Firebrick: makhalidwe, kukula, mitundu. Fireclay refractory njerwa kwa ng'anjo

Ntchito yomanga chimneys, ng'anjo mafakitale, fireplaces ndi nyumba zina zomangamanga zikugwira ntchito pa kutentha, zimachitika ntchito zipangizo zapadera. Kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba ngati mu ochiritsira mwala ceramic kapena siliceous ndi zosavomerezeka chifukwa pali mosavuta wovulala. Akatswiri ntchito refractory njerwa, zomangamanga lomwe limapezeka ntchito chimodzimodzi thermostable njira. Kutentha kukana zakuthupi zimatheka kupyolera mu Kukuwotcha ndi ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu achindunji kupanga mwala.

makhalidwe a

Refractory njerwa ali ndi makhalidwe osiyana ndi a ochiritsira yokumba mwala ceramic kapena silicate. A gulu chuma gawo mutuluka woyera dongo, ndi ku zodetsa zimadalira katundu ndi mitundu ya njerwa. Komabe, iwo onse ali limodzi gulu - refractories, mwachitsanzo luso kusunga makhalidwe awo oyambirira atadziŵa kutentha kuti upambana madigiri 1580.

Ntchito makamaka makampani, choncho yopanga refractories amafuna mkulu. Chifukwa cholephera aliyense mu ntchito zomangira ana amakumana ndi zomvetsa chachikulu, osati kokha, komanso chuma. Chinthu chachikulu - iwo kupereka chitetezo. Refractory njerwa zokutira zitsulo zakuthupi ndi moto.

General maonekedwe a moto zosagwira miyala yokumba:

• Low matenthedwe madutsidwe - kukhoza kusunga kutentha mkati mayunitsi ikukhudzana.
• Kutentha kukana - njerwa mphamvu posungira atadziŵa kutentha owonjezera madigiri 1580.
• Ikukhudzana inertia - luso zinthu refractory kwa kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono heats mwamsanga.
• Kutentha mphamvu - khalidwe lopereka kutentha kumanga njerwa akadzabweranso zina.
• Chemical kukana kuti mpweya otentha, slag ndi zitsulo.
• The mosalekeza voliyumu, i.e. khalidwe miyala refractory kapena kungadzutse shrinkage mu osiyanasiyana 0.5% 1%.

ntchito

Refractory njerwa, makhalidwe amene ndi osiyana ndi zipangizo mwachizolowezi zomangamanga anapeza ntchito yake yomanga mayunitsi matenthedwe. M'mafakitale a zitsulo kwa limatsogolera yachitsulo, faifi tambala, mkuwa, amafuna kutentha kuposa madigiri 1500 Koma ngati ng'anjo alimbane kupanga basi wa dolomite, za silika, hromomagnezitovogo njerwa. Silika mwala arches ndi ntchito ng'anjo akalowa amachita zinthu acidic. Iye pa likukulira, koma magnesite refractory wothinikizidwa, kotero Chipilala ndi yamasika akhoza kugwa. Ndiko kuti, mtundu uliwonse wa njerwa kuti gulu ali katundu osiyana ndi ntchito.

The sanali zitsulo makampani refractory mwala ntchito zida kupanga zomangamanga mankhwala, boilers zofunikira, kilns coke; mayunitsi a mafakitale galasi.

mitundu

Refractory njerwa ndi Mabaibulo anayi. Mpweya mtundu chopangidwa kuchokera khala phula ndi Kuwonjezera coke / anthracite ufa. Chotero kutentha zosagwira zakuthupi ndi shlakoustoychivy. Childs, nyumba ntchito mu ng'anjo kuphulika. Komabe, wosanjikiza wina wa mankhwala refractory anaika kwa chitetezo chilichonse. Silika (khwatsi) amapangidwa kuchokera khwatsi mwala ufa ndi mkaka wa laimu. Refractoriness amenewa pa madigiri 1730, ndipo ntchito zida zomangamanga njerwa anakumana ndi mapangidwe acidic.

