Afghanstan wandale Mohammad Najibullah: yonena, mbiri ndi njira ya moyo

Devotee nthawi zambiri, Mohammad Najibullah anapeza mphamvu si kuti akampereke anthu awo ndi dziko lawo. Lowopsya kuphedwa kwa pulezidenti wakale kudabwa anthu ake komanso adani, anakwiya anthu onse Afghanstan.

yonena

Mohammed Najibullah - States, pulezidenti wa Afghanistan kuchokera 1986 mpaka 1992. Anabadwira ku mudzi wa Milan, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Gardez, August 6, 1947. atate wake, Akhtar Mohammad ntchito mu kazembe mu Peshawar, agogo - mtsogoleri Ahmedzai fuko. Mohammad Najibullah ubwana anakhala pafupi ndi malire Pak-Afghanstan, pali sukulu ya sekondale.

Mu 1965 Najibullah m'gulu la Democratic Party ndi kutsogolera oletsedwa demokalase ophunzira anthu. Mu 1969 iye anagwidwa poyimba anthu yokonza kugalukira ndi, kuchita nawo zitsanzo ndi kunyanyala. Mu January 1970 anamangidwanso kachiwiri, nthawi imeneyi chipongwe United States ndi kumachita mosiyana uchete wa dziko. Nthawi, iye ndi ophunzira anaponya mazira makina Spiro Agnew - wotsatila mutsogoleli wa United States.

The ukapolo loyamba

Mu 1975, Mohammad Najibullah maphunziro University Medical mu Kabul, ndiyeno kwambiri maganizo awo pa ntchito za chipani, mu 1977 anaikidwa mu Komiti ya ku Central wa dziko la Democratic Party wa Afghanistan. Zitasintha anatsogolera mu Council Saur Chiwukirano ndi komiti phwando Kabul. Koma kusagwirizana mkati chipani yokakamiza iye kuti achoke likulu, Najibullah anatumizidwa ku Iran kazembe. Koma mu October 1978 iye ndiye amachotsedwa pa nchitozi ndi mosatsata nzika, umene Mohammad Najibullah anakakamizika kupita ku Moscow, kumene anali kubisalira mpaka December 1979 mpaka asilikali Soviet sanalowe m'dera la Afghanistan.

Homecoming

Back mu dziko, Najibullah anayamba kutsogolera asilikali a chitetezo, kuwonjezeka ndodo yake antchito zikwi makumi atatu, makamaka 120 amene anali mu utumiki chitetezo. Koma ndiye iye sanali kuloledwa ntchito mu mtendere, mabungwe ambiri, kuphatikizapo "Amnesty International", adamnenera Iye okhudzidwa mu n'kosaloleka kumangidwa, kuzunzidwa ndi ufulu wa anthu kuyan'anila. Koma palibe umboni pa milandu sanali, mu nthawi ya utumiki wake Khad anali ayi misa mantha ndi chiwonongeko cha anthu wawo nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Amin.

Afghanstan: Mohammad Najibullah - Pulezidenti

November 30, 1986, Najibullah anasankhidwa pulezidenti wa Afghanistan. Koma popeza Atangofika ku utsogoleri dziko mu chipani anayambanso kugawanika: ena amapereka Karmal, winayo - pulezidenti panopa. Kuti mwanjira kuyanjanitsa magulu omenyanawa, mu January 1987 izo linavomereza 'pa chiyanjanitso dziko. " Declaration n'kukulemberani mapeto a Nkhondo udakali yothetsa nkhondo mwa zokambirana mtendere.

Mu December 1989, pasanathe masiku pambuyo asilikali Soviet anachoka Afghanistan, ndi Mujahideen anapezerapo kuukira pa Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah analengeza boma la mwadzidzidzi mu dziko. March 5, 1990, mlandu wa a halkistami anamangidwa. Poyankha, mtumiki chitetezo ya dziko Shahnawaz Tanai bungwe kupanduka zida. Kutetezedwa mu umodzi wa bunkers ndi, Mohammad Najibullah analamula yimitsira la kupanduka kwake, kukana anali ndi chisoni oyambirira March. Kulinganiza anapanduka anathawira ku Pakistan, komwe kenako anagwirizana ndi gulu Hekmatyar.

