M'mapapo khansa - lochititsa masiku athu

M'mapapo khansa ndi mmodzi wa khansa ambiri mu dziko. Chimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi osiyana:

• Kusuta chiopsezo imayambitsa 85-90% milandu - kwa anthu osuta fodya komanso sanali osuta omwe umakhala pafupi ndi amakakamizidwa pokoka mpweya fodya - chabe osuta. Mosavuta khansa ya m'mapapo zimadalira nthawi okwana mu zaka za fodya, nambala ya ndudu kusuta pa tsiku, kuya ndi mtundu wa Anabweza kumasuta ndudu. Mosavuta khansa ya m'mapapo komanso zimadalira pa msinkhu womwe anthu kuyamba kusuta, mwamsanga chiopsezo ndi apamwamba. Fodya muli poizoni ndi zinthu carcinogenic: NKHA, acetaldehyde, amoniya, benzene, formaldehyde, vinilu enaake, etc.

• Mu tsiku ndi tsiku n'zothekanso kuchuluka cheza. Chitsime cha ichi chikhoza kukhala nyukiliya radon gasi, amene anapanga ndi kuvunda nyukiliya wa ureniamu. Radon adzamasulidwa ku matumbo a dziko lapansi, m'matanthwe, miyala, miyala, m'madera migodi miyala ndi zipangizo yomanga. Radon alowa m'thupi kudzera madzi ndi mpweya.

• thanzi la anthu ndi anakhudzidwa ndi kantchito - zinthu akatswiri. Izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti khansa ya m'mapapo ndi ambiri antchito asibesitosi, malasha, chromium, faifi tambala ndi mafakitale ena migodi processing. Iwo ananena kuti kukhalapo kwa asibesitosi kuntchito pamodzi ndi kusuta kumaonjezera ngozi ya matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo ndi maulendo asanu.

• yaitali ndi aakulu kutupa mu minofu m'mapapo limathandiza kuti chitukuko cha khansa ya m'mapapo.

• Ndipo TB imatengedwa zikanavulaza kuti chiopsezo kudwala kansa ya m'mapapo. Munthu akhoza kudwala chachikulu khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kachiwiri. Pankhani ya khansa ya m'mapapo ndi zambiri popanda zizindikiro chachikulu makamaka. Mu za 5-15% milandu, matenda amene amapezeka pa mwachisawawa pachifuwa X-ray odwala ndi zizindikiro palibe kapena zizindikiro za matenda. Nthawi zambiri, odwala kukaona dotolo chifukwa cha dandaulo makamaka: kutsokomola, sputum, zimenezi magazi, kufupika kwa mpweya ndi ululu pachifuwa. Koma ngakhale pamaso zizindikiro pamwamba ingaoneke zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti: kutopa, kufooka, kuwonda, chilakolako osauka, malungo, magazi m'thupi. Mu kukhazikitsa zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku, anthu akufunika nthawi kuti apumule, iye anaona kugunda mofulumira, amene sanali kale. Komanso, khansa ya m'mapapo ingafalire kuti zimakhala ozungulira - mitsempha plexus la kholingo, mtima. Mu milandu, matenda kale anavomereza ndipo zimayambitsa kupweteka phewa, zipolowe kwenikweni, zovuta ndi kudya, mtima arrhythmias, kulephera mtima. Maselo a khansa ya m'mapapo mukhoza kupeza pali kudzera m'magazi ziwalo kutali - fupa, chiwindi, ubongo. Ndiye kuti zizindikiro zosonyeza zizindikiro matenda a kujowina la mbali ziwalo.

Pa nthawi ya matenda zambiri kudziwa za mtundu wa maselo zilonda khansa ya m'mapapo. Pali magulu awiri aakulu, omwe chifukwa cha pa 90% milandu onse a khansa ya m'mapapo - yaing'ono chipinda ndipo sanali yaing'ono khansa selo m'mapapo. Small selo chotupa ndi mwamakani, ndi kukula mofulumira, izo amakhala ndi malo chapakati, kufalikira (metastasizes) kudzera m'magazi - 2/3 la metastases kutali ali kale pa nthawi ya matenda koyamba. Mankhwalawa zoyambirira za khansa selo kakang'ono - mtundu wamba mankhwala - mankhwala amphamvu.

Non-ang'ono khansa selo m'mapapo (pafupifupi 80% odwala khansa ya m'mapapo) zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi:

• Squamous - zimachitika nthawi zambiri monga ulamuliro, anapanga mu Airways lalikulu, Munthu wotere pang'onopang'ono wakhala kugwirizana ndi kusuta.

• Adenocarcinoma - aumbike ku zopangitsa bronchial zaminyewa.

• Bronhoalveolny - kupangidwa mu alveoli a m'mapapo.

• Bolshekletochny - zambiri anapanga pa periphery ya m'mapapo. Pankhani ya si yaing'ono khansa selo m'mapapo, pamene ndondomeko sinafalikire kapena ayi ziwalo pafupi zokhudza ntchito ntchito. Pamaso pa siteji ntchito wayikidwa khansa, udindo lymph mfundo Akuti, kapena ngati palibe metastases lakutali. Voliyumu ya ntchito zosiyanasiyana - malinga ndi kukula ndi malo chotupa pa opaleshoni akhoza kuchotsa zigawo chimodzi kapena zingapo (segmentektomiya) gawo lonse (lobectomy), magawo awiri (bilobektomiya) kapena gawo lonse la m'mapapo chimodzi (pneumonectomy). Pambuyo opaleshoni, woikidwa wowonjezera mankhwala - kapena ayi la cheza ndi / kapena mankhwala amphamvu. Ngati ntchito ndi zosatheka chifukwa cha kufala kwa chotupa kapena concomitant matenda pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala cheza.

Osavomerezeka mosamala misa khansa ya m'mapapo.

kafukufuku European mderali sanapereke zotsatira zabwino mu kusintha imfa poyerekeza ndi anthu ambiri. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti anthu amadwala kwambiri khansa ya m'mapapo, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kawiri pa chaka kukumana X-ray kuona ndi Kupenda cytological wa sputum. Osuta pachifuwa X-ray m'pofunika chitani motere: kwa zaka 40 - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, patatha zaka 40 - chaka chilichonse.

Kusiya kusuta, onse udakali chabe akadali waukulu njira muyeso khansa ya m'mapapo.

Ngati mudakali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, kapena ngati mukufuna kutsimikizira matenda, kapena kuchifuna za mankhwala osankhidwa, muyenera kuganizira kuyendera zipatala ndi Oncology mu Germany, kumene njira atsopano a matenda ndi mankhwala, komanso gulu aluso akatswiri pa izi tidzatha imakupatsani khalidwe zaumoyo.