Magnesite, chromite, Chrome-magnesite njerwa unapangidwa mchere anaphika. Palinso pakachitsulo carbide ndi graphite mankhwala. Moto kukana mitundu amenewa - kuyambira mu 1500 mpaka madigiri 2000.

Ndi aluminous mtundu zikuphatikizapo mfundo otchuka mu makampani - Fireclay njerwa refractory. Amakhala oposa 30% ya okusayidi zotayidwa (aluminiyamu) ndi chofunika pamaso pa dongo wapadera kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha. Moto kukana - mpaka madigiri 1400.

katundu gulu mankhwala

Malinga zikuchokera zigawo zikuluzikulu za miyala yokumba zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 3: ndale, zoyambirira ndi acidic.

Kwa gulu acidic zipangizo mwala ndi silika ndi kvartseglinyasty njerwa. Iwo ali opanda tsankho yokha kucheza ndi mapangidwe acidic.

Chilengedwe ndi zamchere seamlessly analankhulana refractories tikambirane dolomite, magnesite, hromomagnezita. iwo ntchito ndi kuika mayunitsi ikukhudzana udzafunidwa ntchito yake kusintha lakuthwa kutentha.

K gulu ndale za mankhwala ngakhale anafotokoza njerwa, fireclay refractory, mpweya ndi mwala graphite zakuthupi. Iwo kugonjetsedwa ndi zamchere, ndi acidic zinthu.

miyeso mankhwala

Phatikizani mitundu yonse ya njerwa refractory pansi kukula limodzi la m'chilengedwe chonse ndi zosatheka. Mtundu uliwonse mankhwala ali GOST zake zofunika zomangila amene amapangidwa ndi kumene magawo ofunikira. Plus, kukula kwa njerwa refractory zimadalira mawonekedwe, omwe si nthawi zonse anayi. Izi kugwirizana ndi chimake zovuta za unit ikukhudzana zofuna pamaso pa zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso anawasema.

Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa mankhwala amakona anayi osakwatiwa kuyamba ndi 230h65h65 mamilimita ndi mapeto magawo mu 345h150h75 mm. miyeso onse amakona anayi, mphero woboola pakati, atapachikidwa ndi mankhwala ena refractory angapezeke mu GOST 8691-73.

chodetsa

Kuti tiyankhe funso la chimene kugula refractory njerwa mu uvuni, ndi mtengo umene mwachindunji amadalira ntchito za chuma, muyenera kudziwa mankhwala chizindikiro zofunika. Aliyense chipika ali nthano. Kalata yoyamba limaimira dzina ndi mtundu wa mankhwala. Choncho, ngati kulemba ndi kalata "W", kuti adzaupereka kwa gulu refractory miyala fireclay; "D" - Dinas, "M" -mullitovyh.

Kalata yachiwiri limasonyeza kutentha pazipita nkhani ntchito. Miyala Mwachitsanzo fireclay:

• Akuti sha, Shaq - madigiri 1400.
• SB - madigiri 1350.
• SHUS, BC - madigiri 1250.
• PB (theka-asidi mtundu) - 1350 madigiri.
• PV - 1250 madigiri.

Miyeso njerwa refractory amadziŵika ndi chithunzi, amene anenedwa ndi zilembo ziwiri zoyambirira za mankhwala mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, refractory akuti sha-5 ali magawo 230h114h65 mamilimita ndi akuti sha-8 - 250h124h65. SB 22 mankhwala yodziwika ndi mphero woboola pakati zitsulo (trapezium), kukhwimitsa zinthu - 230h114h65h55 mm. Pambuyo kanjedza mu kulemba akutsatiridwa ndi makalata ali ndi chidule cha Mlengi.

mtengo wa

Kumangira fireplaces, kanyenya saloledwa, masitovu ntchito firebrick. Price zakuthupi zimadalira mtundu, kukula, mbali kapangidwe ndi mankhwala. Kuyerekeza mitengo ya October 2015 4 mitundu otchuka a firebrick anasankhidwa ndi Ukraine ndi Russia. Pamene kulamula mphasa pali 350-360 njerwa. Voterani ndi 1 ma PC.

