulowa madera osiyana.

Mitundu unyolo chakudya

M'madera onse kwachilengedwenso awa akuimira mitundu ina ya unyolo okwanira. Iwo ali maina awa: dendritic, msipu. Aliyense mtundu uli ndi makhalidwe ake, ndipo akuyamba ndi zamoyo zina. Choncho, ziweto magulidwe akatundu - chitsanzo cha ubale wa chakudya kuti kuyamba ndi zomera zobiriwira angathe photosynthesis. dera wotero ambiri magwero a biocenosis. Dendritic maonekedwe akuyamba ndi zamoyo kuti ntchito mphamvu anamasulidwa pa processing wa nkhani zinyalala.

Zitsanzo unyolo chakudya

Trophic ankachita wa zamoyo mu zimadalirana ndi zovuta ndithu. kufanana kundipatsako unyolo nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Zitsanzo: herbaceous zomera - yaing'ono makoswe - nyama zolusa; udzu - herbivores (ungulates) nyama - lalikulu nyama zolusa. madera awa kuphatikiza mamembala a tiers osiyana biocenosis ndi kuchita khola kulankhulana therebetween. Izi ankachita - unyolo odyetserako chakudya. Mwachitsanzo pamwambapa zikusonyeza ndondomeko ya kumanga mayunitsi m'menemo.

A dongosolo zovuta ubale trophic mkati biocenosis zipangitsa bata ake, mphamvu ndiponso kukhulupirika. Ngati bwino atayika mwa mitundu (anthu kuchepa chifukwa cha mlili wa AIDS, zochita za anthu), zomwe ulalo mu unyolo, pali wathunthu kapena tsankho chiwonongeko cha lonse zachilengedwe mdera.

Kodi odyetserako chakudya unyolo? Zitsanzo zotsatirazi: anthu zimawononga makoswe ang'ono kupulumutsa mbewu zawo dziko. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anafa chifukwa chosowa chakudya zosiyanasiyana zolusa, amene anatumikira chakudya. Komanso decomposers zitsulo pang'ono organic akonzanso (akufa) zatsalira ndi kutulutsa osakwanira kuchuluka kwa zinthu mchere. Chifukwa cha ichi unakhala zomera ochepa chifukwa chosowa zinthu zochita kupanga. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, biocoenosis lonse akhoza oskudet ndi kuwasandutsa mtundu wina.

Komanso, dziwe ndi kusangalala ndi ubale zithunzi zamoyo. Komanso vnutripastbischnaya kundipatsako unyolo. Mwachitsanzo kutsukidwa mosungiramo, umene algae ndi zooplankton mbisoweka. Zotsatira zake zinali kutha kwa nsomba yaing'ono kuti kudya iwo. Komanso pali mofulumira nsomba zolusa. Chifukwa, amachepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi nyama, dongosolo lonse linakhala pansi. Kubwezeretsa izo zidzayenera kukhala nthawi yaitali ndipo zinthu zina.

Choncho, mgwirizano chakudya mkati biocenosis zinthu zazikulu za bata ake ndi chitukuko.