Kusakhulupirika kumbali zonse

Mu 1990, Shevardnadze akufuna kuthetsa Commission kugwira ntchito Afghanistan, zochita zake kuvomereza, nthawi yomweyo siyani mwa kundipatsako kwa manja. Choncho, dziko la opanda thandizo la Soviet Union, ndi izo, ndi Pulezidenti Nadzhibulla Mohammad. sayansi Political - sayansi ya zosintha ndi wosakhazikika, nkhonyayo wotsatira unali US. Mu 1991, Dzheyms Beyker zinasaina lamulo pa kuchotsa zida ndi zipangizo zipolopolo zotsutsana maphwando mu Afghanistan. Izi achepetsa chikoka cha Najibullah. April 16, 1992 m'manja wake positi Najibullah Abdur Rahim Hatefu, amene ankatenga wogwirizira utsogoleri. Ndipo mu April chaka chomwecho , General Dostum bungwe chiwembu kuti anabweretsa ndi mphamvu Mujahideen.

M'dzinja 1992, a asilikali Hekmatyar ndi Massoud mlandu mzake kukhumudwitsa ndi kusiya zida ndi zida zankhondo malo, anasiya Kabul. Pa nthawi yomweyo Soviet Union lithe akazembe ake ku Afghanistan. Najibullah ndi gulu lake anapereka m'mene angatetezedwe ndale kuti mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Russia ndi US, koma anasankha kukhala Kabul, wosafuna kuponya dziko amasankha nthawi yovuta.

Pamaso pa adani a mzinda anatha mozembetsa mkazi wake ndi mlongo ndi ana ku Delhi. Mu Kabul, anali m'bale wake Shapur Ahmadzai, mkulu wa chitetezo Dzhafsar, mutu wa ofesi ya Nadzhibulla Mohammad ndi Toohey. Ulendo wa moyo anakankha pulezidenti wakale atathawira ku ofesi ya kazembe wa India, ndiyeno pa United Nations. Boma la dziko, zikusintha mu 1995 ndi 1996, anafuna kuti apereke Najibullah. Zimakhalanso zovuta zinandipweteka anakantha ndi ogwirizana zakale. Kozyrev (Minister okhonda) ananena kuti Moscow sakufuna chochita ndi zotsala za ulamuliro yoyamba Afghanistan.

The ngwazi Last

September 26, 1996, Taliban analanda likulu Afghanstan, Kabul, Najibullah ndi anthu ake anatengedwa kuchokera ku ofesi UN. Iye kusaina chikalata pa kuzindikira malire Pakistan-Afghanstan, koma iye anakana. Pambuyo mtengo aakulu, iye kuti aphedwe Pulezidenti wakale Mohammad Najibullah. kuphedwa unachitika pa 27 September, Najibullah ndi m'bale wake womangidwa kwa galimoto yake yolalikira kwa ya pulezidenti, kumene ndiye anapachikidwa.

Kwirirani Najibullah pambuyo miyambo ya Islam ndi Taliban oletsedwa, koma anthu adakali anakumbukira ndi kulemekezedwa yokumbukira: anthu Peshawar ndi Quetta mobisa kuwerenga pa pemphero lake. Atapeza akadali anam'patsa fuko la Red Cross, Ahmadzai, kumene agogo ake anali mtsogoleri, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu mzinda wa kwawo wa Gardez.

Pa tsiku khumi la imfa ya Najibullah woyamba anasonkhanitsa masewera kuti kulemekeza yokumbukira. Mutu wa Party wa Afghanistan "Vatan" Dzhabarhel adafotokoza kuti Mohammad Najibullah anaphedwa adani ndi adani a anthu pa malamulo kuchokera kunja. A 2008 kafukufuku wa anthu anasonyeza kuti 93,2% ya anthu amenewa anali mokomera Najibullah.