• Amakona anayi mankhwala akuti sha-5 Russia Akuti pa 39,9 rubles.
• Similar kwa refractory yapita, akuti sha-8 pamene akuluakulu pang'ono, mtengo 47,9 rubles.
• Akuti sha-22 (mphero mapeto): mtengo mu Russia - 49 rubles.
• Akuti sha-45 (mapeto mphero) mankhwala mtengo mu Russia - 41,2 rubles.

Kodi kusankha refractory njerwa ng'anjo?

Pomanga zipangizo ng'anjo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yachibadwa yowotcha njerwa zofiira, muyezo miyeso imene - 250h120h65 mm. Iwo ayenera kukhala m'mbali bwino, palibe zisamayoyoke, m'mphepete yosalala ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino. Apo ayi zowalamulira adzakhala osalimba. Kumapeto kwa dongosolo la njerwa akhale kwenikweni ndiko, sindidzaopa ming'alu, voids ndi zigawo.

Iron miyalayo - kalasi perezhzhonnogo njerwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chipangizo cha zapansi uvuni, chifukwa kwambiri zogwirizana ndi yankho. Unburned (wofiira), mwala yokumba, laimu, perforated ndi dzenje njerwa ntchito kwa kuika ng'anjo ndi chimneys saloledwa.

Refractory njerwa mu uvuni, mtengo ndi kangapo kuposa wofiira mwala ceramic ali wofunikila akalowa mayunitsi matenthedwe. Kapena kuti kulenga m'chimake zoteteza ntchito refractory, amene chinsalu ng'anjo. Chifukwa ichi, kutentha kwaiye mkati otaya ndi sichichititsa mpanda waukulu wa ng'anjo.

zothetsera

A refractory njerwa ng'anjo ayenera kuikidwa mu dongosolo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira homogeneous zomwe kwambiri fastens zowalamulira ndi kulimbitsa mu chimango nthawi. Pakuti masitovu zoweta ntchito njira dongo kukonzedwa, malingana mafuta zili dongo ndi Kuwonjezera mchenga anapangira 1: 1 kapena 1: 2. Akuti woyenera njira okonzeka, ngati adagulung'undisa mpira pamene youma kapena osokoneza pamodzi mizere, ndipo pamene anaponyedwa pansi si anabalalika. Ngati owonjezera mchenga, pamene mpira likuphwasuka, mng'alu amapereka pamaso pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha dongo mu njira.

Pamene atagona zida mafakitale firebrick losindikizidwa pamodzi kugwiritsa mortars - ndi njira Mbali yokhala ngati anafuna kumanga katundu refractory.

tikulimbikitsidwa kuti akonze njira Mbali yokhala ngati mu chiŵerengero cha 1 zapansi zomangamanga ng'anjo: 2 - 1: 4. zosakaniza Cementitious ntchito yomanga zapansi mayunitsi ikukhudzana ongoyendayenda madzi, monga pansi.

Category zomangamanga

Pamene akuika yokonza mayunitsi matenthedwe refractory njerwa zomangamanga chifukwa amafuna otsatirawa, omwe kudziwa gulu ake:

• The makulidwe pazipita mfundo pakati 0,5 ndi 1 mamilimita limafanana ndi makamaka samalani atagona gulu limodzi.
• Sutures kukula kwa 1-2 mamilimita pakati njerwa a magulu awiri.
• Standard (vulgaris) yodziwika ndi zimfundo wandiweyani zomangamanga ndi mamilimita 3.
• Kapezekedwe matope pakati njerwa mamilimita 3 limafanana ndi njerwa yosavuta refractory.

Makalasi, refractory kalasi, gulu zomangamanga - zonse zimene ayenera alembedwa mu mabukhu ntchito. Ngati palibe, ndiye makulidwe a stitches kwa zinthu zosiyana structural anatsimikiza pamaziko a matebulo yeniyeni.